Science Project
Submitted by: Arpit Kr. Shah
Submitted to: Hasmudin Sir
Topics to be covered:
• Resistance of a Resistor by Color Code Method.
Table of Content
• Introduction • Examples of Resistor Color Codes
• Definition of Resistor • Value of Resistance of Resistors
with Tolerance
• Colors and Codes of Resistor
• Conclusion
Introduction
In this project, we will learn about the resistance of
resistor by color code method. Resistance is a measure
of how much a material opposes the flow of electric
current. Resistors are devices that have a fixed or
variable resistance and are used to control the current
or voltage in a circuit. The color code method is a way
of identifying the resistance value and tolerance of a
resistor by looking at the colored bands on its body.
This method is useful because it does not require any
special equipment or calculation. We will also see some
examples of resistor color codes and how to find their
Definition of Resistor
A resistor is a device that has electrical resistance
and is used in an electric circuit for protection,
operation, or current control. Resistance is a
measure of how much a material opposes the flow of
electric current. The SI unit of resistance is the ohm
(Ω). The symbol of a resistor in a circuit diagram is
either a squiggle or a rectangle. Resistors can have
fixed or variable values, and they can be linear or
non-linear depending on how they change with
temperature and voltage. Resistors are common
elements of electrical networks and electronic
Colors and Codes of Resistor
Resistors have colored bands on their bodies to
indicate their resistance value and tolerance.
The color code method is a standard way of
identifying resistors without any special
equipment or calculation. The number of bands
can vary from three to six, depending on the
type and precision of the resistor. Each color
represents a digit, a multiplier, or a tolerance
value, as shown in the table below To read the
color code, we start from the left and note
down the digits, the multiplier, and the
Examples of Resistor Color Codes
To read the resistor color codes, we start from the left and note down
the digits, the multiplier, and the tolerance. We use the table from the
previous point to find the values. Here are some examples:
Example 1: A four-band resistor has green, blue, black, and brown. The
digits are green (5) and blue (6), the multiplier is black (x10^0), and
the tolerance is brown (±1%). The resistance is 56 x 10^0 Ω ± 1%, or
56 Ω ± 1%.
Example 2: A five-band resistor has yellow, purple, brown, red, and
gold. The digits are yellow (4), purple (7), and brown (1); the multiplier
is red (x10^2); and the tolerance is gold (±5%). The resistance is 471
Value of Resistance of Resistors with
Tolerance
The value of the resistance of a resistor is the
product of the digits and the multiplier from the
color code. For example, a resistor with brown,
black, red, and gold bands has a value of 10 x
10^2 Ω ± 5%, or 1 kΩ ± 5%. The tolerance is the
percentage of error in the resistor’s resistance. It
means that the actual resistance can vary from the
nominal value by the amount of tolerance. For
example, a resistor with a tolerance of ±5% can
have a resistance that is 5% higher or lower than
the nominal value. The lower the tolerance, the
Conclusion
In this project, we have learned about the resistance of resistors using
the color code method. We have seen how to identify the resistance
value and tolerance of a resistor by looking at the colored bands on its
body. We have also seen some examples of resistor color codes and
how to calculate their resistance values and tolerances. We have used
a multimeter to measure the resistance of isolated and combined
resistors. We have compared the experimental results with the
theoretical values and calculated the percentage errors. We have
understood the concepts of series and parallel circuits and how they
affect the equivalent resistance. We have also learned how to use a
signal generator and a universal interface to measure the current in a
