Comprehensive Guide to
UAV Drones Design
Mohammad Khaled Alsaedi 439008074
Zeiad Fahad Aljabri 439003693
Loay Falatah 435013919
Sulatan Aljohani 439008414
Bassam Qooni 438008148
Supervisor
Dr. Tamer Elsayed
Contents
• Introduction
• Flight Principles
• Drone Parts
• Design Principles
• Drone User Guide Interface
• Conclusion
Introduction
What is the UAV?
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
(UAV) is a term used to
describe aircraft without
pilots onboard
UAV Configurations
Fixed-Wing Multi-Rotor Hybrid
UAV Configurations
UAV Configurations
Applications of UAVs
1) Environmental Applications
Applications of UAVs
2) Commercial Applications
Applications of UAVs
3) Relief Field Applications
Applications of UAVs
4) Agricultural Applications
Applications of UAVs
5) Agricultural Applications with
Artificial Intelligence
Applications of UAVs
6) Mapping/Surveying Applications
Applications of UAVs
7) Infrastructure Applications
Applications of UAVs
8) Construction Applications
Applications of UAVs
9) Construction Applications
Pros Cons
• Data Collection • Privacy Concerns
• Safety in Hazardous • Security Risks
Environments • Limited Payload Capacity and
• Precision Work Flight Time
• Cost-Effective Operations • Public Perception and
Acceptance
Why do we use UAVs?
Flight Principles
Lift: The upward force
generated by the wings or
rotors, opposing gravity.
Drag: The aerodynamic
resistance that opposes
forward motion.
Thrust: The forward force
produced by propulsion.
Weight: The force exerted by
gravity on the aircraft's mass,
acting downward.
Drone Parts
• Frame
• Motors
• Propellers
• Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs)
• Battery
• Power Distribution Board (PDB)
• Connectors
• Flight Controller (FC)
• Remote Control Systems
Drone Parts
Frame
provides the structure for
mounting other components.
It houses payloads such as
cameras, sensors, or other
equipment.
Motors
The most common use of
motors for UAVs is to spin
the propellers of multi-rotor
drones to enable them to fly.
Motors
Brushless Motors eliminate
the need for brushes and
rely on electronic control for
commutation. Also, having
higher power-to-weight
ratio. Brushless
Motor
Types
Brushed
Motors
Motor Parameters
• Speed VS. Torque
• KV Rating
• Input Voltage
• Current Draw
• Thrust
Propellers
Propellers Parameters
• Material
• Types
• Diameter Size
• Pitch
• No. of Blades
• Spinning Direction
Propellers
Propellers
• Material
• Types
• Diameter Size
• Pitch
• No. of Blades
• Spinning Direction
Propellers
Propellers
• Material
• Types
• Diameter Size
• Pitch
• No. of Blades
• Spinning Direction
Electronic Speed Controller
(ESC)
ESC Parameters
• ESC Types
• ESC Voltage Rating
• ESC & Motor Compatibility
Drone Parts
ESC
• ESC Types
• ESC Voltage Rating
• ESC & Motor Compatibility
Battery
Battery Parameters
• Voltage
• Capacity
• Charging-Rating
• Cells
Power Distribution Board
(PDB)
Power Distribution Board
Function
Input voltage
Continuous and Burst Currents
Supplying power for ESCs, signal and
telemetry.
4x ESC power /signal/ telemetry pads.
VTX: Video Transmitter signal.
Connectors
Flight Controller
Remote Control Systems
Remote Control Systems
Design Principles
General Design Steps:
• Mission/Application Requirements
• Drone Type Selection
• Drone Frame (type/material/size)
• Weights Calculations
• Power/Propulsion Calculations
• Peripherals/Accessories/Payloads
Design Principles
General UAV Design Principles:
Balance and Symmetry: Quadcopters achieve stability by maintaining balance and
symmetry in their design. Equal thrust from each motor keeps the drone level during
flight.
Center of Gravity (CoG): Proper distribution of weight ensures that the drone's CoG is
aligned with its center of lift. This balance is crucial for stable flight and precise control.
Control Surfaces: Quadcopters lack traditional control surfaces like ailerons or elevators.
Instead, they adjust the speed of individual motors to control roll, pitch, and yaw.
Redundancy and Safety: Some advanced quadcopters incorporate redundancy, such as
dual batteries or motors, to enhance safety and prevent catastrophic failures.
Design Principles
• Specify the Drone’s mission
Design Principles
• Drone’s Weight
• Payload’s Maximum Weight
Thrust must be ≥ 2x the overall Drone’s Weight
Not only weight affects the drone, but also
strong winds.
Design Principles
• Frame
Type: fixed-wing, multicopter,..
Size: Small, Medium or Large
Material: Wood, Aluminum,
Carbon Fiber,..
Design Principles
ESC Current Rating ≥ Motor Current
Rating
Design Principles
Design Principles
Design Principles
VS.
Design Principles
Transmitter & Receiver Compatibility
Number of Channels
Range
Frequency and Protocol
Telemetry such as: battery voltage, GPS
coordinates, and altitude
Design Principles
Battery is chosen based on the ratings of
PDB, ESC, and Motors.
Components should handle the supplied
power
Design Principles
PDB Design Example:
Battery is chosen based on the ratings of PDB, ESC, and
Motors.
Components should handle the supplied power
Guide for Designing UAV
with Application
Quadcopter Drone Connections
User Guide Interface
User Guide Interface
User Guide Interface
User Guide Interface
User Guide Interface
Conclusion
Thank You
