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A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Number Systems
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Quiz
What is the smallest natural number?
a) -1
b) 1
c) 0
d) 0.5
e) -0.5
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Objectives
• Types of Numbers
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Types of Numbers
• Natural Numbers
• Whole Numbers
• Integers
– Positive
– Negative
• Rational Numbers
• Terminating & Repeating Decimals
• Irrational Numbers
• Real Numbers
• Prime Numbers
• Binary Numbers System
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Natural Numbers
Counting Numbers are called Natural Numbers
Thus, N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .….}
is the set of natural numbers.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Whole Numbers
All Counting Numbers together with zero form the set of
all Whole Numbers
Thus, W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …..}
is the set of all whole numbers.
Clearly, every natural number is a whole number.
But, 0 is a whole number which is not a natural number.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Integers
The set I of all natural numbers, 0 and
negative of counting numbers, is the set of all
integers.
Thus, I = {….., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, .….}
is the set of all integers.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Integers Continued …
Positive Integers :
+
The set I = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …..} is the set of all positive integers.
Clearly, positive integers and natural numbers are synonyms.
Negative Integers :
The set I = {-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, …..} is the set of all negative
integers. -
Note that 0 is neither positive nor negative.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Rational Numbers
The numbers of the form p/q, where p and q
are integers and q≠0, are known as rational
numbers. E.g. 3/5, 9/7, -2/3, 0/1 etc.
Thus, Q = {p/q : p & q are integers & q≠0}
is the set of all rational numbers.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Rational Numbers Cont…
Since every natural number a can be written
as a/1, so every natural number is a rational
number.
Since 0 can be written as 0/1 and every non-
zero integer a can be written as a/1, so every
integer is a rational number.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Terminating & Repeating Decimals
Every rational number has a peculiar
characteristics that it when expressed in
decimal form is expressible either in
terminating decimals or in repeating decimals.
E.g. 1/2 = 0.5; 1/3 = 0.333… = 0.3;
22/7 = 3.142857; 8/45 = 0.17 etc.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Irrational Numbers
All numbers which when expressed in decimal
form are in non-terminating and non-repeating
form, known as irrational numbers.
E.g. √2, √3, √5, √7, π etc.
That is, an irrational number cannot be written
as a common fraction
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Irrational Numbers Cont…
Note that the exact value of π is not 22/7, as
22/7 is rational while π is irrational.
22/7 is the approximate value of π. Similarly
3.14 is not the exact value of π.
Also, 0.101001000100001….. Is a non-
terminating and non-repeating decimal, so it is
an example of an irrational number.
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
Real Numbers
The totality of all rational and all irrational
numbers forms the set R of all real numbers.
Thus, every natural number, every whole
number, every integer, every rational
A one need to spend time to understand Mathematics – Kulwinder Singh
