Normalisation
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Introduction to Normalisation
Normalisation is the process of
organizing data in a database to
reduce redundancy and improve data
integrity.
It involves breaking down a large
table into smaller, related tables to
minimize data duplication.
Normalisation helps in eliminating
anomalies and inconsistencies in the
database.
Benefits of Normalisation
Improves data integrity by reducing
redundancy and inconsistencies.
Enhances database performance by
reducing the amount of data to be
stored and retrieved.
Simplifies data maintenance and
updates by organizing data in a
structured manner.
Levels of Normalisation
First Normal Form (1NF) involves
eliminating repeating groups and
ensuring each field contains atomic
values.
Second Normal Form (2NF) eliminates
partial dependencies by ensuring all
non-key attributes depend on the
entire primary key.
Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates
transitive dependencies by ensuring
all non-key attributes depend only on
the primary key.
Fourth and Fifth Normal Form
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) deals with
multi-valued dependencies and
ensures each attribute is fully
dependent on the primary key.
Fifth Normal Form (5NF) addresses
join dependencies and ensures all join
dependencies are implied by the
candidate keys.
Your third bullet
Common Normalisation Techniques
Denormalisation is the reverse
process of normalisation where
redundancy is intentionally introduced
to improve performance.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is a
stricter form of 3NF that eliminates all
non-trivial functional dependencies.
Domain-Key Normal Form (DK/NF)
ensures that all constraints are
expressed in terms of keys and
domains.
Considerations for Normalisation
Normalisation is not always necessary
and should be balanced with
performance considerations.
Over-normalisation can lead to
complex queries and reduced
performance.
It is essential to understand the
nature of the data and the
requirements of the database before
deciding on the level of normalisation.
Conclusion
Normalisation is a crucial database
design process that improves data
integrity and consistency.
By following normalisation principles,
databases can be structured
efficiently for optimal performance.
Understanding the different normal
forms and applying them
appropriately is key to creating a well-
organized and efficient database.
