SEED
TREATMENT
&
PACKING
Refers to application of fungicide,
insecticide or a combination of
both, to seeds so as to disinfect
What is them from seed borne or soil
seed borne pathogenic organisms or
storage insects.
treatme
nt? Also refers to subjecting of seeds
to solar energy exposure,
immersion in hot water etc.
Control seed born diseases (Bunt-
wheat:grain smut-jowar;seedling
blight-Maize,Rice;Fusarium wilt in
Benefits Arhar,jowar)
Protects seed from seed
of seed rot(Phythium & Rhizoctonia
treatme present in soil)
nt Improves germination
Protection from storage insects
Controlling soil inhabiting insects
in the field
1. Seed disinfection- refers to eradication of
fungal spore that have become established
within the seed coat or in more deep
seated tissues.(Inactivate the organism)
Types of eg:Carbendazim,Thiphanate –Methyl,Tilt
2. Seed disinfestation- refers to destruction
seed of surface borne organisms that have
contaminated the seed surface but not
treatme infected the seed surface. (in case of
insect)
nt 3. Seed protection- purpose is to protect
the seed and young seedling from
organisms in soil which otherwise cause
decay of the seed before [Link]:
thiram,Captan
• Its main role is to protect
seeds from seed borne
diseases and pest attacks.
• Early emergence is used to
Objecti increase the percentage of
ves seeds that germinate.
• To keep birds and vermin out.
• Dry treatment: Mixing the seed with
pesticides/nutrients in powder form.
• Wet treatment: Soaking the seeds in a
pesticide/nutrient solution in liquid form.
• Slurry treatment: Seeds/seedlings are
Methods dipped in a slurry. Rice seedlings, for
example, are immersed in phosphate
of seed slurry.
treatment • Pelleting: It is the process of coating seed
with enough seed ingredients to make the
seeds larger, heavier, and consistent in
size for sowing using seed drills. Pesticide
pelleting is used to protect soil organisms
and pests, as well as to repel birds, ants,
and rodents.
• It must be extremely effective in
the face of harmful organisms.
Characteri • Seeds must be somewhat
stics of unaffected.
ideal • Even if overused, it should be safe
chemical for humans, animals, and cattle.
seed • During seed storage, it should be
treatment: relatively stable for a long time.
• It should be simple to operate.
• It should be economically
competitive.
1. Injured seeds: any breakage in the seed
coat of the seed.
Conditio 2. Diseased seed: seeds infected with
diseases at the time of harvest pr during
ns under processing
which 3. Undesirable soil condition: unfavourable
soil conditions like cold and damp soils or
seed extremely dry soil are favourable for
growth and development of fungal spores.
must be 4. Disease-free seed: provides good
insurance against diseases, soil borne
treated organisms, protection of weak seeds
enabling them to germinate and produce
seedlings.
Causes [Link] fungicides
of poor
[Link] dosages
treatme
nts [Link]
1. Clear labelling of treated seeds as
being dangerous, if consumed.
2. Treat only the quantity for which sales
Precauti are assured.
on 3. Must use correct dosage rate of the
treating chemicals.
in seed 4. Seeds with high moisture content are
treatme susceptible to injury when treated
with concentrated liquid products.
nt
5. In case of seeds treated with bacterial
cultures, first treat with fungicide and
then with bacterial cultures.
Slurry treaters
Principle- suspension of wettable powder
treatment material in water.
Treatment material applied as slurry is
Equipme accurately metered through a simple
mechanism composed of a slurry cup and
ntfor seed dump pan.
The cup introduces a given amount of slurry,
seed with each dump of seed, into a mixing
treatme chamber where they are blended.
The slurry treaters are adaptable to all types
nt of seeds and rates of treating.
The small amount of moisture that is added
the seeds (half to one per cent of the weight
of the seed) does not affect seed in storage,
since the moisture is added to the seed
surtace and is soon lost.
Direct treaters
Most recent development and include the 'panogen' and mist-o-
matic treaters. Of these two, the mist-o-matic treater is being used
more widely.
The mist-o-matic treater applies treatment as a mist directly to the
seed.
Cup sizes are designated by the number of cc's they actually deliver,
e.g. 2 1/2, 5, 10, 15.
The treater is equipped with a large treatment tank, a pump, and a
return that maintains the level in the small reservoir from which the
Contd. treatment cups are fed.
After metering, the treatment material flows to a rapidly. revolving
fluted disc mounted under a seed spreading cone.
The disc breaks drops of the treatment into a fine mist. It sprays this
outward to coat seed falling over the cone through the treating
chamber.
Just below the seed dump are two adjustable retarders designed to
give a continuous flow of seed over the cones between seed dumps.
This is important since there is a continuous misting of material from
the revolving disc.
The desired treating rate is obtained through selection of treatment
cup size and proper adjustment of the seed dump weight.
Home made drum mixers
A simple mixer can be made by running a pipe
through a drum at an angle.
The drum is then mounted on two sawhorses.
Contd.
The seed and treatment are placed in the drum
and it is rotated slowly until all seeds are
covered.
Grain auger
Liquid materials can be dripped on to the seed
as they enter a grain auger or screw conveyor.
By the time seeds have left the auger, the liquid
Contd. is spread well over most seeds.
Dust and slurry materials may also be applied in
this manner, but with more difficulty.
Shovel
Seeds are spread on a clean, dry surface.
Ten to fifteen centimeters in depth.
Contd. The proper amount of treatment is diluted with
water and sprinkled evenly over the seed.
Mixing is accomplished with a shovel or scoop
turning the seed at least twenty times.
After processing and treating are completed, seeds are
packaged into containers of specified net weight.
Packaging or bagging is essentially the last operation in
which seeds are handled in bulk flow.
Seed The packaging consists of the following operations:
packi 1. Filling of seed bags to an exact weight.
2. Placing leaflets in the seed bags regarding improved
ng cultivation practices.
3. Attaching labels, certification tags on the seed bags,
and sewing of the bags.
4. Storage/shipment of seed bags.
The bagger weigher: These are small machines which, when
properly mounted beneath a bin, will fill and weigh a bag
accurately in a single operation.
Manual weighing: This type of scale, usually a portable
plattorm, is considered inefficient for volume weighing
Equipme operations because of high labour requirements and relatively
low capacity, in terms of bags filled per minute.
nt Used Semi-automatic: This is the most widely used scale. The scale
for is attached to the bottom of a bagging bin, and the bag is
clamped to the bottom of the scale. The feed gate is opened
Packagin manually and may be closed either manually or automatically
when the proper weight is attained. The scales have a capacity
g of to weigh four to eight bags of 50 kg per minute, depending
upon the seed being packaged and the skill of the operators.
Seeds Automatic scales: Scales of this type are used primarily for
small packages, e.g., vegetable and lawn seeds. In these
machines the entire weighing and filling process is done auto
matically.
Bag sewing machine: After an open-mouth bag is filled, the
bag top must be sewed with a bag sewing machine.
