Republic of the Philippines
Eulogio “Amang Rodriguez”
Institute of Science and Technology
Implementation, Approaches,
Models and Guidelines for
Planning
Mr. Jhonry Vanzuela-Caalim, LPT
MAS 102
How do you plan for a
date?
How do you plan for a
wedding?
Why is planning
important?
Educational
Planning
is the application of rational,
systematic analysis to the process of
educational development
Educational
Planning
It is the process of setting goals,
objectives, and strategies to improve
the quality and accessibility of
education in the country.
Benefits of Educational
Planning
Benefits of Educational Planning
Efficient allocation of resources
It allows for the efficient allocation and use of resources,
considering factors such as population growth, geographical
distribution, and infrastructure needs.
Benefits of Educational Planning
Improved access and equity
It allows for the efficient allocation and use of resources,
considering factors such as population growth, geographical
distribution, and infrastructure needs.
Benefits of Educational Planning
Enhanced quality of education
Planning enables the identification of areas where educational
quality needs improvement.
Benefits of Educational Planning
Alignment with societal and economic needs
Educational planning ensures that the education
system aligns with the needs of society and the
economy.
Benefits of Educational Planning
Stronger governance and accountability
Educational planning establishes mechanisms for monitoring
and evaluation, resulting in better governance and
accountability.
Essential Elements of
Educational Planning
Quantitative
Planning
This covers all questions involved in
the expansion of educational facilities
based on pedagogical, demographical,
geographical, economic, and social
factors.
Qualitative
Planning
This covers aims, content, and
methods of education, curricular
planning (the levels and branches),
teacher training, educational guidance,
research, and textbooks and other
teaching aids.
Alternative Approaches to
Educational Planning
Social Demand
Approach
This approach requires the education
authorities to provide schools and find
facilities for all students who demand
admission and who are qualified to
enter.
Advantages of the Social Demand Approach
The approach provides the planners with approximate
number of places where educational facilities has to be
provided.
It is a suitable political tool to meet the need to satisfy
the demands of the general public.
Limitations of the Social Demand Approach
The approach has no control over factors such as the
price of education
The approach has no control over absorptive capacity
of the economy for the trained personnel.
The approach does not provide guidance we need as
to how best to meet the identified needs.
Manpower Requirement
Approach
It is also known as "Human Resource
Development Approach"
Manpower Requirement
Approach
The focus of this approach is to
forecast the manpower needs of the
economy.
Goal of Manpower Requirment Approach
Estimate the required number of graduates by
education level in the economy
Estimate the number of teacher at different levels and
types of education
Assess the existing curriculum and give
recommendations for changes
Advantage of Manpower Requirment Approach
Man-Power could usefully call attention to extreme
gaps and imbalances in the education output pattern
that need remedy.
It gives educators useful guidance on how roughly
educational qualifications of the labour force ought to
be developed in the future.
Disadvantage of Manpower Requirment
Approach
It gives educational planner a limited guidance in the
sense that it does not tell what can be actually
achieved in every level of education e.g. primary
education, secondary education, etc.
The approach says nothing about primary education,
which is not considered to be work connected.
Most manpower needs are mostly needed in the
urban employment.
Rate of Returns
Approach
Investment in education should take
place in such a way that the returns
from the investment are equal to the
returns from other kinds of investment
of capital
Rate of Returns
Approach
This approach treats education as an
investment in human capital and uses
rate of returns as a criterion in
allocation of financial resources.
Rate of Returns
Approach
However, in reality, it is difficult to
apply this approach to education due
to problems associated with measuring
rate of returns in education.
Human Dev’t
Approach
It refers to the expanding the richness
of human life, rather than simply the
richness of the economy in which
human beings live.
Human Dev’t
Approach
It is an approach that is focused on
people and their opportunities and
choices.
Human Dev’t
Approach
aims to improve the lives people lead
rather than assuming economic growth
will lead to greater well-being.
Foundation of Human Development Approach
to live a long, healthy, and creative life,
to be knowledgeable, and
to have access to resources for a decent standard of
living.
Application and Approaches
for the Philippine
Environment
Basic Education
Plan 2030
It was developed through a
consultative and participatory
approach.
Basic Education
Plan 2030
The plan aims to help all Filipinos to
realize their full potential and
contribute to a cohesive nation
through the right and promotion of the
right to quality education.
The BEDP puts forward four priority development
areas:
Pivoting to quality, ensuring that all learners attain
learning standards in every key stage in the K to 12
program
Expanding access to education for groups in situations
of disadvantage to ensure inclusive and equitable
quality service delivery
Empowering learners to be resilient and to acquire life
skills
The BEDP puts forward four priority development
areas:
Strengthening the promotion of the overall wellbeing of
learners in a positive learning environment where
learners exercise their rights and experience joy, while
being aware of their responsibilities as individuals and
as members of society.
Performance Assessment of
an Education System
CURRENT
EDUCATION
SYSTEM OF PH
There are three agencies that handle
the different levels of the Philippines
education system:
- DepEd
- CHEd
- TESDA
CURRENT
EDUCATION
SYSTEM OF PH
Most of the problems in the
Philippines education system stem
from a lack of funding.
CURRENT
EDUCATION
SYSTEM OF PH
Like many other developing countries,
one of the major problems in the
Philippine education system is that of
‘brain drain’
Philippines’ Performance
in the 2018 and 2022 PISA
Philippines’ Performance
in the 2018 and 2022 PISA
Program for International Student Assessment
(PISA)
It aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by
testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students
in participating countries/economies.
Philippines’ Performance
in the 2018 and 2022 PISA
One indicator of the country’s state of basic education is
the performance in the Program for International
Student Assessment (PISA) which showed dismal
bottom ranking of the Philippines - 78/78 in 2018 and
77/81 in 2022.
Philippines’ Performance
in the 2018 and 2022 PISA
The Philippines ranked 77th out of 81 countries globally
in the student assessment conducted by the OECD for
15-year-old learners.
National Achievement
Test
The test is designed to determine their
academic levels, strengths and
weaknesses, as well as their
knowledge learnt in major subjects
throughout the year.
National Achievement
Test
The NAT result will also give insight
into the percentage of Grade 12
students who have the minimum level
of proficiency in the fourth stage of
the SHS core areas.
National Achievement
Test
Achievement tests provide detailed data on
learners’ academic performance and
contribute to the formulation of curriculum
development and adaptation to them to be
more appropriate and useful to learners.
National Achievement
Test
It helps in addressing the problems of
different education systems and improving
them.
National Achievement
Test
Evaluating the professional performance of
teachers, distinguishing between teachers
who are fully performing their tasks and
others who still need to develop their
potential and deepen their experience.
Environmental
Scanning
is the process of gathering
information about events and their
relationships within an organization's
internal and external environments.
environmental scanning
Environmental
Scanning
is the process of gathering
information about events and their
relationships within an organization's
internal and external environments.
Environmental
Scanning
It aims to identify problems such as
student enrollment trends, in climate
weather or natural disasters, world
events, funding, national legislation,
marketing, and etc.
Environmental
Scanning
Thru E.S it helps to make decisions
influenced from trended analysis of
historical events to project future
events.
Environmental
Factors
It refers to all outside factors that can
influence the school organizations and
operation.
Environmental
Factors
External factors are elements from outside the
company that affect business performance,
such as competition, economic climate,
political and legal environment, technological
advances, or major global events.
Environmental
Factors
External forces in the school
environment that influence human
development include social, cultural,
economic, and political factors.
FACING EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS
Formation of the new priorities while
maintaining the continuity of the
activities is to provide high school
adaption to the demands of a changing
social and economic environment.
FACING EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS
taking into account modern trends occurring
in the external and internal environment,
higher education must move to project based
learning on topical issues and gradually turn
into a "factory start-ups," to become a
platform of innovative entrepreneurial
experiments
FACING EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS
At the same time priorities of this institution
should be training, retraining, raising staff
qualifications and development of scientific
and technical solutions for the innovative
development of regions and countries.
