Topic : A Review on Rubberized Concrete

1 Hassan Nawaz

2 Irfan Ali

Group 3 Faizan Hassan

members
4 Mirza Shariq
Contents
• Size of rubber particles
• Replacement ratios
• Effect on workability
• Effects on Mechanical properties of concrete
• Effects on Durability of concrete
• Surface treatment methods of crumb rubber
Introduction
• Rubberized concrete is a type of concrete in which a portion of
aggregate is replaced with rubber particles, typically derived
from recycled tires.

• This review presentation contains results from more then 100 research papers.
 1 <1mm Lb. Topcu et al

2 <2mm N.N Elden et al

3 <4.75mm KA Stallings et al

Rubber 4 < 15mm A.R Khaloo et al

size

5 5-20mm S. Raffoul et al

6 <38mm NN. Elden et al

7 10-50mm Z.K Khatib et al

Replacement
Level (%)
5, 10, 15, 20
1
W.H Young et al

15 , 30 , 45
2
LB. Topcu et al

10, 20, 30, 40

3 KA.Stallings et al

25, 50, 75, 100

4 M.M Reda Taha et al

10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100

5 S.Raffoul et al
Source:
 WORKABILITY

Decrease
J.E Mills et al
Decrease Decrease Decrease
MK. Batayneh et al O. Youssf et al A.Kashani et al
Decrease
NN. Elden et al
WORKABILITY
 Conclusion

Based on the past research, we can conclude that;

• Typical size of rubber particles lies between 1mm to 4mm.

• Optimum percentage replacement level is 5%-20%.

• Workability decreases as the rubber content increases.

Mechanical Properties of
Rubberized Concrete

Insights from a Comprehensive Review

Irfan Ali | Dec 26, 2024 | MS Structural Engineering

 Hardened Mechanical Properties
 Characteristics that determine a material's behavior under various forces.

Key Mechanical Properties of Concrete.

Density Modulus of Elasticity

Compressive Strength Impact Resistance

Flexural Strength Fatigue Life

Split Tensile Strength Bond Behavior

 Density of Rubberized Concrete
Density: Lower density due to rubber's specific gravity (0.6–1.15) versus conventional aggregates (~2.65).
 Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength: Decreases due to weak interfacial bonding and low rigidity of rubber particles.

[126] D. Li et al, 2018

[132] H.L. Li et al, 2019
[82] G. Yang et al, 2019
[30] N.F. Medina et al, 2017
[27] M.K. Batayneh et al, 2008
[72] F. Aslani et al, 2020
[120] L. Chai et al, 2019
[134] G. Murali et al, 2019
[39] M.K. Ismail et al, 2016
 Flexural Strength
Flexural Strength: Decreases with rubber addition but provides higher deflection before failure.

[27] M.K. Batayneh et al, 2008

[120] L. Chai et al, 2019
[39] M.K. Ismail et al, 2016
[118] A.M. Aly et al, 2019
[127] N.M. Noor et al, 2015
[96] J. Wang et al, 2019
[29] S. Hesami et al 2016
[129] Abdelmonem et al, 2019
[26] N.N. Hilal, 2017
 Split Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength: Decreases in rubberized concrete due to reduced bonding and elasticity of rubber particles.

[51] Hesami S et al, 2016

[53] Youssf O et al, 2019
[55] Al-Tayeb MM et al, 2013
[66] Ayub T et al, 2022
 Modulus of Elasticity

Rubberized Concrete: Modulus of

elasticity decreases with increasing
rubber content.

Reason: Rubber particles act as

flexible inclusions, reducing overall
stiffness
 Impact Resistance

• Impact Resistance: Enhanced in rubberized concrete due to energy absorption by rubber.

[132] H.L. Li et al,2019

[30] N.F. Medina et al, 2017
[134] G. Murali et al, 2019
[39] M.K. Ismail et al, 2016
[118] A.M. Aly et al, 2019
[129] Abdelmonem et al, 2019
 Fatigue Life

• Importance: Indicates performance under cyclic loading.

• Rubberized concrete: Exhibits improved fatigue resistance with the increase in rubber content.

• Reason:

• Rubber concrete can absorb energy by deformation when subjected to external loads.

• Thereby absorbing the strain energy and eventually preventing the spreading of the cracks
across the whole volume.
 Bond Behavior

• Overview: Refers to the adhesive interaction between rubber particles and the cement matrix.

• Rubberized Concrete:

• Bond strength decreases with the increasing rubber content.

• Smaller particles provide better interfacial bonding due to larger surface area and improved
dispersion.

• Reason:

• Weak adherence to the cement matrix.

• lower friction with the reinforcement bar.

 Conclusion

 Rubberized concrete modifies mechanical properties of conventional concrete.

 Trade-offs exist: enhanced energy absorption vs. reduced strength.

 Ideal for lightweight, flexible, and impact-resistant structures.

Thank You!
Review of Durability Properties
of Rubberized Concrete

Faizan Hassan | MS Structural Engineering

RUBBERIZED CONCRETE: DURABILITY

WATER FREEZE AND

ABSORPTION AND THAW
PERMEABILITY RESISTANCE

CHLORIDE CORROSION
PENETRATION RESISTANCE

CARBONATION
RESISTANCE
WATER ABSORPTION AND PERMEABILITY
Rubberized Concrete: Usually, higher water absorption due to porous rubber
particles, which increases permeability.
FREEZE AND THAW RESISTANCE
Rubberized Concrete: Shows better resistance to freeze-thaw cycles due to rubber’s elastic
properties that reduce internal cracking.

Author Rubber Size (mm) Optimum w/c Freeze/thaw

(%) dose (%) resistance

Richardson et al. [70] 0.6 0.6–0.15 0.60 0.45 ✓

Richardson [34] 0.6 0.5–2.5 0.5 0.44 ✓

Pedro et al. [71] 5, 10, 15 4.75–0.15 15 ✓
Paine and Dhir [125] 2,4,6 1–5, 2–8, 5–25 4 0.5,0.45, ✓
0.40
Al-Akhras and Smadi [ 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 0.15 5 , 10 0.65 ✓
73]
Yesilata et al. [126] 10–70 4.75–0.075 50 0.45 ✓
CHLORIDE PENETRATION RESISTANCE
Rubberized Concrete: Increased permeability allows greater chloride ingress, which
may reduce durability in marine environments.
 CONCLUSION
• Rubberized concrete improves freeze-thaw resistance and reduces shrinkage.
• Limitations include lower abrasion resistance, higher water absorption, and reduced
chloride resistance.
Reference CR size CR ratio W/C Outcome
Wang et 279– 5%, 10% – Rubber particulates bond well with epoxy resin,
al. [70] 595 µm which can significantly improve the water resistance
(fine) of concrete
Wang et al. – 10%, 0.36 After 600 freeze–thaw cycles, rubber concrete
[72] 15%, 25% maintains its good mechanical properties
Hua et al. [ 0.075– – – Saturation and pore structure are two main factors
75] 3.36 mm influencing freeze–thaw damage
Richardson < 0.5 mm, 0.6% 0.44 A rubber particulate size less than 0.5 mm results in
et al. [78] 0.5– the greatest improvement in freeze–thaw cycle
2.5 mm resistance
(fine)
Gupta et 0.075– 5%, 10%, 0.35, The addition of rubber fibers reduced the air content
al. [28] 5 mm 15%, 20% 0.45, of concrete and increased the permeability resistance
(fine) 0.55 to chloride ions
Surface Treatment
Methods and Their
Effects
Presented by

MIRZA SHARIQ
Surface Treatment Methods of Rubber
10% NaOH solution A. Kashani et,al 2018

Treatment with H2O2 O. Youssf, et,al 2019

Treatment with CaCl2 O. Youssf et,al 2019

Treatment with KMNO4 & NaHSO4 Y. Zhuge et,al 2019

Coating of rubber particles with cement Kashani et,al 2018

Ultraviolet (UV) – A radiation violet A. Alawais 2019

Saturated Ca(OH)2 solution J.E. Mills et,al 2019

Treatment with gamma radiation E.S. Herrera et,al 2014

Surface Treatment Methods of Rubber
Coating with Silica fume T.D.Ngoet,al 2018

95% H2SO4 for 1min R.P. West 2019

Treatment with SCA H.Su et,al 2019

Treatment with CS2 Emaan Yeela,al 2019

32% acetic acid solution M.C. Pacheco 2015

Mortar coating M.R. Hall et,al 2013

Polyvinyl alcohol treatment M. Hashish et,al 2007

1 mol H2SO4 solution C.K. Leung et,al 2012

Surface Treatment Methods of Rubber

Purpose

• To increase the roughness of rubber surface.

• To improves the interfacial transition zone (ITZ).

Strength Relative to control Mix
Mortar coating 85.3 % compressive strength K.B. Najim et,al 2013

Cement paste coating 70.5% compressive strength M.R. Hall et,al 2013

Polyvinyl alcohol treatment 84.8% compressive strength M. Balaha 2007

Soaking in saturated NaOH 82.2 % compressive strength B. Muñoz 2018

24 hr. water soaking 70.3% compressive strength H. Khabbaz et,al 2015

NaOH + CSBR latex + SCA 89.5% compressive strength G. Li et,al 2015

Rubber heat treatment–1 hr 81.7% compressive strength Abd-Elaal et,al 2019

32% H2SO4 solution 80.1% compressive strength B. Muñoz-Sánchez et,al 2019

Strength Relative to control Mix
5% CH3COOH solution 103 % Flexure strength A.I. Abdulla et,al 2011

Saturated Ca(OH)2 solution 104% Flexure strength M.C. Pacheco 2017

Partial oxidation @ 250 °C 101.7% Flexure strength L.-H. Chou 2010

32% Sulfuric acid solution 110% Flexure strength Arévalo et,al 2018

Pre-coating with cement paste 104% tensile strength M.C. Pacheco 2017

Silane coupling agent treatment* 101.7% tensile strength C. Albano et,al 2005

Pre-coating with cement mortar 120% tensile strength K.B. Najim et,al 2013

NaOH Treatment* 160% tensile strength C. Albano et,al 2009

Strength Relative to Un-treated Mix
Effect on Workability of Concrete
Soaking of rubber particles Increases workability K. Vassals 2014

Treatment with acrylic acid Increases workability H. Zhang 2014

10% H2SO4 for 120 min Increases workability A. Kashani 2017

Ultraviolet (UV) – A radiation Increases workability A. Alawais 2019

Saturated Ca(OH)2 solution Decreases workability Sánchez 2017

10% NaOH for 120 min . Decreases workability O.

Youssf 2019

Treatment with CaCl2 Decreases workability J.E. Mills 2019

Coating of rubber particles with silica fume Decreases workability T.D. Ngo 2018
Conclusions

• Treatment methods like acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol UV-A radiation also proved to be very
helpful in improving the workability of the rubber concrete mix

• All other treatments like, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 CaCl2, KMnO4 in many studies do not provide any
improvement in workability of the rubber concrete.

• All these treatment methods results in an increase in the mechanical properties of rubber concrete.
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• G. Murali, L. Poka, K. Parthiban, M.K. Haridharan, A. Siva, Impact response of novel fibre-reinforced grouted aggregate rubberized concrete,
Arabian J Sci Eng, 44 (2019), pp. 8451-8463
• A. Abdelmonem, M.S. El-Feky, E.S.A.R. Nasr, M. Kohail, Performance of high strength concrete containing recycled rubber, Constr Build Mater,
227 (2019), p. 116660
• N.M. Noor, H. Hamada, Y. Sagawa, D. Yamamoto, Effect of crumb rubber on concrete strength and chloride ion penetration resistance, J Teknol, 77
(2015), pp. 171-178
• A.M. Aly, M.S. El-Feky, M. Kohail, E.S.A.R. Nasr, Performance of geopolymer concrete containing recycled rubber, Constr Build Mater, 207
(2019), pp. 136-144
• J. Wang, Q. Dai, R. Si, S. Guo, Mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of macro synthetic polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced rubber
concrete, J Clean Prod, 234 (2019), pp. 1351-1364
• S. Hesami, I. Salehi Hikouei, S.A.A. Emadi, Mechanical behavior of self-compacting concrete pavements incorporating recycled tire rubber crumb
and reinforced with polypropylene fiber, J Clean Prod, 133 (2016), pp. 228-234
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191-206