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Captive vs Outsourcing Strategies

Chapter 4 discusses purchasing and supply policies, focusing on strategic sourcing and outsourcing processes. It outlines the reasons organizations may choose to outsource activities, the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing, and the phases involved in the outsourcing process. Additionally, it covers supply policies and strategies, including supplier selection, supply base optimization, and environmental considerations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
30 views21 pages

Captive vs Outsourcing Strategies

Chapter 4 discusses purchasing and supply policies, focusing on strategic sourcing and outsourcing processes. It outlines the reasons organizations may choose to outsource activities, the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing, and the phases involved in the outsourcing process. Additionally, it covers supply policies and strategies, including supplier selection, supply base optimization, and environmental considerations.

Uploaded by

ksf5qpfxkb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 4

PURCHASING AND SUPPLY POLICIES AND STRATEGIES


LEARNING OUTCOME
• Define strategic sourcing
• Explain the strategic sourcing process
• Explain why organisations wish to outsource certain activities
• Outline the outsourcing process
• Discuss the most important purchasing and supply policies and
strategies
The process of strategic sourcing
• Strategic plan and the team
• Understand the spend
• Conduct supply market research
• Develop a commodity strategy
Routine
Leverage
Bottle neck
critical
Cont’d
• Select the supplier and negotiate the contract
• Evaluate suppliers and manage relationships
OUTSOURCING: TO MAKE OR TO
BUY
• The outsourcing( buying) or insourcing( producing internally) decision
depends on circumstances. The following favors buying requirements
or outsourcing:
• When the organisation has a strong buying corps that it is able to buy
efficiently
• When inadequate facilities exist
• Staff knowledge and skills are inadequate
• When demand for a product is relatively small
• Cheaper to buy than to make
Cont’d
• Circumstances favorable for making the product:
• When it costs the organisation less to produce the product
• When no or only a few reliable suppliers exist
• When there is capacity available for use
• When the organisation’s quality requirements are so stringent that
the supplier cannot meet them.
• For competitive reasons
Terminology
• Outsourcing- ongoing use of an external party instead of an internal
resource, which may include the production of a single operation,
product line, product design, or many other functions.
• Partial outsourcing/ co-sourcing-partial outsourcing of functions or
activities
• Turnkey outsourcing-the responsibilities for the execution of the
entire outsourced functions lie with the external provider.
• Vertical disintegration- it is concerned with the decision of whether to
perform an activity internally or source it outside
Cont’d
• Offshoring- is the commissioning of work previously done in-house.
Rationale of outsourcing
• Trends:
• To make an organisation leaner with a focus on core activities
• Narrowing supply base
• Pressure to be internationally competitive
• Specialising in a limited number of products
• Emphasis on quality, delivery times, and technology
• Lack of skills, knowledge, and capacity in a certain organisation
• Pressure on organisation to deliver excellent customer service
disadvantages
• Loss of control and skills
• Loss of service provider focus
• Lack of clarity
• Lack of cost control
• Ineffective management
• Loss of confidentiality
• Double outsourcing
The outsourcing process
• 1 The strategic phase
• Why- focus on core competencies
• What- the reason for outsourcing
• To whom- refers to selecting the right supplier that will perform the
services
• Competency-based outsourcing
• If the org is more competent in performing an activity
• *may decide to keep the activity in-house
• Outsource the activity to the most competent external source
Cont’d
• If external source is more competent
• Management might invest resources to enable the organisation to
improve
• Outsource core activity that does not give competitive advantage
• Cost-based outsourcing
• All possible costs for both options (make or buy) need to be analysed
Cont’d
• 2 Transitional phase
• Contract is negotiated
• Project is executed and transfer is made
• SLA should be drawn, and it usually contains:
• Scope
• Period of the contract
• Fees, rates, incentives
• Termination plan
• Agreement for conflict resolution
Cont’d
• Communication plan
• Control of contract
• Warranties, confidentiality and transfer of assets

• Project management approach


Cont’d
• 3 The operational phase
• Managing of relationship between the customer and the supplier
• Successful outsourcing relationship should be performance driven
• Contract review process should be a recurring one
SUPPLY POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
• Policy issues regarding purchasing and supply
• 1) local, national or international suppliers
• Overseas suppliers advantage and disadvantage
• Local or nearby suppliers advantages and disadvantages
• Large national suppliers
Cont’d
• 2) purchasing from a distributor or manufacturer
• Advantages of purchasing from a distributor
• Specialised product knowledge
• Wider choice of style, quality, colour etc
• Shorter lead times and after sales services
• System contract can be entered into to reduce stockholding and
administration
3 supply base optimisation
• It is the process of identifying how many and which suppliers will be
maintained
• Benefits of using 1 or limited number of suppliers
• Successful relationship has been built over the years
• Supplier has patent rights
• Supplier offers outstanding quality
• Bigger discounts
• Organisation is using JIT
Cont’d
• Benefits of using more suppliers
• Buying strategic products- reduces the risk of disruption
• Long term relationships may be established
• Supplier does not have sufficient capacity

• 4 Size of suppliers
• Depends on the size of purchasing org
• Small businesses often supply to local market
• Large org suitable for large volumes
5) Supplier development
• Three ways an organisation may be involved:
• Purchases from BBBEE suppliers
• Product or service not available
• Normal performance appraisal

• 6) Reciprocity
• I buy from you because you buy from me
• 7) Captive suppliers
• Purchasing organisation buys more than half of supplier’s production

• 8) Environmental protection
• Three main aspects concerning the environment namely supplier’s
mission, supporting policy and measure to protect the environment
during manufacturing of products

Common questions

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The selection of the right suppliers is critical as it establishes the foundation for a successful outsourcing relationship. Efficient supplier selection can enhance supply chain efficiency by ensuring quality, meeting delivery times, and leveraging specialized expertise . Strong supplier relationships are fostered through careful assessment and negotiation, leading to performance-driven contracts that optimize costs and operational effectiveness .

Managing a successful outsourcing relationship involves performance-driven management, regular contract reviews, and effective communication plans . Challenges include ensuring clarity in scope and expectations, maintaining control over costs, managing cultural differences, and aligning institutional goals with those of the supplier . Effective relationship management minimizes these challenges and enhances service delivery and satisfaction.

Supply base optimization helps organizations strategically manage the number and type of suppliers to achieve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Utilizing fewer suppliers can strengthen relationships, leverage better pricing, and improve quality through developed trust and understanding . Conversely, diversifying suppliers can mitigate risks but requires balancing relationships and ensuring alignment with strategic sourcing objectives .

The transitional phase in outsourcing is crucial as it bridges planning and execution. It involves negotiating contracts, outlining SLAs, and ensuring a smooth transfer of responsibilities . Key components include establishing detailed communication, conflict resolution plans, and asset transfers, ensuring that the outsourcing partnership is set up for operational success . This phase lays the groundwork for ongoing relationship dynamics and operational delivery.

Organizations choose to outsource to focus on their core activities, making them leaner and more competitive internationally. By outsourcing non-core activities, they can concentrate resources on areas of strength, improving efficiency and performance . When an organization is more competent internally, it might retain the activity in-house unless outsourcing provides a strategic advantage, such as cost or expertise .

Supply policies focused on environmental protection guide organizations to develop strategies that prioritize sustainable practices. This may involve choosing suppliers with eco-friendly manufacturing processes, implementing practices that reduce carbon footprint, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations . Such policies encourage organizational reputation enhancement, cost savings from efficient resource management, and alignment with consumer expectations regarding sustainability .

The 'make or buy' decision involves evaluating cost efficiency, available internal capacity, and strategic alignment with core competencies. Organizations opt to outsource when buying externally is cheaper, internal facilities are inadequate, or when demand is low . Insourcing is preferred when costs are lower internally, no reliable suppliers exist, or when the organization's stringent quality standards can't otherwise be met .

Strategic sourcing enhances an organization's competitiveness by focusing on efficient resource allocation, cost reduction, and effective quality management. Considerations include market dynamics, supplier stability, technology adoption, and regulatory compliance . By aligning sourcing decisions with long-term organizational goals, companies can ensure sustainability and resilience to market changes .

Supply market research is crucial in developing a commodity strategy as it provide insights into market trends, supplier capabilities, and competitive dynamics. This research forms the basis for identifying opportunities for cost optimization, assessing supply risks, and understanding demand dynamics . It enables organizations to tailor their commodity strategies, whether they are focused on routine, leverage, bottleneck, or critical categories .

Local sourcing offers advantages like shorter lead times, lower transportation costs, and strong service levels. However, it may lack access to innovations available globally. National sourcing provides the benefit of economies of scale but might involve higher competition for resources . International sourcing often gives access to cost benefits and wider product varieties but comes with risks such as longer lead times and increased complexity in logistics and compliance .

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