TE 413
DESIGN OF
TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURES
INTRODUCTION
Reasons for
Traffic
Congestion?
Source: CLUP: Planning Dept of Lipa City Government
Source: U.P. National Center for Transportation Studies Foundation Inc.,University of the Philippines, Diliman,
City
Source: U.P. National Center for Transportation Studies Foundation Inc.,University of the Philippines, Diliman,
City
Traffic Congestion is like an unhealthy person
Traffic Congestion is like an unhealthy person
Buy Bigger Clothes
AVOID
Avoid Unnecessary Eating
Avoid Trips or Distance
• Mixed Use Development
Development which comprises a mixture of two or more
land uses, either comprised within a single building
(horizontally or vertically) or multiple buildings of different
uses within a distinct development site.
Mixed use development (or sometimes referred to as
MXD), in contrast with the traditional single use development,
can lessen transport activity as well as reduced need to use
private, motorized vehicles in order to perform trips.
AVOID
• Parking Management
“Parking is not a constitutional right.”
–
Enrique Penalosa, Former Mayor of Bogota, Colombia
• Proper Pricing
• Get rid of illegal on-site parking on certain areas
• Elimination of subsidized government parking
• Parking Management
“Parking is not a constitutional right.” –
Enrique Penalosa, Former Mayor of Bogota, Colombia
• Increase in parking supply tends to increase automobile
commuting and reduce transit and ride sharing
((Mildner, Strathman and Bianco 1997)
• Weinberger and Levinson (2003), for example, concludes
that a 1% increase in downtown parking supply results to
reduced transit ridership by 0.77%.
• Frank, et al. (2008) found that a 10% increase in parking
price reduces automobile mode shares by 0.7% and
increases demand for carpooling by 0.8%, biking by
2.7%, walking by 0.9% and transit by 3.71%
AVOID
Avoid Trips or Distance
• Build Satellite Markets
• Avoid travelling during peak hours
• Restricting the Days on Which Owners
Can Use their Vehicles: Number
Coding, Truck Ban
In Metro Manila, 45% of car owners had more than one car.
76% of those who owned a single car intended to buy a new
one. 33% of car owners used an alternative vehicle during coding
day.
AVOID
Encouraging More People to Work at Home
• Advancements in
telecommunications
technology can already
substitute the need for
physical travel (depending )
on trip
purpose/circumstances
• Remote working, tele/video
conferencing
Source: Clean Air Asia
SHIFT (more environmentally friendly mode)
SHIFT (more environmentally friendly mode)
SHIFT (more environmentally friendly mode)
Biking Scheme
As of 2011, over 300 bike-
sharing schemes have been
established in more than 30
countries worldwide.
Bike docking stations
Efficiently spaced out
e.g. Vélib’ bike-sharing system
in Paris (right) – spaced roughly
300 meters apart
SHIFT (more environmentally friendly mode)
Impact of Biking Scheme
Primarily aim to encourage commuters to shift from a
motorized mode of public transport to an NMT
Reduces the number of automobiles on the road
Eases the congestion
Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
Reduces air pollution
Bicycle use program in La Trinidad
Target Area for Bike Lanes
Benguet State University to Capitol (vice-versa)
Travel distance = 1.5 Kilometers
- Bike terminals will be provided
Bell Church to Benguet State University (vice-
versa) Travel distance= 2.0 Kilometers
Target Users: Students
Walking
Walking – a non-motorized form of transport, similar to biking
Walkways allow people to “travel within the public right-of-
way that is separated from roadway vehicles” (AASHTO)
Sidewalks., at-grade and grade-separated crossings
traffic control devices signals
amenities such as benches, lamp posts, toilets, roofs and
trees
infrastructures for the disabled, elderly and pregnant women
such as curb ramps.
The walkability of these facilities is a measurement of their
connectivity and quality
250
m
Baguio City Case
General Luna Rd –
Assumption Rd
Intersection
75
m
36 Assumption SLU
36D CARS TAXI taxi (%)
8 TO 9 11 34 75.56
11 TO 12 NN 22 62 73.81
12 TO 1 PM 27 52 65.82
A B
D
C
H
36F CARS TAXI taxi (%)
I 6 TO 7 36 16 30.77
F 7 TO 8 106 72 40.45
Gen. Luna Gen. 8 TO 9 48 51 51.52
E 11 TO 12 NN 25 46 64.79
Luna
G 12 TO 1 PM 22 37 62.71
36A CARS
Assumption
TAXI taxi (% )
4 TO 5
5 TO 6
30
19
20
13
40
40.63
6 TO 7 31 56 64.37 6 TO 7 10 6 37.5
7 TO 8 167 158 48.62
8 TO 9
11 TO 12 NN
93
42
230
83
71.21
66.4 36H CARS TAXI taxi (%)
12 TO 1 PM 56 80 58.82 6 TO 7 44 40 47.62
4 TO 5 56 58 50.88 7 TO 8 134 94 41.23
5 TO 6 66 44 40
6 TO 7 45 34 43.04
8 TO 9 71 155 68.58
11 TO 12 NN 44 53 54.64
12 TO 1 PM 36 63 63.64
36B CARS TAXI taxi (%)
5 TO 6
4 TO 5
54
61
54
19
50
23.75
6 TO 7 5 4 44.44 6 TO 7 51 29 36.25
7 TO 8 0 0 0
8 TO 9 19 49 72.06
200
Session Rd-Assumption m
Rd intersection to
General Luna Rd-
Assumption Rd is only
200 Meters
Transforming Assumption
Rd into a semi-
pedestrianized area
IMPROVE (Technology of Vehicles)
1) Electric Public Transport Jeepneys
2) Automatic Guided Transit
IMPROVE (Traffic Safety Education)
Education-Imparting
knowledge on driving
discipline and rules in
an attempt to sharpen
people so that they
follow the rules on
their own.
Engineering-
includes upkeep of Enforcement –
vehicles, driving refers to
culture and planning enforcement of law
the movement of to ensure that
traffic to minimize people follow traffic
the possibilities of rules and fear
congestion. violation of laws.
IMPROVE (Traffic Safety Education)
Negative Behavior of Commuters: “Door to Door
Delivery”
“Kaya nga ako nag taxi para maihatid ako sa mismong
destinasyon”
Some Positive Behavior of PUV drivers:
“Doon po tayo sa tamang babaan, bawal po dito.
Enrique Penalosa, former Mayor of Bogota Colombia:
“A developed country is not a place where the poor
have cars. It’s where the rich use public transport”
“ Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion is inevitable but it can
be minimized”
