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August 14,
2024

Pulse
fi easurement
Width
Using PIC
fi icrocontroller
Agenda

Introduction to Pulse Width Modulation

(PWM) Understanding Pulse Width
Measurement Circuit Diagram for Pulse
Width Measurement Code Explanation
for Pulse Width Measurement
Applications of Pulse Width Measurement
Common Issues and Solutions
PIC Microcontroller Tutorial
Categories Engagement and
PWM
Basics
Introduction to Pulse
fi odulation
Width
(PWfi )

●
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique used to encode a message into a
Understanding
● The two main components of PWM are the time period, which is the total time of one cycle,
pulsing signal by varying the width of the pulses.
and the duty cycle, which is the percentage of time that the signal is high (active) within
PWM that period.

● For example, in a PWM signal with a 0.3 second period and a 25% duty cPycu
l les,

tthipe:pulse is high for 0.075 seconds and low for 0.225 seconds, effectively controlling the
averagCeovnoslitdaegr eadadnindgssipsignal
mecuiflaictianpgpliacnatiaonnsaloofg
PWM in electronics, such as motor speed
.
Measureme
Plus tip:
nt

Understanding Consider adding specific examples

of applications where pulse width
measurement is crucial, such as in

Pulse Width motor control or signal processing.

fi easurement

Pulse width is defined as the duration of time a signal remains

in a high (active) state, measured from the rising edge (positive
edge) to the falling edge (negative edge). To accurately measure
pulse width using a PIC microcontroller, the built-in timer is
utilized in conjunction with the capture compare module. When
the microcontroller detects a rising edge on the capture pin, the
timer is activated to start counting. Upon detecting the falling
edge, the timer is stopped, and the elapsed time is recorded.
This time value directly corresponds to the pulse width of the
signal, allowing for precise measurements without prior
knowledge of the signal's time period.
Circuit
Design

Circuit Diagram for Pulse Width

fi easurement

Circuit LCD
Overview Connection
The circuit utilizes a PIC16F877A The LCD is connected to PORTB of the
microcontroller interfaced with a 16x2 microcontroller, allowing real-time
LCD to display pulse width measurements. display of pulse width in milliseconds.
The capture compare module detects Ensure correct pin configuration for
PWM signals, while the timer measures proper functionality.
pulse width.
Code
Plus
Analysis
tip:
Consider adding specific examples
Code Explanation for Pulse Width of
how to modify the code for
different
PIC microcontrollers or
comments for
additional
fi easurement clarity.

Initialization Interrupt Main Logic

Functions Handling Loop

The function 'hardwareInit()' The 'interrupt()' function manages The 'main()' function initializes
configures the capture compare the timing and captures pulse the LCD, enters an infinite loop
module and sets up the timer. It edges. When a rising edge is to display the pulse width
initializes CCP1 to capture rising detected, the timer starts; on a measurement, and updates the
edges and CCP2 for falling edges, falling edge, the timer stops, display with the calculated
enabling the necessary interrupts. capturing the pulse width. period in milliseconds.
 Plus tip:
Applications Consider adding specific examples
or diagrams to each application to

Applications of Pulse Width enhance understanding and

engagement.

fi easurement
Power Motor
Control Control

Pulse width measurement is essential in In robotics and automation, pulse width

power electronics for controlling the output measurement helps in precise control of motor
power delivered to devices, enabling efficient speeds and positions, ensuring accurate
energy management. movements.

Signal Measurement and

Processing Sensing

Used in communications to analyze and modify Pulse width measurement aids in various
signal characteristics, pulse width sensing applications, such as distance
measurement enhances data transmission measurement and environmental monitoring,
quality and reliability. enhancing data collection capabilities.
Troubleshootin
g

Common Issues and

Solutions
Solution Common
s Issues
● Ensure the compiler settings are correctly ● 'Not enough RAM for call stack' error
configured to allocate sufficient RAM for the indicates that the code is too complex or
PIC microcontroller to avoid 'not enough RAM memory-intensive for the available RAM.
for call stack' errors.
● Undeclared identifier errors arise when
● Include necessary libraries in the project,
required libraries are not included or
such as the LCD library, to resolve
when there are typos in function names.
undeclared identifiers like 'Lcd_Out_Cp'.
● Break down complex functions into smaller
parts to reduce memory load and facilitate
● Compatibility issues may occur if the code
easier debugging. is written for a different PIC compiler
than the one being used.

Plus tip:
Customize this slide by adding
specific examples of errors
encountered in your projects and
unique solutions that worked for you.
 Plus tip:
Tutorials Customize the content by adding specific
examples or links to your tutorials for

PIC fi icrocontroller Tutorial

each category. Consider including
images or diagrams to enhance
understanding.

Categories
Introduction to PIC PWM and Signal Sensor
Microcontrollers Control Interfacing
Explore the fundamentals of PIC Learn about Pulse Width Modulation Understand how to interface various
microcontrollers, including (PWM) techniques for controlling sensors with PIC microcontrollers,
architecture and programming basics, signals in various applications, enabling applications in automation,
which sets the foundation for more essential for projects involving motors robotics, and environmental
advanced topics. and LEDs. monitoring.

Communication Embedded Systems Troubleshooting and

Protocols Design Debugging
Dive into communication protocols like Gain insights into designing complete Develop skills in troubleshooting
I2C, SPI, and UART, which are critical embedded systems using PIC common issues in PIC projects,
for enabling microcontroller microcontrollers, focusing on enhancing
communication with other devices. hardware and software integration. problem-solving capabilities and
project success.
Communit
y

Engagement and
Feedback

Subscribe for Share Your

Updates Experience
● Enter your email address on the blog to ● Leave comments on the blog to ask
receive notifications of new posts. questions or share your insights about
the tutorial.
● Stay informed about the latest
tutorials and updates on PIC ● Engage with other readers to discuss
microcontroller projects. challenges and solutions in pulse width
measurement.
● Join a community of enthusiasts and
learn together through shared ● Encourage others by sharing your
knowledge. successful projects and applications
of the tutorial.
Thank
you.