বেকার যুবকদের

আত্মকর্মসংস্থানের লক্ষ্যে
জেলা পর্যায়ে
প্রতিষ্ঠানিক প্রশিক্ষণ কোর্স
উদ্বোধনী
ডাটাবেস ম্যানেজম্যান্ট
অনুষ্ঠান
বিষয়ক প্রশিক্ষণ
প্রশিক্ষনের কোর্স
মেয়াদ ০২
মাস (১৫৬ ঘন্টা)
প্রশিক্ষণ শুরু:
শুভ উদ্ভেধন
০১/০১/২০২৫ খ্রিঃ
করেন,
জনাব মোঃ আব্দুল কাদের, উপ-পরিচালক, যুব উন্নয়ন
আয়োজনেঃ উপ-পরিচালকের কার্যলয়, যুব উন্নয়ন
অধিদপ্তর, বাগেরহাট।
 Lesson 1
Introduction to Computers
Md Sohanur Rahaman
Instructor
Database Management Systems
(DBMS) Course
Department of Youth Development
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•Computer: A computer is an electronic device that processes data and
performs tasks according to a set of instructions (program). It can store,
retrieve, and process data quickly and accurately.
•Basic Functions (প্রাথমিক কার্যাবলী)
• Input: Data entered into the computer.
• Process: Computation or manipulation of the data.
• Output: The result of the processed data.
• Storage: Saving data for future use.

2. Basic Applications of Computers (মৌলিক প্রয়োগসমূহ)

•Data Processing: Computers are widely used to process data, such as in
banking, education, healthcare, and businesses.
•Communication: Used in emails, social media, video conferencing, etc.
•Entertainment: Used for gaming, movies, music, and more.
•Design and Development: Utilized in graphic design, web development,
and 3D modeling.
•Scientific Research: Computers support complex calculations and data
analysis.
•Education: Used for learning through online courses, interactive content,
and digital libraries.
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History of Computers –
•First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum tubes used for computation
(ENIAC, UNIVAC).
•Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors replaced vacuum
tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.
•Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits (ICs) were
introduced, leading to the development of smaller and more powerful
computers.
•Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors were
introduced, enabling personal computers (PCs). The rise of the internet
and mobile devices.
•Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond): Artificial intelligence,
quantum computing, and advanced parallel processing.
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•First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum tube-based.
•Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistor-based.
•Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuit (IC)-based.
•Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessor-based.
•Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond): Based on artificial intelligence and
quantum computing.

4. Characteristics of Computers (বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ)

•Speed: Computers can process large amounts of data at high speed.
•Accuracy: Computers perform calculations with minimal errors.
•Automation: Computers can automate repetitive tasks without human
intervention.
•Storage: Computers can store vast amounts of data in various formats
(files, images, videos).
•Versatility: Computers can be used for different applications across various
fields.
•Diligence: Computers do not suffer from fatigue and can perform tasks
consistently.
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6. Classification of Computers
•Analog Computers:
• These computers deal with continuous data (e.g., speedometers,
thermometers).
• Examples: Analog clocks, old-style thermometers.
•Digital Computers:
• These computers process discrete data and are used in most modern
computing systems.
• Examples: Desktop PCs, laptops, mobile phones.
•Hybrid Computers:
• A combination of both analog and digital computers.
• Used for specific tasks such as in medical devices (ECG machines) and
industrial control systems.
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7. Types of Computers
•Microcomputer:
• Small computers designed for personal use.
• Examples: Desktop PCs, laptops, tablets, smartphones.
•Mini Computer:
• Larger than microcomputers but smaller than mainframes. Used for business
applications and medium-sized tasks.
• Examples: Servers for small businesses.
•Mainframe Computer:
• Large, powerful computers used for bulk data processing.
• Examples: Used in large organizations like banks, hospitals, and research
institutions.
•Supercomputers:
• Extremely powerful computers used for complex calculations and simulations.
• Examples: Weather forecasting systems, research in physics, and simulations
in aerospace.
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8. Block Diagram of a Computer System
•Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner.
•Central Processing Unit (CPU):
• Control Unit (CU): Manages and coordinates the operations of the
computer.
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs all arithmetic and logical
operations.
• Registers: Temporary storage areas for data and instructions.

•Memory/Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory)

for storing data and programs.
•Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
•Communication Devices: Network cards, modem, Wi-Fi.

9. Basic Organization and Functional Units of a Computer System

•Input Unit: Captures data and instructions from the user and sends them to the
CPU.
•Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer, responsible for
executing instructions.
•Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions for quick access.
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10. Concept of Laptop, Notebook, Desktop PC Configuration

•Laptop:
• Portable, compact, and includes all components in one unit.
• Powered by a battery and can be used on the go.
•Notebook:
• Smaller and lighter than laptops, designed for portability.
•Desktop PC:
• Larger and typically more powerful than laptops, often used in homes
and offices.
• Requires external peripherals such as monitors, keyboards, and mice.
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Question and answer

session
 Lesson - 1
Classification of Computers and Computer
Systems
Md Sohanur Rahaman
Instructor
Database Management Systems (DBMS) Course
Department of Youth Development
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•Types:
• Analog Computers: Work with continuous data, used in scientific and
engineering applications.
• Digital Computers: Work with discrete data, used in business and personal
applications.
• Hybrid Computers: Combine features of both analog and digital computers.

•Categories Based on Size and Performance:

• Microcomputers: Personal computers like laptops and desktops.
• Minicomputers: Multi-user systems used in small businesses.
• Mainframe Computers: High-performance systems for large-scale data
processing.
• Supercomputers: Extremely fast and powerful, used for complex simulations
and scientific research.
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•Block Diagram of a Computer System
•Input Unit: Devices that take input (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
•Processing Unit (CPU): Includes Control Unit, ALU, and Registers.
•Memory Unit: RAM, ROM, Cache.
•Output Unit: Devices that display output (e.g., monitor, printer)
.
•Basic Organization and Functional Units
•Understanding how data flows through the system.
•Role of buses, ports, and peripherals.

Types of Computers by Form Factor

•Laptop: Portable and lightweight for personal use.
•Notebook: Smaller, highly portable, similar to laptops.
•Desktop: Stationary, designed for workspace use.
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Desktop PC Configuration
•CPU: Core i5/i7 or equivalent.
•RAM: 8GB/16GB.
•Storage: SSD (256GB/512GB) + HDD (1TB).
•GPU: Integrated or dedicated (e.g.,
NVIDIA/AMD).
•Operating System: Windows/Linux/MacOS.
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Lesson 2
Programming Concepts
Md Sohanur Rahaman
Instructor
Database Management Systems
(DBMS) Course
Department of Youth Development
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Learning Objectives

• Define computing, data, and information.

• Understand the steps of program development.
• Learn about algorithms and flowcharts.
• Explore programming languages, their categories, and
examples.
• Understand translators like assemblers, interpreters, and
compilers.
• Overview of the generation and uses of programming
languages.
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Concept of Computing, Data & Information

 Computing:
Using computers to perform tasks like data processing and problem-
solving.

 Data:
Raw facts and figures (e.g., numbers, text).

 Information:
Processed and meaningful data.
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Steps of Program Development

[Link] Definition: Clearly understand the task.

[Link] Design: Create a step-by-step procedure.
[Link]: Visual representation of the algorithm.
[Link]: Write the program using a specific language.
[Link] & Debugging: Check for and fix errors.
[Link] & Maintenance: Deploy and maintain the program.
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Algorithm & Flowchart

Algorithm: •Flowchart:A diagrammatic representation

•A logical sequence of steps to solve a problem. of an algorithm.
•Common Symbols:
•Example: • Oval: Start/End
• Rectangle: Process
Step 1: Start
• Diamond: Decision
Step 2: Input two numbers
Step 3: Add the numbers • Arrow: Flow Direction
Step 4: Display the sum
Step 5: Stop
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Computer Languages

[Link]:
•Instructions written in a language that a computer can understand.
[Link]:
•Machine Language: Binary code directly executed by the computer.
•Assembly Language: Low-level language using mnemonic codes (e.g., MOV, ADD).
•High-Level Language: Closer to human language (e.g., Python, Java, C++).
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Computer Languages

[Link]:
•Instructions written in a language that a computer can understand.
[Link]:
•Machine Language: Binary code directly executed by the computer.
•Assembly Language: Low-level language using mnemonic codes (e.g., MOV, ADD).
•High-Level Language: Closer to human language (e.g., Python, Java, C++).
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Translators

•Assembler: Converts assembly language to machine language.

•Interpreter: Executes high-level code line by line.
•Compiler: Converts high-level code into machine code before execution.
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Generation of Programming Languages

•First Generation: Machine Language.

•Second Generation: Assembly Language.
•Third Generation: High-Level Languages (e.g., FORTRAN, C).
•Fourth Generation: Specialized for specific tasks (e.g., SQL).
•Fifth Generation: Logic-based languages (e.g., Prolog, AI-focused).
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Use of Programming Languages

•Web Development: HTML, CSS, JavaScript.

•Data Science: Python, R.
•Mobile App Development: Java (Android), Swift (iOS).
•System Programming: C, Assembly.
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Class Activity
•Task: Draw a flowchart to calculate the area of a rectangle.
•Discussion: Identify key steps and clarify doubts.

•Raptor Software
•Area = Length * Width
•If Length = 5m and Width = 3m then Area = 5*3= 15m2
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Summary

•Computing involves processing data into meaningful information.

•Algorithms and flowcharts help in planning programs.
•Programming languages have evolved over generations, catering to
various needs.
•Translators bridge the gap between human instructions and machine
execution.
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Q&A