ETHICS

IS THE SCIENCE OF CUSTOMS OR HABITS OF A SOCIETY.

Q?- WHICH SOCIETY?

IS IT ISLAMIC CENTRIC SOCIETY

OR
EURO CENTRIC SOCIETY
OR
OTHERS ETHNICAL, SOCIAL OR RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES
 HOW HABITS AND CUSTOMS ARE DEVELOPED?
• WATCH YOUR THOUGHTS, BECAUSE THEY BECOME YOUR WORDS

• WATCH YOUR WORDS, BECAUSE THEY BECOME YOUR ACTIONS.

• WATCH YOUR ACTIONS, BECAUSE THEY BECOME YOUR HABITS.

• WATCH YOUR HABITS BECAUSE THEY BECOME YOUR CHARACTER.

• WATCH YOUR CHARACTER BECAUSE THEY BECOME YOUR DESTINY.

 WHAT IS ETHICS
1. Derived from the Greek word “ethos”, which means “way of
living”.
2. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with
human conduct, more specifically the behaviour of
individuals in society.
3. Ethics examines the rational? justification for our moral
judgments; it studies what is morally? right? or wrong?, just
or unjust (Q is - what is the criteria for all these factors).
4. In a broader sense, ethics reflects on human beings and their
interaction with nature and with other humans, on freedom,
on responsibility and on justice.
WHAT IS ETHICS

THESE ARE
UNIVERSAL
PRINCIPLES
OF ETHICS
What are ethics? (CA)
Derived from the Greek word “ethos”, which means “way of living”, ethics is a branch of
philosophy that is concerned with human conduct, more specifically the behaviour of individuals
in society. Ethics examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is
morally right or wrong, just or unjust???????
In a broader sense, ethics reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with
other humans, on freedom, on responsibility and on justice.
It can be said that in general, ethics is concerned with human independence when it focuses on
the relationship that exists between humans and the world. This independence is the primary
condition in ethical decision-making and in any objective analysis of the facts. Individuals
demonstrate independence when, in a decision-making process, they choose to free themselves as
much as possible from their conditioning.
Insofar as this operation assumes a degree of lucidity that allows us to judge
objectively and to decide what direction to take, it will be understood that making
ethical decisions is difficult. This concept of ethics obviously has consequences for an
organization that any discussion of ethics must be part of an effort to humanize
(protect human rights in) the public service, and that this effort inevitably means
giving individuals greater independence.
That is one of the essential principles in the operation of moving from a vertical public
administration, where rules are imposed, to a horizontal decision-making structure
that leaves more room for judgment and accountability on the part of public servants.
vertical public administration:????
horizontal decision-making structure:????
What are applied ethics?
Applied ethics are the practice of ethics, in particular the philosophy of language that aims to guide
the moral judgment governing the decisions we make in all areas of our lives. Applied ethics pre-
supposes language because it depends on dialogue to attain this objective.
 Applied ethics are an educational practice:
o It aims to accelerate the awareness process and to accompany the exercise of judgment,
because “moral judgment cannot be learned; it must be cultivated”.
 Applied ethics are a political practice:
o It seeks to establish optimum conditions for exercising moral judgment. Applied ethics are a
political practice because it is “concerned with the common good”.
 Applied ethics are a philosophical practice:
o It aims to develop systematic, creative criticism based on meditation on human
excellence.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHICS (CUSTOMS AND HABITS)
1. Logical or nonlogical
2. Right Or Wrong
3. Just Or Unjust
4. Fair Or Unfair
5. Good Or Bad
Note 1: Personal view and society / organization view differ on these parameters
Note 2: Most of these characteristics are Subjectivity, Textual and Overlapping
Note 3: Ethics are applicable to all facets of individual, group of people and
organizational life (related to fields of psychology, sociology and organization
behaviors)
WHAT ALL INCLUDED IN ETHICS ?
ETHICS APPLIES TO THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG PEOPLE
CODE OF ETHICS ARE PARTS OF NORMAL RULES /
REGULARIZATIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION AND ARE PUBLISHED
What is ethics in short answer?
First, ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that
prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations,
benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.

What is ethics ?
Ethics, branch of philosophy that seeks to determine the correct application of
moral notions such as good and bad and right and wrong or a theory of the
application or nature of such notions.
 FIELDS OF ETHICS
Theoretical and Applied Ethics
There are two main types of ethical inquiry: Theoretical ethics and applied ethics.
Theoretical ethics is concerned with understanding the nature of ethics, ethical
language and ethical reasoning.
Applied ethics is a branch of ethics devoted to the treatment of moral problems,
practices, and policies in personal life, professions, technology, and government

What are the Fundamental principles of ethics?

1. Beneficence, 2. nonmaleficence, 3. autonomy, and 4. justice
The first 2 can be traced back to the time of Hippocrates “to help and do no
harm,” while the latter 2 evolved later
 TYPES OF ETHICS
1.normative ethics, that branch of moral philosophy, or ethics,
concerned with criteria of what is morally right and wrong. It
includes the formulation of moral rules that have direct implications
for what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like.
2.Metaethics is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the
status, foundations, and scope of moral values, properties, and words.
Whereas the fields of applied ethics and normative theory focus on
what is moral, metaethics focuses on what morality itself is.
3. Applied ethics is a branch of ethics devoted to the treatment of
moral problems, practices, and policies in personal life, professions,
technology, and government
TYPES OF ETHICS

TYPES OF
ETHICS
TYPES OF ETHICS
TYPES OF TRANSFORMATIVE ETHICS
 ETHICS, MORALE AND VALUES

What is difference between ethics and morals?

Both ethics and morals refer to “right” and “wrong” behaviors
and conduct. While they are sometimes used interchangeably,
these words are different: ethics refer to rules provided by an
external source, such as a code of conduct in the
workplace. Morals refer to an individual's principles regarding
right and wrong.
What is the difference between ethics and morality?

Ethics are a formal system of beliefs that guide our behaviour,

while morality is more personal and can vary from individual to
individual.

Ethics are usually based on logical reasoning and a shared set of values,
while morality is often based on gut instinct or religious beliefs
What is difference between ethics and moral?
While they're closely related concepts, morals refer mainly to guiding principles, and
ethics refer to specific rules and actions, or behaviors. explain the subtle differences
between morals and ethics, how they overlap, and whether something can be moral
but not ethical, and vice versa.18-Aug-2022

What is the difference between ethics and values?

Ethics refers to the guidelines for conduct, that address questions of morality.
Value provides the principles and ideals upon which judgement is made of what is
more important.
 What are the 7 human values?
Human Values are aspects of life that are important to individuals in their daily lives. These
values can be both abstract and concrete, and they can include:
love, joy, truth, peace, justice, beauty, and freedom.

What are the 8 universal human values?

Universalism: broadmindedness; wisdom; social justice; equality; a world at peace; a world of
beauty; unity with nature; protecting the environment; inner harmony.

What are 9 universal human values explain?

The participation of human being pertaining to behaviour are the nine values in relationship,
viz. trust, respect, affection, care, guidance, reverence, glory, gratitude and love. Likewise,
working with material things, we have two values: utility value and artistic value.
 Who is the mother of ethics?
For aesthetics is the mother of ethics:'2. Many philosophers of art have struggled to
convince others that aesthetics and ethics are connected; some of us have gone so far
as to claim that aesthetic and ethical values are, at least sometimes, equally
important and serious.
Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the
nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art.
Who is the father of modern ethics?
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the German philosopher, is considered as the father of
modern ethics and one of the great philosophers in the history of philosophy. He
wanted to establish a firm foundation for moral philosophy.