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Earth's Interior Composition Explained

The Earth's interior is composed of four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, each with distinct chemical compositions and physical states. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic types, while the mantle is primarily made of silicate minerals and allows for tectonic movement. The core consists of a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer, primarily made of iron and nickel, with the outer core generating the Earth's magnetic field.

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39 views17 pages

Earth's Interior Composition Explained

The Earth's interior is composed of four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, each with distinct chemical compositions and physical states. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic types, while the mantle is primarily made of silicate minerals and allows for tectonic movement. The core consists of a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer, primarily made of iron and nickel, with the outer core generating the Earth's magnetic field.

Uploaded by

edvhienmariep
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE COMPOSITION

OF THE EARTH'S
INTERIOR
•The structure of the earth is
divided into four major
components: the crust, the mantle,
the outer core, and the inner core.
Each layer has a unique chemical
composition, physical state, and
can impact life on Earth's surface.
CRUST
• The Earth's crust is the thinnest and the
outermost layer of the Earth that extends
from the surface to about 32 kilometers
below Underneath some mountains the
crust's thickness extends to 72 kilometers.
The Earth's crust, is subdivided into two
regions: the continental crist and the
oceanic crust.
CONTENTAL CRUST
• Thickness: Ranges from about 35 to
40 kilometers.
• Composition: Mainly composed of
less dense rocks like granite, which
are rich in silica and aluminum.
• Features: Includes mountain
ranges, plains, and valleys, and is
characterized by a diverse range of
geological features.
OCEANIC CRUST
• Thickness: Usually about 7 to 10
kilometers thick.
• Composition: Primarily composed
of denser basaltic rocks, which are
rich in iron and magnesium.
• Features: This crust is continually
formed at mid-ocean ridges and
recycled into the mantle at
subduction zones.
Element Percentage
Oxegen 46.60
Silicon 27.72
Aluminum 8.13
Iron 5.00
Calcium 3.63
Sodium 2.83
Potassium 2.59
Magnesium 2.09
Titanium 0.40
Hydrogen 0.14
MANTLE

• The mantle is the thickest layer of


the Earth, making up about 80% of
its total volume. It extends from the
base of the crust down to about
2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles)
deep.
• Composition: Composed of silicate
minerals that are rich in iron,
magnesium, and other elements.
UPPER MANTLE
• Partially molten and allows for
convection currents, which drive
plate tectonics. The asthenosphere,
a region within the upper mantle, is
semi-fluid, allowing tectonic plates
to move.
LOWER MANTLE
• More rigid and extends down to the outer
core, comprising denser silicate minerals
under high pressure.
THE CORE
• The core is subdivided into two layers: the
inner and the outer core.
OUTER CORE
• The outer core is 2900 kilometers below the Earth's
surface
• The outer core lies beneath the mantle and is about
2,250 kilometers thick.
• Composition: Composed primarily of liquid iron and
nickel, along with lighter elements such as sulfur and
oxygen.
• Characteristics: The flow of the liquid outer core
generates the Earth’s magnetic field through the
dynamo effect. The temperature in this layer ranges
from about 2,000 degrees Celsius at this very high
temperature,iron and nickel melt.
INNER CORE
• The inner core is the Earth's innermost layer, extending from
about 5,100 kilometers (3,200 miles) to the center of the
Earth, which is about 6,371 kilometers (3,959 miles) deep.
• Composition: Composed primarily of solid iron and nickel,
along with some lighter elements. The pressure is so
immense that it remains solid despite the high temperatures,
estimated to be around 5,000 to 7,000 degrees Celsius (9,032
to 12,632 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Characteristics: The inner core is thought to rotate at a
slightly different rate compared to the rest of the Earth,
contributing to the complexities of the magnetic field .
That's all, bye

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