UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT MECHANICAL
Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering)
Manufacturing Techniques (MET-204)
WELDING PROCESS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
4.13 TYPES OF FLAMES
Neutral flame:- 1:1 (Oxygen + Acetylene)
Used for welding low carbon structure steel, and Aluminium
Carburizing/Reducing flame
Access of acetylene as compared to oxygen
Used for High Carbon Steel and Cast iron.
Temperature is lower than Neutral Flame
Oxidizing flame
Access of Oxygen as compared to Acetylene
Hottest Flame
Used for Copper base alloys, Zinc Base alloys, Mn-Steel, Cast iron
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications
4.13 TYPES OF FLAMES
Neutral flame
1:1 (Oxygen + Acetylene)
Used for welding low carbon structure steel, and Aluminium
4.13 TYPES OF FLAMES
Oxidizing flame
Access of Oxygen as compared to Acetylene
Hottest Flame
Used for Copper base alloys, Zinc Base alloys, Mn-Steel, Cast iron
4.13 TYPES OF FLAMES
Carburizing/Reducing flame
Access of acetylene as compared to oxygen
Used for High Carbon Steel and Cast iron.
Temperature is lower than Neutral Flame
4.14 GAS CUTTING
• Ferrous metal is heated in to red hot condition and a jet of pure
oxygen is projected onto the surface, which rapidly oxidizes
• Oxides having lower melting point than the metal, melt and are
blown away by the force of the jet, to make a cut
• Fast and efficient method of cutting steel to a high degree of
accuracy
• Torch is different from welding
• Cutting torch has preheat orifice and one central orifice for
oxygen jet
4.14 GAS CUTTING
4.14 GAS CUTTING
4.14 GAS CUTTING
ADVANTAGES
1. Equipment is low cost, self- sufficient, and usually portable
2. Weld most common metals
3. Well adapted for short production runs
4. Automotive and aircraft industry, sheet metal fabrication plants, thin
small tube, small pipe
4.14 GAS CUTTING
DISADVANTAGES
1. O2 and C2H2 gases are expensive.
2. Safety problem in their handling
3. Take longer time to heat metals, so not suitable for thick section
4. Flame is not concentrated, considerable area of metal are heated and
distortion is likely to occur.
4.15 Oxy-hydrogen Welding
Oxy-hydrogen Welding
• It is a mixture of hydrogen(H2) and oxygen(O2) gases. This gaseous mixture
is used for torches to process refractory materials and was the first gaseous
mixture used for welding. Theoretically, a ratio of 2:1 hydrogen : oxygen is
enough to achieve maximum efficiency; in practice a ratio 4:1 or 5:1 is
needed to avoid an oxidizing flame.
• Applications - Forming laboratory glass, polishing plexi-glass, and melting
precious metals
FAQ
1. Define weld ability?
2. How is welding classified?
3. Name the applications of welding.
4. Name the types of gas welding.
5. What are the metals welded using neutral flame?
6. How does the flame of an oxidizing flame look?
7. Write down the methods of welding.
8. Give the applications of gas welding.
9. Give the applications of flux cored welding.
10. Name the methods of brazing.
References
• Text Books :
1. [Link], Manufacturing Technology ( Tata McGraw Hill )
2. [Link], A text book of Production Technology ( S Chand Publication )
3. [Link] , Welding Technology, Khanna Publishers
4. R.K. Rajput, Text book of Manufacturing Technology ( Laxmi Publications )
• Reference Books
1. Amitabha Ghosh &Ahsok Kumar Malik, Manufacturing Science (Affiliated East West Press Pvt.
Ltd.)
2. S. Kalpakjian & Steven R. Schmid, Manufacturing Engineering & Technology (Pearson)
THANK YOU
