Historical

Antecedents in the
Course of S&T
 Learning
Objectives
Discuss the interactions between
01
S&T and society throughout history.

Discuss how scientific and

02 technological developments affect
society and the environment.
 STS
• Scientific knowledge and technology
influence individuals and society.

• Technology plays an important part in

producing products that affect the
quality of life.

• Better understanding of science and

technology is essential to know the
unique attributes of each enterprise,
then addressing their implications for
society.
 Introduction to STS
• interdisciplinary field that studies
the conditions under which the
production, distribution, and
utilization of scientific knowledge,
and technological systems occur

Gender • examines and reflects on science

Reversal
Technology by
and technology's impacts on the
Rafael global village economically,
Guerrero to politically, socially, and
solve tilapia environmentally
overpopulatio
n
 Introduction to STS
• opportunity to compare science,
technology, and society with each
other and to appreciate how
science and technology contribute
to the latest
Kevin Ashton put a RFID knowledge/information
tag on lipstick and have
them communicate with a
construction
radio receiver to track
sales.
 Introduction to STS
• identifying potential problems,
collecting data with regard to the
problem, considering alternative
solutions, and considering the
consequences based on a
particular decisions
Assessing the environmental
impact of the Dolomite beach
 HISTORY

ANCIENT MIDDLE MODERN

concerned with steady increase of new increase demand for faster
transportation and inventions, introduction of production of goods and
navigation, communication innovations in traditional more efficient means of
and record-keeping, mass production, and emergence transportation; faster and
production, safety and of scientific thinking and easier means to
protection, as well as method communicate and compute
architecture
 • the start of early civilization that also
ANCIENT gave rise to the major advancement of
science and technology.
PERIOD
• allowed the civilization to flourish
through establishing better ways of
transportation and navigation,
communication and record keeping,
mass production, security and
protection, as well as health, aesthetics,
architecture, and of living in general.
 CUNEIFORM
• the invention of the first writing
system is one of the Sumerians' main
contributions.
• a device that makes use of word
representations and triangular
symbols carved on clay using wedge
instruments and left to dry
• enabled the Sumerians to keep
records of historically important
items, or their daily lives

Image Source: Khan Academy

ANCIENT
 ANCIENT WHEEL
• the Sumerians have been able to
invent the wheel in the latter part of
their history, as the advanced tools
required to build it were already
available
• the first wheels were not designed
for transport but mass
manufacturing and pottery with the
use of the wheel and axle
• farmers managed to mill grain in less
time with less effort

ANCIENT
 HIEROGLYPHICS
• writing system that used symbols
established by the Egyptians
• a language which tells the modern
world of the ancient Egyptians'
history and culture
• well-preserved as they were carved
at pyramid walls and other
important structures of Egyptians
• some claim that hieroglyphics were
adapted from the early writing
Image Source: Khan Academy system that was formed by
Mesopotamia as a result of trade
ANCIENT between civilization
 PAPER OF PAPYRUS
• Egyptian discovery of paper or
papyrus
• papyrus - a plant in Egypt that grew
abundantly along the river Nile
• they were able to process the plant
to create thin sheets that one could
write stuff down on
• papyrus was lighter and thinner than
clay tablets, and the carrying and
storage were simple
Image Source: [Link]

ANCIENT
 WATERMILLS
• considered one of the greatest
contributions of the Greek civilization
to the world
• widely used in agricultural processes
such as the milling of grains and
made mass production of grains,
cereals, flours, and the like
possible
• less effort and time for farmers than
animal-powered mills as it only
required access to rivers or flowing
water where a large wheel
mechanism could be installed with
ANCIENT small "buckets" of water attached to
it
 NEWSPAPER
• one of the Romans' greatest
contributions is newspaper
• the first articles, known as gazettes,
published people's reports of the
Roman Empire.
• gazettes, made before the
invention of paper, were etched in
metal or stone tablets and then
displayed in public
• when paper was invented, it
became easier for the Romans to
"publish" matters which required
ANCIENT the Roman 's attention
 SHADOOF
• hand-operated device used for lifting
water
• was an early tool invented and used
by ancient Egyptians
• its invention introduced the idea of
lifting things using counter weights

ANCIENT
 ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM
• used to predict astronomical position
(position of planets, position of sun
and moons, etc.) and eclipses for
calendar and astrological purposes

ANCIENT
 AELIOPILE
• “wind ball”

• a steamed powered turbine which

spun when the water container at its
center was heated, thus making it
practically the first rudimentary
steam engine

ANCIENT
 • the start of the Middle Ages was marred
MIDDLE by massive invasions and migrations;
wars were prevalent during this time
AGE
• great technology was needed in the
fields of weaponry, navigation, food and
farm production, and health
 PRINTING PRESS
• Johann Gutenberg managed to invent
the printing press after the Chinese
invented woodblock printing, a more
efficient method of printing using a
cast type
• used wooden machines which
extracted fruit juices, attached a
metal impression of letters to
them, pressed the cast metal firmly
into a piece of paper, and then made
an exact impression on the paper

MIDDLE AGE
 HEAVY PLOUGH

• developed to cut a long soil slice and

turn it upside down, burying the
surface residue, conserving moisture,
aerating the soil and killing weeds.
• the invention of heavy plough
resulted to the rapid agriculture and
economic prosperity in Europe

MIDDLE AGE
 MISCROSCOPE
• in earlier years, Zacharias Janssen
was able to create the first
compound microscope, led by the
principles used for the invention of
eyeglasses.
• nowadays, the microscope is used in
many scientific studies in the areas
of medicine, forensics, genetics, and
related fields

MIDDLE AGE
 TELESCOPE
• Given the vast and barren oceans
that divided the countries, it was
important for ship captains to see far
and wide for them to navigate or
escape danger at sea.
• The telescope's invention, an optical
instrument that helps to view
distant objects, has been of great
benefit to navigators
• the invention and development of
telescope enables science and the
society to study other planets and
celestial bodies
MIDDLE AGE
 WAR WEAPON (GUN
POWDER)
• Since wars during the Middle Ages
were widespread, there was also
great progress in the technology of
guns.
• Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemists
accidentally invented the gunpowder.
• The invention of gunpowder has
allowed advanced warfare such as
fiery arrows, cannons, and grenades.

MIDDLE AGE
 MECHANICAL CLOCK
• The development of mechanical
clock helped the people in accurately
keeping the track of time.
• The sophistication of clockwork
technology drastically changed the
way of spending the day and work
patterns were established.

MIDDLE AGE
 PAPER MONEY
• Paper money was first used by
Chinese in 17th century.
• Before the introduction of paper
money, merchants and traders used
precious metals such as gold and
silver.
• Using paper money brought
advantages because it is easier to
keep and transport.

MIDDLE AGE
 • The booming world population
MODERN during the nineteenth century
onwards demanded that more
AGE goods be produced at faster
rate.

• People needed efficient means of

transportation to trade more
goods and cover a larger
distance. Machines that require
animals to operate must thus be
upgraded.
 PATEURIZATION
• With dairy products, particularly
milk, the challenge to keep
processed food from rotting was
greater because they typically
spoiled faster.
• French biologist, microbiologist,
and chemist Louis Pasteur
developed pasteurization, the
method of heating dairy products to
destroy harmful bacteria, which helps
them to spoil more easily

MODERN AGE
 PETROLEUM REFINERY
• Animal oils production could not
keep up with the demand.
• In the face of this problem, kerosene
was invented by Samuel M. Kier by
refining petroleum.
• The petroleum refinery industry was
founded with kerosene production
(Skrabec, 2010).
• Petroleum currently is widely used,
among others, in powering
automobiles, factories, and power
plants.
MODERN AGE
 TELEPHONE
• The more people got acquainted
through trade and discovery, the
more they wanted a way to keep
these links securely and
communicate with each other in real-
time.
• Governments also required some
form of communication system that
would enable them to better
administer their states.
• Alexander Graham Bell's telephone
development was one of the most
significant developments at the time.
MODERN AGE
 CALCULATOR
• Calculators had already been built,
and circumstances in modern times
demanded a quicker way of
calculating more complex equations
and something that could be easily
handled.
• The invention of modern calculators
not only paved the way for simpler
arithmetical calculations but also
created more complicated processing
machines.

MODERN AGE
 ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANE
• Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright are
credited for designing and
successfully operating the first
engine-powered aircraft.
• Their pioneering success marked an
age of powered flights and paved
the way for modern aircraft
technology

MODERN AGE
Keypoint
One of STS’ main objectives is to
examine the impacts of the
scientific and technological
advances throughout history on
the dominant cultural, political,
and economic contexts.
Question
If you were an inventor, what
would you invent (something you
think will be possible) and why or
explain the effect or impact it will
have to the society.
GROUP ACTIVITY – S&T in the Philippines
1. With your group, RESEARCH/REVIEW the history of science and
technology in the Philippines and CREATE a timeline (infographic)
highlighting the major discoveries and developments in science.
2. Identify and decide with your group 10 scientific discoveries and
developments from 1500 (16th century) up to the present that you think
have made an impact or transformed society.
3. For each event in your timeline, write the following about each discovery
or development:
• Date
• Name and Summary of description
• Proponent/advocate or inventor
• Way(s) how it transformed the society or its impact/contribution
to the society
4. Do not just copy-paste information from the internet. Make sure to verify
and cite your sources properly.
5. Present your output in our next meeting.
GROUP ACTIVITY – S&T in the Philippines
RUBRIC for GRADING

• QUALITY OF CONTENT (5 pts. each) 50 pts.

• Presented complete and accurate information
• REFLECTIVE (3 pts. each) 30 pts.

• Clearly explained how the discovery or invention

made an impact on society
• PRESENTATION 20 pts.
• Organization and readability of information are clear
• Credible sources are cited