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Speech Analysis

The document discusses the fundamentals of acoustics related to speech analysis, focusing on sound waves, amplitude, and the distinction between vowels and consonants. It explains the concept of formants, which are crucial for distinguishing vowels, detailing how the first and second formants relate to tongue position. Additionally, it highlights the importance of formant frequencies in understanding voice quality and vowel perception.

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11 views10 pages

Speech Analysis

The document discusses the fundamentals of acoustics related to speech analysis, focusing on sound waves, amplitude, and the distinction between vowels and consonants. It explains the concept of formants, which are crucial for distinguishing vowels, detailing how the first and second formants relate to tongue position. Additionally, it highlights the importance of formant frequencies in understanding voice quality and vowel perception.

Uploaded by

patty2901
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPEECH ANALYZER

• https://software.sil.org/speech-analyzer/
ACOUSTICS
• Sound waves are variations in air pressure travelling across space
Waveform: a graph “time x amplitude”

on top of his deck

• amplitude ~ loudness (~ sonority)


• low amplitude soft sounds
• high amplitude loud sounds
• vowels are louder than consonants
regular vs irregular wave
• Vowels: • Consonants:
• regular air pressure variations • random, irregular air pressure
variations
Rate of repetition – Frequency - Pitch/Tone
0.01 s F = 100 Hz:
Formant
• For the purposes of distinguishing vowels from each other, we are more
interested in the frequency response curves (indicating the preferred resonating
frequencies of the vocal tract) rather than in the raw spectrum of the wave.
• Each of the preferred resonanting frequencies of the vocal tract (each bump in
the frequency response curve) is known as a formant . They are usually referred
to as F1, F2, F3, etc. For example, the formants for a schwa as spoken by an
adult male whose vocal tract is 17 centimetres long:

• F1 first formant500 Hz
• F2 second formant 1500 Hz
• F3 third formant 2500 Hz
Formant
• The frequency of the first formant is mostly determined by the height of
the tongue body:
• high F1 = low vowel (i.e., high frequency F1 = low tongue body)-
open vowels
• low F1 = high vowel (i.e., low frequency F1 = high tongue body)-
closed vowels
• The frequency of the second formant is mostly determined by the
frontness/backness of the tongue body:
• high F2 = front vowels
• low F2 = back vowels
FORMANT
• F1 and F2 = most important for perception of voice quality
• Vowels = clear formant structure (tones, periodic
character )
• In spectrogram – vertical stripes correspond to vocal fold
pulses
Formant frequencies:
https://sail.usc.edu/~
lgoldste/General_Phonetics/Source_Filter/SFc.html

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