Presented by:-Yash Prakash
1024030281
Rudraksh Yadav
1024030272
Submitted to:-
[Link] Fatima
INDRODUCTION TO
QUANTUM COMPUTING
WHAT IS QUANTUM COMPUTING?
• Quantum computing, grounded in the principles of quantum mechanics, offers a fundamentally different
way of processing information compared to traditional computers, leveraging the unique behaviors of
subatomic particles.
• Classical computers process information using binary bits—0s and 1s. Quantum computers, however,
utilize qubits, which, through properties like superposition and entanglement, can exist in multiple states
at once, enabling entirely new computing possibilities.
OBJECTIIVE DEFINATION
• Quantum Computing is a type of computation that leverages
quantum phenomena to process data at unprecedented
speeds by enabling qubits to perform multiple calculations at
once.
IMAGE: Diagram comparing classical
bits vs. qubits in their possible states.
CORE PRINCIPLES - UNDERSTANDING QUBITS
AND SUPERPOSITION
QUBITS
• In classical computing, each bit represents a single state—either 0 or 1. However, qubits can
represent 0, 1, or both simultaneously due to a phenomenon called superposition. This dual-
state capability allows quantum computers to handle much larger datasets and more
complex calculations concurrently.
SUPERPOSITION EXPLAINED
• Imagine a spinning coin in the air. While spinning, it’s neither heads nor tails but holds the potential to
be either upon landing. Similarly, qubits in superposition represent multiple possibilities until measured.
ADVANTAGES OF SUPERPOSITION
• Allows quantum computers to explore multiple solutions
simultaneously, making it possible to solve complex problems at
speeds unimaginable with classical computers.
VISUAL: Illustration of superposition using a spinning coin
analogy or a simple visual of a qubit in multiple states.
ENTANGLEMENT - CONNECTING QUANTUM
INFORMATION
WHAT IS ENTANGLEMENT?
• Entanglement occurs when two qubits become so interconnected that the state of one qubit instantly
determines the state of the other, even if they are miles apart. This instantaneous connection remains
regardless of distance, a property Albert Einstein famously referred to as “spooky action at a distance”.
ANALOGY FOR ENTANGLEMENT
• Imagine two synchronized clocks: if you change the time
on one, the other changes instantaneously to match, no
matter how far apart they are. Entangled qubits function
similarly by responding in tandem without any apparent
communication.
SIGNIFICANCE
• Entanglement enables faster, more secure data processing
and has revolutionary potential for encryption, data analysis,
and interconnected systems.
IMAGE: Illustration showing two entangled qubits or a visual
representation of instant information transfer between
entangled particles.
QUANTUM COMPUTING vs. CLASSICAL COMPUTING
CLASSICAL COMPUTING
• Classical computers rely on sequential processing and binary bits, which limit them to processing one
calculation at a time. This setup is adequate for straightforward tasks but struggles with highly
complex or data-heavy computations.
QUANTUM COMPUTING
• Quantum systems allow for parallel processing through superposition and entanglement,
making them ideal for complex calculations requiring massive datasets.
COMPARISON EXAMPLE
• Classical computing is like traveling down a
single-lane road, taking each turn individually.
Quantum computing is like accessing a multi-
lane highway, where multiple routes to
solutions can be explored simultaneously.
REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS AND
POTENTIAL IMPACT
CRYPTOGRAPHY
• Quantum computing poses a challenge to traditional encryption but also offers the foundation for
quantum encryption methods that could be unbreakable by classical means.
HEALTHCARE AND DRUG DISCOVERY
• Quantum systems can analyze molecular structures, accelerating drug
discovery by simulating interactions at a quantum level, potentially
transforming personalized medicine.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
• Quantum computing enhances machine learning
by processing larger datasets faster, allowing for
more advanced AI applications in everything from
image recognition to predictive analytics.
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
• In industries like logistics and supply chain
management, quantum computing can rapidly
calculate optimized solutions, cutting costs
and saving resources.
CHALLANGES AND LIMITATIONS
TECHNICAL BARRIERS
• Qubit Stability: Qubits are extremely sensitive to environmental changes (like temperature
fluctuations) and require ultra-cold conditions (near absolute zero) to function reliably.
• Error Rates: Quantum systems are prone to errors due to instability, making it challenging to scale
and maintain accurate calculations.
FINANCIAL AND PRACTICAL CHALLANGES
• Quantum computers are costly to construct and maintain, demanding high levels of expertise and
infrastructure. Currently, they remain primarily in the research and development stage, with only a
few operational models available.
REFERENCES
SOURCE LIST
• Nature Physics, “Quantum Computing Principles,” 2022.
• IBM Research Journal, “Applications and Implications of Quantum Computing,” 2023.
• MIT Technology Review, “Quantum Computing vs. Classical Computing,” 2021.
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “Quantum Entanglement in Computing,” 2023.
• Quantum Computing for Everyone by Chris Bernhardt, 2019 - ISBN 978-0262039253.
THANK YOU
