Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Unit: 1

Introduction
BMCA0401
Mr. Sachin Kashyap
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
MCA-IV Sem
MCA DEPARTMENT

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 Evaluation Scheme

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 Evaluation Scheme

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 Syllabus

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 Syllabus

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 Syllabus

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 Content

• RPA Introduction
• Component Of RPA
• RPA Platform
• Scope and techniques of automation
• RPA VS Automation
• Types of Bots
• RPA Development Methodologies
• Robotic control flow architecture

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 Course Objective

This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Robotic Process Automation (RPA), covering its basics,
tools, advanced concepts, and techniques, as well as practical deployment and maintenance

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 Course Outcome

COURSE OUTCOME NO
COUR

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 CO-PO Mapping

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 Prerequisite and Recap

Basic knowledge about software and its types. Basic knowledge of any programming language.

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 Scope and techniques of automation

The scope of automation is the extent of activities that will

be automated in a business or project. It can refer to the
scope of automation in industrial settings, software testing,
or office automation.

• Industrial automation
• Software testing automation
• Office automation

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 Scope and techniques of automation

• Here are some automation techniques:

1. Robotic process automation (RPA)
A software technology that makes it easy to build, deploy, and manage software robots that
emulate humans actions.

2.Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)

Advanced RPA techniques that leverage algorithms and models to enable software bots to learn from
data and make intelligent decisions

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 Scope and techniques of automation

3. Automated testing
A software testing technique that automates the process of validating the functionality of software and
ensures it meets requirements

4.Automated workflow
Replaces manual, repetitive tasks with automated processes, ensuring efficiency and consistency

5.Marketing automation
Software that handles routine marketing tasks without the need for human action

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 Scope and techniques of automation

Scope of RPA
• RPA has provided an excellent solution for organizations to replace repetitive,
mundane, rule-based processes with software bots. It is now helping
organizations who were looking to increase their workflow accuracy and
efficiency. First, RPA was widely adopted in the IT sector. It amazed many big
organizations as well as small and medium enterprises with outstanding results.
Later, it was adopted in other sectors like Finance, Accounting, Banking, etc.

• RPA tools are already being used in several organizations. This is going to be the
most important thing in the upcoming years. Experts have predicted some
points for the future of this technology, which are given below:
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 What is Robotics?

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 What Is Robotic Process Automation (RPA)?

• Robotic process automation (RPA) is the use of software with artificial intelligence
(AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high volume, repeatable tasks that
previously required humans to perform. These tasks can include queries, calculations
and maintenance of records and transactions.
• RPA technology, sometimes called a software robot or bot, mimics a human worker,
logging into applications, entering data, calculating and completing tasks and logging
out.

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 What Is Robotic Process Automation (RPA)?

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 Evolution of RPA

• Although the term "robotic process automation" can be traced to the early 2000s, it had been
developing for a number of years previously.

• RPA evolved from three key technologies: screen scraping, workflow automation and artificial
intelligence.

• Screen scraping is the process of collecting screen display data from a legacy application so that the
data can be displayed by a more modern user interface.

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 Why RPA is Used?

• Companies and business owners these days use the RPA. It is due to the multiple programs they have
to access simultaneously.

• Automating the data correction is one of the benefits of RPA.

• Sales orders and invoice processing are the two areas where the RPA process can shine. Additionally,
RPA also increases data consistency levels across the company department systems.

• With any change in the business process, a company would need to hire new employees or train
existing employees to map the IT system and business process. Both solutions are time and money-
consuming. Also, any succeeding business process change will need hiring or retraining.

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 Benefits of RPA

• Robotic process automation technology can help organizations on their digital transformation journeys
by:
1.Enabling better customer service.
2.Ensuring business operations and processes comply with regulations and standards.
3. Allowing processes to be completed much more rapidly.
4. Providing improved efficiency by digitizing and auditing process data.
5. Creating cost savings for manual and repetitive tasks.
6. Enabling employees to be more productive.

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 Benefits of RPA(Employee’s Perspective )

• Accuracy: Extreme accuracy and uniformity – much less prone to error or typos
• Improved Employee Morale: Workers can decide more time to engaging intersecting work
• Low technical Barrier: No Programming skills necessary to configure a bot
• Productivity: Process cycles times are much faster compared to manual process approaches.
• Reliability: Bots tirelessly work 24x7 without interruption.
• Consistency: Routine tasks are performed the same way each and every time.

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 Applications of RPA

• Some of the top applications of RPA include:

• Customer service: RPA can help companies offer better customer service by automating contact center
tasks, including verifying e-signatures, uploading scanned documents and verifying information for
automatic approvals or rejections.

• Accounting: Organizations can use RPA for general accounting, operational accounting, transactional
reporting and budgeting.

• Financial services: Companies in the financial services industry can use RPA for foreign exchange
payments, automating account openings and closings, managing audit requests and processing
insurance claims.

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 Applications of RPA

• Healthcare: Medical organizations can use RPA for handling patient records, claims, customer support,
account management, billing, reporting and analytics.

• Human resources: RPA can automate HR tasks, including onboarding and offboarding, updating
employee information and timesheet submission processes.

• Supply chain management: RPA can be used for procurement, automating order processing and
payments, monitoring inventory levels and tracking shipments

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 Applications of RPA

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 Example for RPA Example

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 Steps Involved in RPA

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 Difference between RPA and Regular Automation

• What distinguishes RPA from traditional IT Automation is the ability of the RPA
software to be aware and adapt to changing circumstances, exceptions and new
situations.

• Once RPA software has been trained to capture and interpret the actions of specific
processes in existing software applications, it can then manipulate data, trigger
responses, initiate new actions and communicate with other systems autonomously.

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 Difference between RPA and Regular Automation

• RPA software is particularly useful for organizations that have many different and
complicated systems that need to interact together fluidly.

• For instance, if an electronic form from a human resource system is missing a zip code,
traditional automation software would flag the form as having an exception and an
employee would handle the exception by looking up the correct zip code and entering it
on the form. Once the form is complete, the employee might send it on to payroll so the
information can be entered into the organization's payroll system.

• With RPA technology, however, software that has the ability to adapt, self-learn and
self-correct would handle the exception and interact with the payroll system without
human assistance.
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 Top RPA Vendors

• Automation Anywhere Inc. provides an enterprise digital workforce platform geared

toward procure-to- pay, quote-to-cash, HR, claims other back-office processes.

• Blue Prism focuses on providing organizations in regulated industries with more agile
virtual workforces, offering desktop-aligned robots defined and managed centrally.

• Edge Verve Limited, an Infosys company, helps enterprises modernize customer

service, improve business processes and enhance productivity.

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 Top RPA Vendors

• Help Systems enables companies to streamline IT and business operations by

automating tasks and workflows without the need to.

• UiPath offers an open platform to help organizations efficiently automate business

processes.

• Workfusion combines robotics, AI-powered cognitive automation and workforce

orchestration to automate enterprise business processes

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 Advantages and Disadvantages of RPA

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 Future of RPA

• Robotic process automation is just getting started. As the technology matures and
becomes more widespread, we'll see increasing innovation in automation both from
the creators of RPA solutions and from the businesses that use them.

• One of RPA's greatest strengths is its ability to interface and merge with other
technology.

• The next years will see a growth in RPA working with other powerful solutions,
including cognitive computing and business process management applications.

• The use of software robots has the potential to change work as we know it.

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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

What Are Processes?

• Definition:
A process is a sequence of steps or tasks designed to achieve a specific business objective. In
RPA, processes are automated workflows replicating human actions.
• Key Characteristics:
• Rule-Based: Processes follow predefined rules or logic.
• Structured: Steps are executed in a specific order.
• Repetitive: Suitable for tasks performed frequently with minimal variation.
• Examples of Processes:
• Data entry from invoices into a database.
• Generating reports by extracting data from various systems.
• Processing employee leave applications.
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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

2. Importance of Flowcharts in RPA

• Definition:
A flowchart is a graphical representation of a process that uses symbols to depict the flow of tasks,
decisions, and outcomes.
• Why Use Flowcharts?
• Simplifies Complexity: Visual representation makes it easier to understand complex processes.

• Improves Communication: Serves as a universal language between technical and non-technical

stakeholders.
• Supports Automation Design: Helps identify automation opportunities and potential bottlenecks.
• Standardization: Ensures consistent understanding of the process across teams.

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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

4. Designing Flowcharts for RPA

Steps:
1. Identify the Process:
1. Understand the business requirement.
2. Break down the process into logical steps.
2. Define Inputs and Outputs:
1. Specify the data required and the expected outcome.
3. Map Decision Points:
1. Identify where the process involves decision-making or branching.
4. Optimize the Process:
1. Remove redundant steps.
2. Standardize tasks for better automation compatibility.
5. Validate the Flowchart:
1. Review with stakeholders to ensure accuracy.

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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

5. Best Practices for Process and Flowchart Design

1. Keep It Simple:
1. Avoid overly complicated workflows; break them into smaller modules if necessary.
2. Use Standard Symbols:
1. Stick to standard flowchart conventions for clarity.
3. Focus on Automation Feasibility:
1. Identify tasks that are rule-based and repetitive.
4. Document Assumptions:
1. Clearly note conditions and rules in the flowchart.
5. Iterate and Improve:
1. Continuously refine the process after deployment based on feedback and performance.
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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

6. Practical Applications of Processes and Flowcharts in RPA

1. Process Discovery:
1. Flowcharts are used during the discovery phase to map out existing workflows for
automation feasibility.
2. Workflow Implementation:
1. RPA tools like UiPath or Automation Anywhere allow importing or designing flowcharts
to define automation workflows.
3. Error Handling:
1. Decision points in the flowchart help plan error-handling mechanisms.
4. Collaboration Tool:
1. Acts as a bridge between business analysts, RPA developers, and stakeholders.
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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

7. Example: Simple Invoice Processing Flowchart

• Process Description:
• Automating data entry from invoices into an accounting system.
• Steps:
1. Start.
2. Retrieve invoice file.
3. Extract invoice details (using OCR if needed).
4. Validate data (e.g., amount, date).
1. If invalid → Log error.
2. If valid → Proceed to step 5.
5. Enter data into the accounting system.
6. Confirm successful entry.
7. End.
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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

• Tools for Creating Flowcharts

• Microsoft Visio
• Lucid chart
• Draw.io
• UiPath Studio (Activity Flowcharts)

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 Processes & Flowcharts in RPA

Here is an image of a flowchart representing a simple invoice

processing workflow.

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 Programming Constructs in RPA

• Programming constructs in RPA are foundational elements

used to build efficient and logical workflows. These constructs
mimic traditional programming techniques, allowing the
development of flexible, scalable, and intelligent automation
processes.

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 Programming Constructs in RPA

1. What Are Programming Constructs?

Programming constructs are predefined structures or techniques
used to create logic in a program or workflow. In RPA, they
enable bots to make decisions, repeat actions, and interact with
data dynamically.

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

• Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is best suited for automating

repetitive, rule-based processes that involve structured data.
Identifying the right processes is critical for successful
automation and achieving desired business outcomes.

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

Characteristics of Processes Suitable for Automation

Processes that can be automated typically share these characteristics :
Characteristic Description

Rule-Based Tasks that follow a well-defined set of rules or logic.

Repetitive Frequently repeated tasks with minimal variation.
Processes that involve handling large volumes of data or
High Volume
transactions.

Structured Data Inputs and outputs are well-organized and predictable.

Standardized Processes that are uniform across the organization or workflow.

Low Exception Rate Processes with minimal variations or exceptions.

Tasks that interact with digital systems, such as databases or

Digital Input/Output
applications.

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

2. Types of Processes Ideal for Automation

a. Data Entry and Migration

Manual entry of data into systems.
Transferring data from one system to another (e.g., legacy systems to ERP).
Example: Updating employee records in HR systems.

b. Data Extraction and Processing

Extracting data from emails, documents, or websites.
Processing data for reporting or analytics.
Example: Scraping product prices from e-commerce websites.

c. Report Generation
Generating regular reports from data in multiple systems.
Consolidating data from various sources into a single format.
Example: Weekly sales reports for management.
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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

d. Customer Service and Support

Responding to common customer queries using chatbots or email templates.
Updating ticket status in service management systems.
Example: Automated responses to FAQs in customer emails.

e. Invoice and Payment Processing

Reading invoice details using OCR (Optical Character Recognition).
Matching invoices to purchase orders.
Example: Automating accounts payable workflows.

f. Human Resources Processes

Employee onboarding: Collecting and verifying documentation.
Payroll processing: Calculating and disbursing salaries.
Example: Automating leave approvals or expense reimbursements.
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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

g. IT and System Management

User account creation, updates, and deactivation.
Monitoring system health and sending alerts.
Example: Resetting user passwords or managing network configurations.

h. Compliance and Auditing

Monitoring transactions for compliance with regulations.
Automating audit trail creation for key processes.
Example: Ensuring adherence to GDPR or HIPAA regulations.

i. Marketing and Sales

Lead management: Capturing and distributing leads to sales teams.
Sending personalized marketing emails.
Example: Tracking website visitors and generating reports.
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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

j. Supply Chain and Logistics Inventory management:

Updating stock levels.
Tracking shipments and notifying customers
Example: Automating purchase order creation.

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

4. What Processes Cannot Be Fully Automated?

• While RPA is powerful, some processes are unsuitable for automation due to:
• Unstructured Data: Inputs that are highly variable or lack a defined format (e.g.,
handwritten notes).
• High Exception Rate: Processes requiring frequent manual intervention.
• Complex Decision-Making: Tasks involving subjective judgment or creative input.
• Low Volume: Rarely performed tasks with minimal ROI for automation.

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

Steps to Identify Automatable Processes

1. Assess the Current Process:
1. Is it repetitive?
2. Does it follow clear rules?
2. Determine ROI:
1. How much time and cost can be saved?
2. What is the impact on efficiency?
3. Check Feasibility:
1. Is the process digital and structured?
2. Are there any technical limitations?

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

6. Benefits of Automating Processes

Efficiency: Faster execution of repetitive tasks.
Accuracy: Reduced errors and improved data quality.
Cost Savings: Lower operational expenses.
Scalability: Ability to handle large workloads.

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 What Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?

7. Examples of Automated Process Workflow

Example: Invoice Processing
1. Start.
2. Read email and download attached invoices.
3. Extract invoice data using OCR.
4. Match invoices with purchase orders.
5. Update the accounting system.
6. Notify the finance team.
7. End.

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 Types of Bots in RPA

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) bots are software robots that

mimic human actions to perform repetitive tasks efficiently. They
come in various types, each designed for specific use cases.
Understanding the types of bots helps in choosing the right one
for automation projects.

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 Types of Bots in RPA

1. Attended Bots
• Definition:
Attended bots work alongside humans and are triggered or guided by human actions. They are
typically used for tasks requiring partial human intervention.
• Key Features:
• Operates on the user’s machine.
• Requires manual initiation or input.
• Ideal for front-office tasks.
• Use Cases:
• Customer service: Filling forms or retrieving customer data during a call.
• Sales: Assisting sales representatives by automating repetitive tasks during interactions.
• Example Workflow:
An agent triggers the bot to fetch customer details from multiple systems during a support call.
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 Types of Bots in RPA

2. Unattended Bots
• Definition:
Unattended bots operate independently without human intervention. They are designed to run in
the background on servers or virtual machines.
• Key Features:
• Fully autonomous.
• Scheduled or triggered by predefined events.
• Ideal for back-office tasks.
• Use Cases:
• Invoice processing: Extracting data and updating accounting systems.
• Data migration: Transferring information between legacy systems and modern platforms.
• Example Workflow:
The bot is scheduled to extract and process data from an invoice repository every night.
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 Types of Bots in RPA

3. Hybrid Bots
• Definition:
Hybrid bots combine the capabilities of attended and unattended bots, allowing seamless
collaboration between humans and bots.
• Key Features:
• Switch between attended and unattended modes.
• Supports both front-office and back-office tasks.
• Use Cases:
• End-to-end process automation that requires occasional human validation.
• Claims processing: Automating the workflow while escalating exceptions to human operators.
• Example Workflow:
A hybrid bot automates a claims process and notifies a human operator for manual review when
anomalies are detected.
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 Types of Bots in RPA

4. Cognitive Bots
• Definition:
Cognitive bots use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to perform tasks requiring
complex decision-making or unstructured data processing.
• Key Features:
• Can interpret and process natural language (NLP).
• Learn and improve over time.
• Handle unstructured or semi-structured data.
• Use Cases:
• Chatbots: Engaging in natural language conversations with customers.
• Fraud detection: Analyzing patterns to detect anomalies in transactions.
• Example Workflow:
A cognitive bot processes resumes by extracting unstructured information and matching it against job
requirements.

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 Types of Bots in RPA

5. Chatbots
Definition:
Chatbots are designed to simulate human conversations and assist users through text or voice
interactions.
Key Features:
Can handle structured and natural language queries.
Often integrated with websites, applications, or messaging platforms.
Use Cases:
Customer support: Answering FAQs and guiding users.
Virtual assistants: Scheduling meetings or retrieving information.
Example Workflow:
A chatbot answers user inquiries on a website and escalates complex issues to a human agent.

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 Types of Bots in RPA

6. Scheduled Bots
Definition:
Scheduled bots execute tasks at predefined times or intervals without needing triggers.
Key Features:
Works according to a predefined schedule.
Ensures timely completion of repetitive tasks.
Use Cases:
Generating daily sales reports.
Performing system health checks.
Example Workflow:
A bot generates a summary report at 7:00 AM every day.
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 Types of Bots in RPA

7. Trigger-Based Bots
• Definition:
Trigger-based bots execute tasks based on specific triggers, such as events, system alerts,
or conditions.
• Key Features:
• Operates automatically upon trigger activation.
• Suitable for event-driven workflows.
• Use Cases:
• Monitoring email inboxes for specific keywords and taking action.
• Reacting to changes in a database or file.
• Example Workflow:
A bot monitors a folder for new files and processes them upon detection.
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 Types of Bots in RPA

8. Integration Bots
• Definition:
Integration bots facilitate the interaction and data exchange between multiple systems or
applications.
• Key Features:
• Acts as middleware for connecting disparate systems.
• Automates API interactions and data synchronization.
• Use Cases:
• Integrating CRM with email marketing tools.
• Syncing data between ERP and HR systems.
• Example Workflow:
An integration bot automatically updates customer details in both the CRM and billing systems.

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 Types of Bots in RPA

9. Custom Bots
• Definition:
Custom bots are tailored for specific organizational needs or processes that standard bots
cannot handle.
• Key Features:
• Built with custom logic and workflows.
• Requires specialized development.
• Use Cases:
• Industry-specific automation tasks.
• Unique workflows with complex requirements.
• Example Workflow:
A custom bot automates medical coding by aligning data with healthcare regulations.
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 Types of Bots in RPA

10. Mobile Bots

• Definition:
Mobile bots are designed to perform tasks on mobile devices or support mobile app
automation.
• Key Features:
• Operate on mobile platforms.
• Automate mobile-specific tasks like notifications or data entry.
• Use Cases:
• Sending SMS notifications for updates.
• Automating app testing processes.
• Example Workflow:
A mobile bot logs into a banking app to extract transaction history for analysis.
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 Workloads which can be automated

• Workloads That Can Be Automated Using RPA

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) excels in automating workloads that are repetitive,
rule-based, and involve processing structured or semi-structured data. Automating
these workloads enhances efficiency, reduces errors, and saves time across various
business functions.

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 Workloads which can be automated

1. Characteristics of Automatable
Workloads
Workloads suitable for automation share these traits:
Characteristic Description
Repetitive Tasks Tasks performed frequently and in the same manner.
Defined workflows that follow consistent logic or
Rule-Based Processes
business rules.
Workloads involving large-scale data handling or
High Volume of Data
transactions.
Processes that involve interacting with digital
Digital Inputs/Outputs
systems, applications, or data.
Data organized in a predefined format (e.g.,
Structured Data
spreadsheets, databases).

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 Workloads which can be automated

2. Examples of Automatable Workloads

a. Data Entry and Management
Automated entry of data into systems.
Updating records across multiple systems.
Examples:
Inputting customer data into a CRM system.
Updating inventory levels in ERP platforms.
b. Invoice Processing
Extracting data from invoices using OCR.
Validating invoice details against purchase orders.
Examples:
Automating accounts payable workflows.
Sending payment confirmations to vendors.
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 Workloads which can be automated

c. Report Generation
• Automating the consolidation of data from various sources.
• Creating reports for analytics or compliance.
• Examples:
• Weekly sales reports.
• Monthly financial performance summaries.

d. Email and Communication Management

• Automating responses to common inquiries.
• Routing emails based on content or priority.
• Examples:
• Sending acknowledgment emails to customers.
• Distributing newsletters to segmented audiences.
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 Workloads which can be automated

e. Customer Support Tasks

• Automating FAQ responses with chatbots.
• Assigning support tickets based on keywords or urgency.
• Examples:
• Categorizing customer complaints.
• Responding to basic queries about order status.
f. Human Resources (HR) Workloads
• Employee onboarding and offboarding workflows.
• Payroll processing and benefits administration.
• Examples:
• Collecting employee information during onboarding.
• Automating leave approval processes.
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 Workloads which can be automated

g. IT and System Management

• User account provisioning and deactivation.
• Monitoring and resolving system alerts.
• Examples:
• Resetting passwords automatically.
• Scheduling regular system health checks.
h. Compliance and Audit Workloads
• Monitoring transactions for regulatory compliance.
• Generating audit reports.
• Examples:
• Ensuring GDPR compliance by automating data processing.
• Tracking and logging system activities.

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 Workloads which can be automated

i. Marketing and Sales Tasks

• Lead management and scoring.
• Sending personalized marketing campaigns.
• Examples:
• Automating the segmentation of email lists.
• Tracking website visitors for lead generation.
j. Supply Chain and Logistics
• Automating order processing and shipment tracking.
• Inventory monitoring and replenishment.
• Examples:
• Generating purchase orders for low-stock items.
• Tracking delivery status and updating customers.

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3. Industry-Specific Workloads

Industry Automatable Workloads

Loan application processing, KYC verification, fraud
Banking
detection.
Claims processing, patient record management,
Healthcare
appointment scheduling.
Order management, inventory updates, price
Retail
comparison.
Production scheduling, quality control, inventory
Manufacturing
tracking.
Billing automation, service provisioning, customer
Telecommunications
support.

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 Workloads which can be automated

Complex Workloads Requiring Advanced Automation

• Some workloads are automatable but may require advanced tools or techniques
such as cognitive automation or AI for tasks involving unstructured data.
• Examples:
• Extracting information from handwritten forms (OCR with AI).
• Analyzing customer sentiment in emails or reviews (NLP).

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5. Benefits of Automating Workloads

• Efficiency: Faster processing of repetitive tasks.
• Accuracy: Reduction in human errors.
• Cost Savings: Lower operational costs due to automation.
• Scalability: Handle large volumes of data or transactions seamlessly.
• Improved Productivity: Freeing employees for strategic tasks.

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6. Steps to Identify Automatable Workloads

1. Analyze the Process:
1. Is it repetitive and rule-based?
2. Assess ROI:
1. How much time and cost can be saved?
3. Check Feasibility:
1. Does the process involve digital systems and structured data?
4. Prioritize:
1. Focus on high-volume, high-impact tasks first.

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 RPA Advanced Concepts

• Advanced concepts in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) go

beyond basic automation and focus on scaling, optimizing, and
enhancing automation workflows. These concepts enable
organizations to achieve greater efficiency, accuracy, and agility
in their automation initiatives.

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1. Standardization of Processes
• Definition:
Ensuring that workflows and processes are consistent and adhere to predefined rules before
automating them.
• Key Aspects:
• Define clear process steps and rules.
• Eliminate unnecessary variations.
• Document processes using tools like process maps and flowcharts.
• Benefits:
• Simplifies automation implementation.
• Reduces errors and exceptions.

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 RPA Advanced Concepts

2. RPA Development Methodologies

• Definition:
Structured approaches to designing, developing, and deploying RPA solutions.
• Types of Methodologies:
1. Waterfall Model:
1. Sequential phases (e.g., requirement gathering, design, development, testing, deployment).
2. Suitable for well-defined, stable processes.
2. Agile Methodology:
1. Iterative and incremental approach.
2. Enables flexibility and quick adaptation to changes.
3. Hybrid Approach:
1. Combines Waterfall and Agile for different project phases.
2. Best for complex processes requiring iterative development.

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4. Robotic Control Flow Architecture

• Definition:
The logical structure and flow of actions executed by RPA bots.
• Key Components:
1. Trigger Mechanisms:
1. Start the bot based on schedules, events, or user actions.
2. Control Flow:
1. Decision-making logic (e.g., If-Else, loops, conditions).
3. Error Handling:
1. Mechanisms to manage and recover from exceptions.
4. Integration Points:
1. Connection to other systems, APIs, or databases.
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5. RPA Business Case

• Definition:
A documented justification for implementing RPA, outlining the potential benefits, costs, and risks.
• Steps to Build a Business Case:
1. Identify processes suitable for automation.
2. Calculate potential ROI.
3. Outline implementation costs (e.g., licenses, development).
4. Highlight qualitative benefits (e.g., improved customer satisfaction).
5. Assess risks and challenges.

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6. Process Design Document (PDD) / Solution Design Document (SDD)

• Definition:
Detailed documentation used to design and describe the automation workflow.
• Components of PDD:
 Process description.
 Inputs, outputs, and business rules.
 Exceptions and handling mechanisms.
• Components of SDD:
 Technical specifications.
 Bot architecture and integrations.
 Implementation steps and configurations.

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 RPA Advanced Concepts

8. Risks & Challenges with RPA

• Potential Risks:
 Scalability Issues: Difficulty scaling automation across large organizations.
 Process Changes: Frequent changes to underlying processes can disrupt bots.
 Employee Resistance: Fear of job loss can lead to low adoption.
 Data Security: Improper implementation may expose sensitive information.
• Mitigation Strategies:
 Implement robust change management practices.
 Conduct security audits.
 Provide employee training and upskilling.

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9. RPA and Emerging Ecosystem

• Integration with Advanced Technologies:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI):
1. Enhances decision-making and unstructured data processing (e.g., chatbots, NLP).
2. Example: Extracting insights from customer feedback.
2. Machine Learning (ML):
1. Enables bots to learn and improve over time.
2. Example: Predicting customer behavior based on historical data.
3. Optical Character Recognition (OCR):
1. Converts scanned documents and images into machine-readable text.
2. Example: Automating invoice data extraction.
4. Process Mining:
1. Analyzing existing workflows to identify automation opportunities.
2. Example: Mapping end-to-end supply chain processes.

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10. Advanced RPA Concepts in Practice

a. Intelligent Process Automation (IPA):
• Combines RPA with AI/ML for advanced capabilities like predictive analytics and
unstructured data handling.
b. Bot Orchestration:
• Managing and coordinating multiple bots to work together seamlessly across
processes and systems.
c. Attended vs. Unattended Bots in Complex Workflows:
• Designing workflows that integrate both attended and unattended bots to handle
front-office and back-office tasks.

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 RPA Advanced Concepts

11. Future Trends in RPA

• Hyper automation:
Integration of RPA with other technologies to automate complex processes end-to-
end.
• Low-Code/No-Code Development:
Simplifying bot development to empower business users (citizen developers).
• RPA-as-a-Service (RPAaaS):
Cloud-based solutions offering scalable automation on demand.

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 Question

Q1. Describe the RPA.

Q2.Define the Scope and technique of RPA(Robotic Process Automation).
Q3.Why RPA Used Define it.
Q4.Define Process And Flow Chart in RPA.
Q5.Describe the Benefits of RPA.

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 Question

Q1. Define Best Practices for Process and Flowchart Design.

Q2. What Are Programming Constructs?
Q3. Which type of Processes Can Be Automated in RPA?
Q4. Define BOTS in RPA With Two Example.
Q5. Define RPA Development Methodologies.

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 Thank
You
92
Sachin Kashyap BMCA0401 Unit 1
06/29/2025