KIPM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SUMMER INTERNSHIP
ON
VLSI DESING
SUBMITTED BY: At SUBMITTED TO:
Dipyanshu Maddheshiya
Branch- ECE (4th years) Mr. Avinash pal Sir
Roll no-2107510310013
CONTENT
• INTRTODUCTION
• WHY VLSI IS USEDs
• Vlsi design flow
• CLASSIFICATION OF Ics
• IC FABRICATION
• IC TECHNOLOGY
• CMOS vs BI-CMOS
• MOS TRANSISTOR
• n-MOS TRANSISTOR
• P- MOS TRANSISTOR
• df
INTRODUCTION TO VLSI DESIGN
• VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration.
• This is the field which involves packing more and more logic devices into smaller
and smaller areas.
• it is the process of creating an integrated circuits (IC) by combining thousands of
transistors into a single chip.
• VLSI enables the design of advanced microprocessors, memory
chips, and multifunctional electronic systems
WHY VLSI IS USED
• Physical size of device can be reduced.
• Effective cost of the devices can be
reduce.
• The operating speed of circuit is
increased.
• Requires less power Higher reliability
• Easier to design.
CLASSIFICATION OF IC:
NAME YEAR TRANSISTORS NUMBER LOGIC GATE NUMBER
Small-scale integration (SSI) 1964 1 to 10 1 to 12
Medium-scale integration (MSI) 1968 10 to 500 13 to 99
Large-scale integration (LSI) 1971 500 to 20000 100 to 9999
Very large-scale integration (VLSI) 1980 20000 to 1000000 10000 to 99999
Ultra large scale integration (ULSI) 1984 1000000 to more 100000 to more
1) Small-scale integration (SSI):
• Medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI) are a type of integrated circuit (IC) that
contains a moderate number of electronic components on a single chip
• SSI chips typically have fewer than 100 components, including 1 to 10
transistors and 1 to 12 logic gates.
2) Medium-scale integration (MSI):
• Medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI) are a type of integrated circuit (IC)
that contains a moderate number of electronic components on a single chip:
• MSI chips contain between 30 and 1,000 electronic components,
such as transistors and resistors.
3) Large-scale integration (LSI):
• Large-scale integration (LSI) is a process that involves placing thousands of transistors or other
components on a single silicon chip.
• A microprocessor is a clock-driven semiconductor device consisting of electronic
logic circuits manufactured by using a large-scale integration technique.
4) Very large-scale integration (VLSI):
• Very large scale integration (VLSI) is a technology that combines millions or
billions of transistors onto a single chip to create an integrated circuit (IC).
• VLSI is the process of creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of
transistors into a single chip
Vlsi design flow
IC fabrication process
Oxidation: Oxidation is a process which converts silicon on the wafer into
silicon dioxide
Etching: Etching is used to remove material selectively in order to create
pattern
Diffusion: Doping is done by diffusion.
• IC TECHNOLOGY
Bi-Polar-TTL, ECL
MOS TECHNOLOGY→ CMOS-N-MOS, P-MOS
Bi-CMOS(CMOS+ BJT→ FANOUT INCREASE)
GaAS
SiGe
Note: CMOS Fabrication: P-Well, N-Well, Twin-Tub, SOI
• CMOS vs BI-CMOS
CMOS BI-CMOS
Low Static Power Dissipation High Static Power Dissipation
High Input Impedance Low Input Impedance
High Package Density Low Package Density
Low Output Drive Current High Output Drive Current
Bi- Directional Uni- Directional
• MOS TRANSISTOR
• A MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor is a type of field effect
transistor (FET) that can operate in both depletion mode and enhancement
mode.
• A MOS transistor typically consists of three-terminals namely, Gate (G), Source
(S), and Drain (D).
• N-MOS TRANSISTOR
• An NMOS transistor is formed by combining a semiconductor
crystal substrate made of silicon.
• P- MOS TRANSISTOR
• A PMOS transistor, or P-channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
transistor, is a voltage-controlled switch that's a fundamental
component of electronic circuits.
THANKYOU
