MATRICES…..
Contd
1
Revision
2
3
Operations
4
Addition and Subtraction
Scalar Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication
Operations Transpose of Matrix
Conjugate of Matrix
Symmetric of Matrix
Skew-Symmetric of Matrix
5
Addition and Subtraction
• Two matrices may be added (or subtracted) iff they are
of same order only.
• Simply add (or subtract) the corresponding elements
and a resultant matrix of same order is obtained
so , A+B = C
6
Addition and Subtraction…..contd
If, A = & B =
Then the resultant matrix for above is; A + B = C
C=
7
Addition and Subtraction…..contd
If A = and B =
find (A + B) and (A – B)
Solution:
(A + B) =
(A – B)=
8
Scalar Multiplication
• If a matrix is multiplied by a scalar k, each element of the matrix is
multiplied by k.
k [A] =
Example: If A = then;
10 A =
9
Problems for Practice
If A = and B =
find (5A+2B)
Solution:
5A+2B = 5
=
=
10
Matrix Multiplication
• Two matrices can be multiplied together provided they are compatible with respect to their orders. The
number of columns in the first matrix [A] must be equal to the number of rows in the second
matrix [B]. The resulting matrix [C] will have the same number of rows as [A] and the same number of
columns as [B].
Matrix A has 2 columns while Matrix B has 2 rows which are equal hence
multiplication is possible and resultant matrix will be of order 3x3.
11
Matrix Multiplication……Contd
Let; A = & B =
C = A B =
[C]=
12
Matrix Multiplication……Contd
Example:
[A] = ; [ B] =
Solution : C = [ A ] [ B ]
=
=
=
13
Transpose of Matrix
• The transpose of any matrix is obtained by interchanging the rows
and columns.
• If A is matrix of order mxn then its transpose is of order nxm
• Transpose of matrix is denoted by [A]T or A’ or A*
• Example:
If A =
Then AT or A’ or A* =
14
Conjugate of Matrix
• If every element of a complex matrix A is replaced by
its conjugate then the matrix obtained is called
conjugate of a matrix and it is denoted by Ā
• While taking conjugate it should be remember that
the magnitude(sign) is changed of only imaginary
number and not the real number.
• Example
A= Ā=
15
Symmetric Matrix
• A square matrix is said to be symmetric if the
transpose of the matrix is same as the original matrix
• Example:
A=
AT =
Since ; A = AT
Hence its Symmetric Matrix
16
Skew - Symmetric Matrix
• A square matrix is said to be skew-symmetric if the
transpose of the matrix is negative of original matrix i.e
A = - AT
• Example
A=
AT = taking minus sign common we get = - = -A
i.e AT = - A or A = - AT
A is Skew - Symmetric Matrix
17
Adjoint of Matrices
• If A is any matrix of order mxn and Cij is the co-factor of aij
then the matrix :
is called the matrix of co-factors from A & the transpose of this
matrix is called Adjoint of A and is denoted by adj(A)
18
How to Find Co-Factor ?
Let; A =
Find all the minors of the given matrix
Compute Co-Factor as : ; ;
; ;
19
Find Adjoint of the Matrix
A=
Solution :
Co factor of 3 = =
Co factor of 1 = =
Co factor of -1 = =
Co factor of 2 = =
20
Contd…..
Co factor of -2 = =
Co factor of 0 = =
Co factor of 1 = =
Co factor of 2 = =
Co factor of -1 = =
21
Contd….
The cofactor matrix is C =
Taking transpose of the cofactor matrix (C)
adj A =
22
QUIZ
23
Take Home
Test
24
