Chapter – 8
Motion
Textual Exercise
Question 1:
An athlete completes one round of a circular track of
diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered
and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?
Answer:
Displacement after 3.5 rounds = diameter of the track = 200 m
Question 2:
Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight
300 m road in 2 minutes 30 seconds and then turns around
and jogs 100 m back to point C in another 1 minute. What are
Joseph’s average speeds and velocities in jogging (a) from A
to B and (b) from A to C?
ANSWER:
(a) 2 m/s, 2 m/s (b) 1.90 m/s, 0.95 m/s
(a) From end A to end B
Distance covered by Joseph while jogging from A to B = 300 m
Time taken to cover that distance = 2 min 30 seconds = 150 s
Total distance covered = 300 m
Total time taken = 150 s
Average speed = 300 = 2 m/s
150
Displacement = shortest distance between A and B = 300 m
Time interval = 150 s
Average velocity = 300 = 2 m/s
150
The average speed and average velocity of Joseph from A to B are the
same and equal to 2 m/s.
(b) From end A to end C
Total distance covered = Distance from A to B + Distance from B to C
= 300 + 100 = 400 m
Total time taken = Time taken to travel from A to B + Time taken to
travel from B to C
= 150 + 60 = 210 s
Average speed = 400 = 1.90 m/s
210
Displacement from A to C = AC = AB – BC = 300 – 100 = 200 m
Time interval = Time taken to travel from A to B + Time taken to travel
from B to C
= 150 + 60 = 210 s
Average velocity = 200 = 0.95 m/s
210
The average speed of Joseph from A to C is 1.90 m/s and his average
velocity is 0.95 m/s.
Question 3:
Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average
speed for his trip to be 20 km h−1. On his return trip
along the same route, there is less traffic and the
average speed is 30 km h−1. What is the average
speed for Abdul’s trip?
Answer: Let the school be at a distance of x km. If t is time taken to reach the
school, then
Question 4:
A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight
line at a constant rate of 3.0 m s−2 for 8.0 s. How far does the
boat travel during this time?
ANSWER:
Initial velocity, u = 0 (since the motor boat is initially at rest)
Acceleration of the motorboat, a = 3 m/s2
Time taken, t = 8 s
According to the second equation of motion:
Distance covered by the motorboat, s
Hence, the boat travels a distance of 96 m.
Question 5:
A driver of a car travelling at 52 km h−1 applies the brakes and
accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops
in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km h−1 in another car applies
his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper,
plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of
the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?
ANSWER:
Case A:
Initial speed of the car, u1 = 52 km/h = 14.4 m/s
Time taken to stop the car, t1 = 5 s
Final speed of the car becomes zero after 5 s of application of brakes.
Case B:
Initial speed of the car, u2 = 3 km/h = 0.833 m/s ≅ 0.83 m/s
Time taken to stop the car, t2 = 10 s
Final speed of the car becomes zero after 10 s of application of brakes.
Plot of the two cars on a speed−time graph is shown in the following
figure:
Distance covered by each car is equal to the area under the speed−time graph.
Distance covered in case A,
Distance covered in case B,
Area of ΔOPR > Area of ΔOSQ
Thus, the distance covered in case A is greater than the distance covered in
case B.
Hence, the car travelling with a speed of 52 km/h travels farther after brakes
were applied.
Question 6:
Fig 8.11 shows the distance-time graph of three objects
A, B and C. Study the graph and answer the following
questions:
(a) Which of the three is travelling the fastest?
(b) Are all three ever at the same point on the road?
(c) How far has C travelled when B passes A?
(d)How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?
(a)
∴Speed = slope of the graph
Since slope of object B is greater than objects A and C, it is travelling the
fastest.
(b) All three objects A, B and C never meet at a single point. Thus, they were
never at the same point on road.
(c)
On the distance axis:
7 small boxes = 4 km
∴1 small box
Initially, object C is 4 blocks away from the origin.
∴Initial distance of object C from origin=
Distance of object C from origin when B passes A = 8 km
Distance covered by C
Hence, C has travelled a distance of 5.714 km when B passes A
(d)
Distance covered by B at the time it passes C = 9 boxes
Hence, B has travelled a distance of 5.143 km when B passes A.
ANSWER:
(A)OBJECT B
(B)NO
(C)5.714 KM
(D)5.143 KM
Question 7:
A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity
increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m s−2, with what velocity
will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the
ground?
ANSWER:
Distance covered by the ball, s = 20 m
Acceleration, a = 10 m/s2
Initially, velocity, u = 0 (since the ball was initially at rest)
Final velocity of the ball with which it strikes the ground, v
According to the third equation of motion:
v2 = u2 + 2 as
v2 = 0 + 2 (10) (20)
v = 20 m/s
According to the first equation of motion:
v = u + at
Where,
Time, t taken by the ball to strike the ground is,
20 = 0 + 10 (t)
t=2s
Hence, the ball strikes the ground after 2 s with a velocity of 20 m/s.
Question 8:
The speed-time graph for a car is shown is Fig. 8.12.
Fig. 8.12
(a) Find out how far the car travels in the first 4 seconds.
Shade the area on the graph that represents the distance
travelled by the car during the period.
(b) Which part of the graph represents uniform motion of
the car?
ANSWER:
(a)
The shaded area which is equal to represents the distance
travelled by the car in the first 4 s.
(b) The part of the graph in red colour between time 6 s to 10 s represents
uniform motion of the car.
Question 9:
State which of the following situations are possible and
give an example for each of these:
(a) an object with a constant acceleration but with zero
velocity.
(b) an object moving with an acceleration but with
uniform speed.
(c) an object moving in a certain direction with an
acceleration in the perpendicular direction.
ANSWER:
(a) Possible
When a ball is thrown up, at the highest point, it has zero velocity,
although it will have constant acceleration due to gravity, which is equal
to 9.8 m/s2.
(b) Possible
When a car is moving in a circular track with constant speed, it is
accelerating due to change in direction of motion.
(c) Possible
A car is moving in a circular track, its acceleration is perpendicular
to the direction of motion.
Question 10:
An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of
radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed if it takes 24 hours
to revolve around the earth.
ANSWER:
Radius of the orbit = 42250 km
= 42250 × 1000 m Time taken for one revolution = 24 hours
= 24 × 60 × 60 s
