*18EEPD0 - SMART

GRID
Programme Elective Subject Handled by
[Link] Raja
AP/EEE, TCE.

[Link]
 *Objective
*The course content is designed to study
about
*smart grid technologies,
*distribution automation,
*information and communication
Technologies, and
*operation of transmission system operation.
* It is used to get familiarized with smart
metering and demand side integration.
 Course
Outcome
Course Outcomes Blooms level
NO.

CO1 Explain the fundamentals of smart power

grids and its international & Indian Understand
scenarios.
CO2 Calculate voltage and power loss for the
Apply
given distribution system.
CO3 Apply demand side management concepts
in advanced Apply
metering infrastructure system.
CO4 Apply synchrophasor measurement
technology in the Apply
operation of transmission system.
CO5 Explain the data communication and
Understand
technology used in smart grid.
CO6 Explain the communication standard
Understand
protocols used in smart grid.
 *Assessment
Pattern
Continuous
Bloom’s Assessment Tests Terminal
Category Examination
1 2 3

Remember 20 20 20 20
Understand 50 60 60 50
Apply 30 20 20 30
Analyse 0 0 0 0
Evaluate 0 0 0 0
Create 0 0 0 0
*Concept Map
 *Course Contents and
Lecture Schedule
Module
Topic
No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID
Need For Smart Grid - Smart Grid Definitions - Benefits of Smart
1.1
Grid
1.2 Overview of Enabling Technologies In Smart Grid
1.3 Vision of Smart Grid
International Experience: Smart Grid Demonstration And
1.4 Deployment Efforts - Tailoring Smart Grids to Developing Countries
and Emerging Economies
1.5 Puducherry Smart Grid Pilot Project
2.0 DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION EQUIPMENT
2.1 Introduction
Substation Automation Equipment: Current Transformers-Voltage
2.2
Transformers- Intelligent Electronic Devices
Faults in the Distribution System: Components for fault isolation
2.3
and restoration – Fault location, isolation and restoration
Distribution Network: forward update equation-Backward update
2.4 equation- Determination of voltage, power loss, network
3.0 SMART METERING AND DEMAND SIDE INTEGRATION
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Smart metering: Evolution - Key components
3.3 Smart meters: over view of the hardware used
3.4 Communications Infrastructure And Protocols For Smart Metering
Demand-side integration (DSI): services - Implementations - Hardware
3.5
support – Flexibility
4.0 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Sources: IEDs and SCADA- Phasor measurement units
Wide Area Applications: On-line transient stability controller-Pole-slipping
4.3
preventive controller
4.4 Visualization Techniques: Visual 2-D presentation-Visual 3-D presentation
4.5 Synchrophasor deployment in India
5.0 DATA COMMUNICATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Dedicated And Shared Communication Channels
Switching Techniques: circuit switching-Message Switching- Packet
5.3
switching
Communication Channels: wired communication- Optical fibre- Radio
5.4
communication – Cellular mobile communication- Satellite communication
5.5 Layered Architecture And Protocols: The ISO/OSI model-TCP/IP
6.0 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SMART GRID
6.1 Introduction
Communication Technologies: IEEE 802 series – Mobile communications-
6.2
Multi protocol label switching
Standards For Information Exchange: Standards for smart metering -
Reference Books
*Janaka Ekanayake, Nick Jenkins, Kithsiri Liyanage, Jianzhong
Wu, Akihiko Yokoyama, “Smart Grid: Technology and
Applications”, Wiley & Sons Ltd., February 2012. Chap.2 to 6
* “Smart Grid primer”, Published by Power grid Corporation of
India limited, September 2013 - Chap. 1
*Stuart Borlase, “Smart Grid: Infrastructure, Technology and
Solutions”, CRC Press 2012.
*James Momoh, “Smart Grid Fundamentals of Design and
Analysis”, IEEE Press, 2012.
*Tony Flick, Justin more house, “Securing the smart grid: Next
generation power grid security”, Elsevier, 2010.
*MOOCs course link: [Link]
electricity-future-ieeex-smartgrid-x-0
 *General
instruction
*Moodle LMS
* Presentation materials
* Study materials
* Online Assignment
* Communications
* Discussions
*Theory content – 75%
*Problems – 25%
 *Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO
SMART GRID
 NEED FOR SMART
GRID
*Growing Energy Demand
*High Implementation Of Environmental Policies
to Combat Climate Change
*Exploration of new possibilities for energy
storage
*Development of electric vehicles (EVs)
*Recognition of consumers and utility as smart
energy decision-makers
*Advancement of energy efficiency in real time
etc.
 Smart Grid
Definitions
*Smart Grid is interconnection of modern
communication and information technologies
along with control and automation process
across entire electricity sector comprising of
generation, transmission, distribution and the
consumer.
 Smart Grid
Definitions –
European
technology
“A Smart Grid is an electricity network
that can intelligently integrate the
actions of all the users connected to it –
generators, consumers and those that do
both – in order to efficiently deliver
sustainable, economic and secure
electricity supplies.”
 Smart Grid
Definitions – US
Department of
improve Energysecurity, and
A Smart Grid uses digital technology to
reliability,
efficiency (both economic and energy) of
the electric systems from large
generation, through the delivery system
to electricity consumers and a growing
number of distributed – generation and
storage resources.”
Interconnection of power, IT and
communication technologies in
Smart Grid
 Benefits of Smart
*Economic:
Grid
Reduction in electricity bill amount of
consumers
Cost savings from peak load reduction.
Deferred capital spending for generation,
transmission, and distribution investments.
Reduced operations and maintenance costs.
*Service:
Improved reliability
Improved Quality
Increased efficiency of power delivery
 Benefits of Smart
Grid
Consumption management
Improved system security
Enhanced business and residential consumer
service
Consumer’s Participation in energy management
Expand access to electricity
*Environmental:
Enabling the integration of clean, renewable
generation sources
Reducing electrical losses
Increasing energy conservation through feedback
to consumers
 Benefits to Utility Benefits to Consumer
 Reduction in AT & C Losses  Prosumer (Producer & Consumer)
 Increased Grid stability enablement
 Peak load management  Improved quality of power supply
 Renewable integration  User friendly & transparent interface with
 Self-healing grid utilities.
 Reduced Capital & operational cost  Reduction in electricity bills by shifting
 Increased employee safety loads from peak hours to non-peak hours.
 Increased revenue  Reduced out-of-pocket costs resulting from
 Higher customer satisfaction loss of power.
 Opportunities to leverage its resources and  Opportunity to interact with the electricity
enter new markets markets through home area network and
 Increased asset utilization smart meter connectivity.
 Increased opportunity to purchase energy
from clean resources, further creating a
demand for the shift from a carbon-based to
a “green economy”
Overview of enabling
technologies
Smart Grid attributes
 Sensing and
measurement
Includes:
*Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
*Phasor Measurements Unit (PMUs)
*Intelligent Electronic Device (IED)
*Smart Meters
*Fault Pass Indicator (FPI)
*Distribution Transformer Monitoring Units
 Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI)
*Facilitates monitoring and measurement of
consumer information through smart meters
installed at customer premises.
*Communication mode
GPRS/PLC/RF
* Enable
Time of Day (TOD)
Critical Peak Pricing (CPP)
Real Time Pricing (RTP)
Demand Side Management
and Demand Response
(DSM & DR)
*The utility in a sense “owns the switch” of

consumer’s equipment and sheds loads.

*Demand response refer to mechanisms used to

encourage consumers to voluntarily trim

electricity usage at specific times of the day

Power Quality Management
(PQM)
*Voltage flickering (Sages/Swells)

*Unbalanced phases voltages

* Harmonic distorted/contaminated supply

Outage Management System
(OMS)

*Manages unscheduled and scheduled outages

of distribution infrastructure

*Distribution Transformers (DTs)

* HT/LT feeders

*Proactive maintenance planning

Advance Power Electronics

*Advance Stability
*Integration Of Distributed Resources & Renewals,
Storage And Diagnostic.
* For Example
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
High Voltage DC Transmission (HVDC) Service
Capacitor
United Power Flow Controllers (UPFC),
Automatic Power Factor Controller,
Statcoms
Harmonics, Measurements And Its Mitigation Etc
Renewable Energy
Integration
Power Quality Problems need due emphasis

while Integrating RES into the grid such As

* Voltage Fluctuations

* Harmonic Distortions

* DC Injection
 Micro Grid
Integrated energy and communication system
consisting of

* Interconnected loads

* Distributed Energy Resources (DER)

 Wide Area
Measurement
Systems
*SCADA system where RTUs
*Phasor measurement unit (PMU) and also time
synchronised via Global Positioning System
(GPS) receiver to a time resolution of 1 micro
sec.

*Wide area monitoring system (WAMs)

 Energy Storage
Systems
*Pumped storage plants
*Batteries (both conventional and advanced)
with Power electronics

*Control systems.
 Plug-in-Electric
Vehicle (PEV)
*Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) utilizes
rechargeable batteries that can be restored to
full charge by connecting it to the external
electric power source.

*Most advanced PEVs have the ability to

recapture some of the energy storage utilized
through regenerative breaking .
 Integrated
communication
technologies (ICT)
Standard communication medium, technology
and protocols are used to share information in

*Generation

*Transmission

*Distribution network with intelligent devices &

smart grid control centre.
 Cyber Security
*Generation, Transmission and Distribution
automation system collects operational
information from dispersed locations on
centrally located servers

*The use of open standard and connectivity to

public networks has exposed systems to cyber
attach.
Vision of Smart Grid

*“MIGRATION of electricity delivery system

to digitally enabled ecosystem that

provides reliable & Quality power for all,

efficiently, with participation of each of

the stakeholders”.
 Existing Grids Smart Grids

Electromechanical type Digital type

One way communication Two way communication

Few sensors Sensors throughout

Manual monitoring Self monitoring

Manual restoration Self healing

Failures and blackouts Adaptive and islanding

Limited control Pervasive control

Passive consumers Active consumers

World wide smart
grid initiative
* US
* UK
* Ireland
* Italy
* France
* Germany
* Spain
* South Korea
* Japan
* Australia
* Brazil
* China.
*China
China’s State Grid Corporation (SCCC) outlined plans
in 2010 for a pilot smart grid programme that maps
out deployment to 2030. Smart grids investments will
reach at least USD 96 billion by 2020.

*United States
USD 4.5 billion was allocated to grid
modernisation under the American Recovery
Reinvestment Act of 2009,
USD 435 million for regional smart grid
demonstrations, and USD 185 million for energy
storage and demonstrations.
Italy
* Building on the success of the Telegestore project, in 2011
* The Ministry of Economic Development has also granted
over EUR 200 million for demonstration of smart grids features
and network modernisation in Southern Italian regions.

Japan :
* In corporate solar power generation by 2020 with
government investment of over USD 100 million.
* National smart metering initiative aqnd large utilities
have announced smart grid programmes.

South Korea
* The pilot consists of a fully integrated smart grid system
for 6 000 households, wind farms and four distribution lines.
korea has announced plans to implement smart grids
nationwide by 2030.
Spain
* Building on past efforts by the Italian utility ENEL.
* The communication protocol used will be open.
* The utility Iberdrola will replace10 million meters.

Germany
*The E-Energy funding programme has several projects
focusing on ICTs for the energy system.

Australia
*The Australian government announced the AUD 100
million “Smart Grid, Smart City” initiative project.
*Additional efforts in the area of renewable energy
deployments are resulting in further study on smart
grids.
United Kingdom
*The energy regulator OFGEM has an Initiative
called the Registered Power Zone.
*Encourage distributors to develop and implement
innovative solutions to connect distributed
generators to the network.
*OFGEM has set up a Low Carbon Networks fund
that will allow up to GPB 500m support to DSO
projects

France
*The electricity distribution operator ERDF is
deploying 300 000 smart meters in a pilot project
based on an advanced communication protocol
named Linky.
 Brazil
* APTEL, a utility association, has been working with the
Brazilian government .
* Intelli Grid Consortium, an initiative of the California-based
Electric Power Research Institute.

India
* India has already established the India Smart Grid Task Force
& India Smart Grid Forum to develop the framework and
national policy.
* Govt. of India has approved 14 pilot projects across the
country for demonstration of different functionalities.
* Govt. of India has projected an outlay of about Rs.9500Cr for
Smart Grid development during 12th plan period (2012-17).
* POWERGRID has taken a leading initiative in developing
Puducherry as pilot smart grid project through collaborative
efforts.
*
 Tailoring Smart Grids to
Developing Countries and
Emerging Economies
Emerging economies are often categorized by

*High growth in electricity demand

*High commercial and technical losses in a

context of rapid economic growth and

development

*Dense urban populations

*Dispersed rural populations

Progessive Electrification
 PUDUCHERRY SMART GRID
PIOLET PROJECT

For Puducherry pilot project objectives of

POWERGRID are:

*Indigenization of Technology.
*Common Information sharing platform
*Scalable and replicable at other places
*Shall help in demonstration of effectiveness of
each functionality
*Evolving policy advocacy, Regulations, etc. for
successful implementation.
*Evolving commercial mechanism.
 Smart Grid FACILITIES IN
PUDUCHERRY

*Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

*Peak Load Management (PLM)
*Outage Management System (OMS)
*Power Quality Management (POM)
*Micro Grid / Renewable Generation
*Energy Storage
*Electric Vehicle
*Smart Home
 * STATUS OF
PUDUCHERRY SMART
* 1000 smart
GRID
meters at
PROJECT
consumer premises
along with 8 nos.
*Data Concentrators
Units (DCU)
*Meter Data
Management System
(MDMS)
*Communication
technologies have been
deployed
*(PLC, RF (2.4GHz)),
RF(865 MHz) & GPRS).
Smart Grid Control Center
OUTAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(OMS)
*Five numbers Distribution Transformer
Monitoring Unit (DTMU)

*Six numbers of Fault Passage Indicators (FPI)

*Oil temperature, load current, voltage,
harmonics, palm temperature etc.

*Data is sent to control centre through GPRS

communication at regular interval.
Display of different parameters
of DTMU
Fault Passage indicators and
its accessories
 FUNCTIONALITY
IMPLEMENTED IN
PUDUCHERRY
*On Demand Reading:
Various parameters like
Active power,
Frequency, Voltage,
Current, Power factor
reactive power and
phase angle can be
seen on demand at the
control centre
Obtaining load profile data:
Time of Day Consumption Data
Remote Connect and Disconnect of
Consumer connection / Prepayment
option:
* Operator can remotely connect or disconnect a consumer
from control center.
* Smart meter also facilitates the option of Prepayment for
electricity consumtion.

Load Restriction:
* Operator can remotely predefine the limit of energy or
power consumption by a given consumer, on violating of
these limits consumer will be alarmed / disconnected as per
requirement.

Outage Alert:
* Any outage of supply at the consumer premise can be
immediately reported to operator through SMS or email.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
PART A

1. Define Smart grid according to European Technology?

2. Define Smart grid according to US Department of energy?
3. Define Smart grid?
4. What are the benefits of smart grid with respect to
economic?
5. What are the benefits of smart grid with respect to service?
6. What are the benefits of smart grid with respect to
environmental?
7. Give two benefits of smart grid with respect to utility?
8. Give two benefits of smart grid with respect to consumer?
9. What is meant by sensing and measurement technologies?
10. What is meant by Advanced metering and infrastructure?
11. What is meant by Demand Side Management?
12. What is meant by Demand Response (DSM & DR)?
13. What is meant by Power Quality Management (PQM)?
14. What is meant by Outage Management System (OMS)?
15. What is meant by Advance Power Electronics?
16. What is meant by Renewable energy integration?
17. What is meant by microgrid?
18. What is meant by wide area measurement and system?
19. What is meant by Energy storage system?
20. What is meant by Plug in Electric Vehicle?
21. What is meant by Integrated communication
technologies (ICT)?
22. What is meant by Cyber Security?
23. What is the smart grid initiative taken in China?
24. What is the smart grid initiative taken in United
States?
25. What is the smart grid initiative taken in Italy?
26. What is the smart grid initiative taken in Japan?
27. What is the smart grid initiative taken in South
Korea?
28. What is the smart grid initiative taken in United
Kingdom?
29. What is the smart grid initiative taken in France?
30. What is the smart grid initiative taken in Brazil?
31. What is the smart grid initiative taken in India?
32. What are the objectives of puducherry pilot
project?
33. What are the various smart grid functionalities
being demonstrated at Pudhucherry?
PART B

1. What is the need for smart grid?

(5)
2. Explain smart Grid with definitions?
(10)
3. Describe the benefits of smart grid with respect to utility and
consumer? (10)
4. Explain the overview of enabling technologies in smart grid in
detail? (10)
5. Describe the vision of smart Grid? (10)
6. Explain the international experience of smart grid in detail. (15)
7. Describe Pudhucherry smart grid pilot project and its status?
(10)
8. Describe examples of functionality implemented at
Pudhucherry? (10)