Lesson 1
Introduction to
Conic Sections
Precalculus / Basic Calculus
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
Illustrate the different types of conic
sections: parabola, ellipse, circle,
hyperbola, and degenerate cases
(STEM_PC11AG-ia-1)
2
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
● Generate conic sections from the intersection
of a plane and a cone.
● Give examples of conic sections in real life:
parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola
3
Conic Sections
Conic sections are obtained from the intersection
between a double-napped cone and a plane.
4
Parabola
Parabolas are formed when the plane is parallel to
the generating line of one cone.
5
Ellipse
Ellipses are formed when the plane intersects the
one cone at an angle other than .
6
Hyperbola
Hyperbolas are formed when the plane is parallel to
the axis of revolution or the -axis
7
Circle
Circles are formed when the intersection of the plane
is perpendicular to the axis of revolution.
8
Degenerate Conic Sections
Degenerate conic sections are formed when a
plane intersects the cone in such a way that it passes
through the apex.
9
Degenerate Conic Sections
Two Intersecting
lines
10
Degenerate Conic Sections
Single Line
11
Degenerate Conic Sections
Single Point
12
Degenerate Conic Sections
13
Let’s Practice!
Give 1 example of
CIRCLE, PARABOLA,
ELLIPSE, and
HYPERBOLA in real life.
14
Lesson 2:
CIRCLES
Precalculus
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Lesson 2: CIRCLES
Definition and Standard Equation
of a Circle
Graph of a Circle
Applications of Circles in Real-life
Situations
Precalculus
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
● Define a circle.
● Graph a circle given an equation in
center – radius form.
● Solve situational problems involving
circles.
17
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
● Define a circle.
● Determine the equation of a circle given its center
and radius and vice versa.
● Graph a circle on a rectangular coordinate system
with center at the origin and center at .
● Graph a circle whose equation is written in its
standard form.
● Apply the concepts related to circle in solving word
problems.
● Solve word problems involving circles.
18
Circle
Recall that a circle is
formed when a plane
perpendicular to the axis
intersects a double-napped
cone.
19
Circle
The set of points in a
plane, which are all
equidistant from a given
point, called the center,
forms a circle. center
20
Circle
Any segment with
endpoints at the center
and a point on the circle is
a radius of the circle. 𝑨 radius 𝑪
21
Equation of a Circle in Standard
Form
Any segment with endpoints
at the center and a point on
the circle is a radius () of
the circle.
22
Equation of a Circle in Standard
Form
Given the coordinates of a
point on the circle as and
the center of the circle at
may be calculated using the
distance formula.
23
Equation of a Circle in Standard
Form
Squaring both sides of the equation used to calculate
the radius, we get the standard form of equation
of a circle given by
where is the center and is the radius of the circle.
24
Equation of a Circle in Standard
Form
With Center at With Center at the Origin
25
Equation of a Circle in Standard
Form
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 =𝟏𝟔
26
Equation of a Circle in Standard
Form
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 =𝟗
27
What do you think will
happen to the graph of a
circle if ?
28
What do you think will
happen to the graph of a
circle if ?
29
Let’s Practice!
Find the equation of the circle with center at
the origin and a radius of 10 units.
30
Let’s Practice!
Find the equation of the circle with center at
and a radius of units.
31
Let’s Practice!
Find the center and the radius of the circle
whose equation is
32
Try It!
Find the equation of the
circle with center at the
origin and a radius of 12
units.
33
Try It!
Find the equation of the
circle with center at and a
radius of units.
34
Try It!
Find the center and radius
of the circle whose equation
is
35
Tip
To identify the center of the circle
given by the equation , we can simply
get the additive inverse of and .
Therefore, the center of the circle is
at .
36
Let’s Practice!
Graph the equation .
37
Let’s Practice!
Graph the equation .
38
Let’s Practice!
the 𝑦-axis.
Graph the circle with center at and tangent to
39
Try It!
Graph the equation .
40
Try It!
Graph the equation .
41
Try It!
tangent to the 𝑥-axis.
Graph the circle with center at and
42
Lesson 2: CIRCLES
Applications of
Circles in Real-life
Situations
Precalculus
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Solving Word Problems Involving
Circles
In solving word problems involving circles, it is
important that we know the different parts of the
circle and how to graph them. Illustrations can also be
helpful by visualizing the given problem.
44
Let’s Practice!
A cellular tower is located at on a coordinate
plane whose units represent miles. It is
designed to service an 11-mile radius. Identify
the equation in standard form of the outer
boundary of the region serviced by the tower.
45
Let’s Practice!
A radio tower is located at and has a range of
15 km. The lettered points on the coordinate
plane represent the cities around it. Find the
equation of the circle that represents the
coverage of the radio tower and sketch the
circle. Which among the cities are out of
coverage of the radio tower?
46
Let’s Practice!
47
Try It!
A Wi-Fi router placed at on a
coordinate plane whose units
represent meters can reach up to
25 meters in radius. Find the
equation in standard form of the
outer boundary of the region
reached by the router.
48
A volcano is located at on a coordinate
Try It!
plane. The lettered points on the
coordinate plane represent the cities
around it. The government reminds
those cities around the 10-km radius of
the volcano to take precautionary
measures in case of emergency. Find
the equation of the circle that
represents the range of the volcano and
sketch the circle. Which among the
cities are outside the 10-km radius of
the volcano? 49
Try It!
50
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Conic sections are curves obtained from the intersection between a
double-napped cone and a plane.
● There are basically three types of conic sections: parabola, hyperbola, and
ellipse. A circle is a type of ellipse and is sometimes considered as the
fourth conic section.
● A parabola is formed when the plane is parallel to the generating line of
one cone.
● An ellipse is formed when the plane intersects the cone at an angle other
than .
the 𝑦-axis.
● A hyperbola is formed when the plane is parallel to the axis of revolution or
● A circle is formed when the intersection of the plane is perpendicular to the
axis of revolution.
● Degenerate conic sections are formed when the plane intersects the 51
Let’s Sum It Up!
● A circle is formed when a plane perpendicular to the axis intersects a
double-napped cone.
● A circle is the set of all points that are equidistant from a given point
in the plane, called the center.
● Any segment with endpoints at the center and a point on the circle is
a radius of the circle.
● To identify the equation of a circle given its center and radius, use
the standard form of the equation of a circle.
● In finding the radius given the center and a point on a circle, use the
distance formula.
52
Key Formulas
Concept Formula Description
Equation of a
Circle in Standard Use this formula when
Form where finding the equation of
is the center of the a circle given its center
circle and radius.
is its radius
53
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Steps in graphing a circle:
1. Identify and plot the point on a coordinate plane.
2. Solve for
3. From the center count units horizontally in both
directions and vertically in both directions. This will give
you four different points, all equidistant to the center.
4. Connect the points to form a circle by drawing a smooth
curve.
Note that the center is not part of the graph of a circle.
54
