Applying the Fundamental
Theorems of Proportionality to
Solve Problems Involving
Proportions
Presented by Princess Genrose Uy Alberca
BASIC PROPORTIONALITY
THEOREM
Imagine that you are an engineer, and you have been hired
to help finish constructing a road on a mountain. You are
given a drawing of the mountain that shows where roads
have already been constructed. It also shows the length of
each segment of the road. There is one segment left to
construct, and your job is to figure out the length of that last
segment. The mountain in question is located in a distant
country, and unfortunately, you can't go and physically
measure the length needed. What should you do? Well, you
are going to use the proportionality theorem to help you
with your job.
In any proportion the product of the extremes is
equal to the product of the means. In symbols,
𝑎/𝑏=𝑐/𝑑 or 𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑, where 𝑏 ≠ 0 and 𝑑 ≠ 0, 𝑎 times d
is equal to b times c, or ad = bc. Also, the different
properties of proportion are the following:
• Cross-multiplication Property
• Alternation Property
• Inverse Property
• Addition Property
• Subtraction Property
Study the examples below:
1. Solve for the value of the unknown x in the proportion 9: 𝑥
= 36: 8.
Answer: 𝒙 = 𝟐
2. The measures of two complementary angles have the ratio
2 to 4. Find the measure of each angle.
Answer: The measures of the angle and its complement are
30° and 60°, respectively.
3. There are 2.2 pounds in one kilogram. How many kilograms
do you weigh when your current weight is 156 pounds?
Answer: 70.9 kilograms
BASIC PROPORTIONALITY
THEOREM
was introduced by a famous Greek Mathematician,
Thales, hence it is also called Thales Theorem.
According to him, for any two equiangular triangles,
the ratio of any two corresponding sides is always the
same. Based on this concept, he gave theorem of
basic proportionality. This concept has been
introduced in similar triangles.
Definition of similar triangles
Two triangles are similar to each
other if,
i) the corresponding angles of
both triangles are congruent,
and
ii) the corresponding sides of
both triangles are proportional.
Basic Proportional Theorem or BPT
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle and
intersects the other two sides in distinct points, then it
divides the sides into segments which are proportional to
these sides.
To find the missing length in a triangle, we apply the
Basic proportionality theorem and the properties of
proportion.
Converse of the Basic Proportionality
Theorem
If a line intersects two sides of a triangle and the sides
are divided into segments which are proportional, then
the line is parallel to the third side.
Converse of the Basic Proportionality
Theorem
Basic Proportionality Theorem
(BPT)
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a
triangle and intersects the other two sides in
distinct points, then it divides the sides into
segments which are proportional.
Converse of the Basic
Proportionality Theorem
If a line intersects two sides of a triangle and
the sides are divided into segments which
are proportional, then the line parallel is to
the third side.
Fundamental Theorem of
Proportionality
If a line parallel to one side of
a triangle intersects the other
two sides at distinct points,
then the line cuts off segments
that are proportional to the
sides.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Summary
Thank
You
