GROUP 2
Curambao, Pamela Rose
Salgado, Jolina
Cubil Jessibel
Avila Rhea Mae
Flores Jenno
Odayao Ibefe
Topics:
* Methods of data
collection
*Sampling
* Methods of data
presentation and frequency
distribution table
WHAT IS DATA
COLLECTION?🤔
> WHAT IS DATA COLLECTION?
Data collection happens when you
gather and analyze valuable
information (e.g., names, email
addresses, and customer feedback)
from a variety of sources to build
compelling marketing campaigns,
learn more about your customers, or
create financial budgets.
Effective data collection
can help you solve a
problem, of course, but it
can also measure brand
awareness, identify
trends, and spark new
ideas.
primary data-collection
methods covered below are
quantitative, dealing with
countable data. Others are
qualitative, meaning that they
consider factors other than
numerical values. Generally,
questionnaires, surveys,
documents, and records are
quantitative, while interviews,
focus groups, observations,
and oral histories are
Here are the top six data collection
methods:🙂
*Interviews
*Questionnaires and surveys
*Observations
*Documents and records
*Focus groups
*Oral histories
Interviews
are a method of data collection
that involves two or more people
exchanging information through
a series of questions and
answers.
Observation
Observation involves collecting
information without asking
questions. This method is more
subjective, as it requires the
researcher, or observer, to add their
judgment to the data. But in some
circumstances, the risk of bias is
minimal.
Documents and records
Sometimes you can collect a considerable amount of
data without asking anyone anything. Document- and
records-based research uses existing data for a study.
Attendance records, meeting minutes, and financial
records are just a few examples of this type of
research.
Focus groups
A combination of interviewing, surveying,
and observing, a focus group is a data
collection method that involves several
individuals who have something in
common. The purpose of a focus group is
to add a collective element to individual
data collection.
Oral histories
At first glance, an oral history might
sound like an interview. Both data
collection methods involve asking
questions. But an oral history is more
precisely defined as the recording,
preservation, and interpretation of
historical information based on the
opinions and personal experiences of
people who were involved in the events.
Questionnaires and surveys
Questionnaires and surveys can
be used to ask questions that
have closed-ended answers.
SAMPLING
In Statistics, the sampling method or
sampling technique is the process of
studying the population by gathering
information and analyzing that data.
It is the basis of the data where the
sample space is enormous.
There are several different sampling techniques
available, and they can be subdivided into two
groups. All these methods of sampling may
involve specifically targeting hard or approach to
reach groups.
Types of Sampling Method
Probability Sampling
Non-probability Sampling
What is Probability Sampling?
The probability sampling method utilizes
some form of random selection. In this
method, all the eligible individuals have
a chance of selecting the sample from
the whole sample space.
Probability Sampling Types
*Simple Random Sampling
*Systematic Sampling
*Stratified Sampling
*Clustered Sampling
Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling gathers a random selection
from the entire population, where each unit has an
equal chance of selection. This is the most common
way to select a random sample.
Stratified sampling
Stratified sampling collects a random selection of
a sample from within certain strata, or subgroups
within the population. Each subgroup is
separated from the others on the basis of a
common characteristic, such as gender, race, or
religion. This way, you can ensure that all
subgroups of a given population are adequately
represented within your sample population.
Systematic sampling
Systematic sampling draws a random sample from
the target population by selecting units at regular
intervals starting from a random point. This method
is useful in situations where records of your target
population already exist, such as records of an
agency’s clients, enrollment lists of university
students, or a company’s employment records. Any
of these can be used as a sampling frame.
Cluster sampling
Cluster sampling is the process of dividing the target
population into groups, called clusters. A randomly selected
subsection of these groups then forms your sample. Cluster
sampling is an efficient approach when you want to study
large, geographically dispersed populations. It usually
involves existing groups that are similar to each other in
some way (e.g., classes in a school).
What is Non-Probability Sampling?
The non-probability sampling method
is a technique in which the researcher
selects the sample based on
subjective judgment rather than the
random selection. In this method, not
all the members of the population
have a chance to participate in the
study.
Non-Probability Sampling Types
Convenience Sampling
Voluntary response sampling
Quota Sampling
Purposive or Judgmental Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Convenience sampling
A convenience sample simply includes the
individuals who happen to be most accessible
to the researcher.
Voluntary response sampling
Similar to a convenience sample, a voluntary
response sample is mainly based on ease of
access. Instead of the researcher choosing
participants and directly contacting them,
people volunteer themselves (e.g. by
responding to a public online survey).
Quota sampling
Quota sampling relies on the non-
random selection of a predetermined
number or proportion of units.
Purposive sampling
This type of sampling, also known as
judgement sampling, involves the researcher
using their expertise to select a sample that is
most useful to the purposes of the research.
Snowball sampling
If the population is hard to access, snowball
sampling can be used to recruit participants via
other participants. The number of people you
have access to “snowballs” as you get in
contact with more people. The downside here
is also representativeness, as you have no way
of knowing how representative your sample is
due to the reliance on participants recruiting
others. This can lead to sampling bias.
METHODS OF DATA PRESENTATION
METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
[Link] Method – a narrative
description of the data gathered.
[Link] Method – a systematic
arrangement of information into
columns and rows.
[Link] Method – an illustrative
description of the data
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