GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

RAIPUR

PRESENTATION
ON
Design & Analysis Of Rectangular & Circular Microstrip
Patch
Antenna For 5G Application

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

Project Guide : Presented By:

Mr. Ravi Kumar Khemesh Mourya(301602821055)
(Assistant Professor) Jatin Verma(301602821007)
Department of Electronics & Saurav Singh(301602821010)
Telecommunication
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVE
 LITRATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
ABSTRACT

Microstrip antennas, or patch antennas, are a significant innovation

in communication systems, offering compact, lightweight, and cost-
effective solutions for wireless applications. While their concept
originated in the 1950s, practical designs emerged in the 1970s due
to advancements in materials and fabrication techniques,
spearheaded by Howell and Munson. Comprising a thin metallic patch
on a grounded dielectric substrate, these antennas can adopt various
shapes like rectangular or circular to suit specific applications. Widely
used in satellite communication, radar, and mobile devices, their
versatility supports diverse polarization, multiband operation, and
beam steering. Despite challenges like narrow bandwidth and low
efficiency, ongoing research continues to improve their performance.
INTRODUCTION
A microstrip patch antenna is a compact and versatile antenna design
consisting of a thin metallic patch on a dielectric substrate with a grounded
underside. The dielectric slab’s thickness ranges between 0.03λ and 0.05λ,
while the patch dimensions are typically λ/3 to λ/2. Dielectric materials with
permittivity between 2.2 and 12 are chosen based on the requirements of the
RF or microwave circuit integrated on the same board, often fabricated using
photo-etching technology. The antenna operates by conducting current through
a feed line to excite the patch, generating electromagnetic waves that primarily
radiate from its edges, with some energy reflected due to the substrate’s small
thickness. While the design facilitates some radiation through discontinuities,
much of the energy remains trapped, resulting in reduced efficiency. Despite
this limitation, microstrip patch antennas are widely studied and used due to
their simplicity, compactness, and ease of integration into communication
systems.
OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project is to design a microstrip patch antenna

with specific operating characteristics such as desired frequency,
bandwidth, and radiation pattern. The design will involve selecting
appropriate parameters such as patch dimensions, dielectric
substrate, and feed configuration. The antenna will be simulated
using HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) software to
analyze its performance in terms of impedance matching, return
loss, radiation pattern, and efficiency. The goal is to optimize the
design for a specific application, ensuring efficient radiation and
minimal signal loss, while also exploring the effects of varying
substrate materials and geometries on the antenna's performance.
 LITRATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH PAPER YEAR AUTHOR OUTCOME

LoRa Microstrip Patch M. S. Yahya, The outcomes of designing LoRa microstrip

patch antennas, focusing on different
Antenna: A comprehensive 2024 Umar Musa, techniques (PIFA, monopole, etc.) and their
review Socheatra performance (radiation, gain, size) for
Journal: ELSEVIER Soeung, various IoT applications. It highlights
(Alexandria Engineering Zainab Yunusa, design challenges like optimizing for
multiple frequency bands and achieving
Journal) Shipun A. Hamzah long range with compact antennas.
Design and Simulation for Mohammad The outcome of the study is the design and
fabrication of a compact antenna patch
Novel Impact Microstrip 2022 Abdulrahman AL- that achieved a significant reduction in size
Patch Antenna Amoudi and Ali compared to conventional patch antennas
Journal: International Mohammad Ali while maintaining a peak gain of 4.29 db.
Journal of Advances in Rushdi This was made possible by utilizing a CRLH
transmission-line structure.
Engineering and
Management(IJAEM)
Design of Compact Circular Richa Sharma, A compact circular microstrip patch
antenna achieves 60% size reduction using
Microstrip Patch Antenna 2021 N. S. Raghava, a parasitic patch and a shorting pin,
using Parasitic Patch Asok De making it ideal for UHF band applications.
Journal: International Optimized feed and shorting pin placement
Conference of Convergence improve return loss (-21.5dB) and
METHODOLOGY

 A microstrip patch antenna works by

exciting a thin metallic patch on a
dielectric substrate, with the other side
grounded. The antenna is fed via a
transmission line that delivers current to
the patch, causing it to generate an
electromagnetic field. This field creates
electromagnetic waves that radiate from
the edges of the patch, forming the
antenna’s radiation pattern. The
radiation depends on the patch
dimensions and substrate thickness,
with some waves reflecting back due to
the thin substrate. The antenna operates
efficiently at its resonant frequency but
typically has a narrow bandwidth and
lower radiation efficiency, as much
energy may remain trapped.
FIG:- 1)MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
SOFTWARE USED

HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) is a

software by Ansys for simulating electromagnetic
behavior in high-frequency components like antennas
and microwave circuits. It uses finite element analysis
(FEA) to solve 3D electromagnetic problems and
analyze wave interactions in materials. HFSS aids in
the design, optimization, and analysis of components
such as microstrip antennas, filters, and waveguides.
It offers features like accurate electromagnetic field
simulation, design optimization, broadband analysis,
and 3D modeling. Commonly used in
telecommunications, aerospace, and electronics, HFSS
supports the development of antennas, radar
systems, and microwave devices.
RADIATION PATTERNS OF
ANTENNA

FIG 2:- MICROSTRIP ANTENNA COORDINATES

RADIATION PATTERNS OF
ANTENNA

FIG 3:- RADIATION PATTERN OF ANTENNA

MSA Parameter
Analysis
 S-Parameter Plot: The S-parameter (Scattering Parameter) plot in HFSS is a fundamental tool for
analyzing antenna performance, impedance matching, and network behavior. For antennas, S11 (return
loss) is the most critical parameter, indicating how much power is reflected back due to impedance
mismatch.[S11 < -10 dB → Good impedance matching (commonly used threshold), S11 = 0 dB → All
power is reflected (worst case)]
 VSWR Plot: The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) plot in HFSS is a key metric for evaluating
antenna impedance matching efficiency. It measures how well power is transferred from the
feedline to the antenna, with lower values indicating better matching.[1.0 = Perfect match (no
reflection), < 2.0 = Good match (standard for most antennas), > 2.0 = Poor match (significant power
loss)]
 Gain Plot: The Gain Plot in HFSS is a fundamental tool for analyzing an antenna's radiation
performance. It shows how much power is transmitted in a particular direction compared to an isotropic
radiator (dBi) or a dipole (dBd). Gain is frequency-dependent and varies with the radiation pattern.[For
most consumer antennas (Wi-Fi, IoT): 2–6 dBi is acceptable and Stability > Peak Gain: A flat
curve is better than a high but erratic gain]
 Directivity Plot: Directivity (D) measures how much an antenna focuses energy in one
direction compared to an isotropic (equal in all directions) radiator. Directivity is unitless in linear
scale and often expressed in decibels isotropic (dBi). Compare with Gain: Directivity ignores losses
and gain accounts for them.
Components of directivity in 3D polar plot-
θ-Directivity: Strongest perpendicular to the patch(broadside, θ “ 0˝).
Φ-Directivity: Uniform in azimuth for symmetric patches(e.g., circular patches).

 Radiation Efficiency: Radiation efficiency (ηᵣ) measures how efficiently an antenna converts
input power into radiated power (excluding losses due to mismatching). It does not include mismatch
losses; that’s accounted for in total efficiency.
Proposed MSA in HFSS

Rectangular Patch MSA at 38 GHz operating

S Parameter
Plot

The measurement result for return loss (S11) is -

VSWR Plot

The optimized simulated result for VSWR = 1

Gain Vs Frequency Plot

Gain = 2.6 dB
Directivity Plot
Radiation Efficiency Plot

Radiation Efficiency = 76.4%

Circular Patch Microstrip
Antenna

Circular patch MSA at 28 GHz operating frequency

S Parameter Plot

The measurement result for return loss (S11) is -14.9 dB

VSWR Plot

The optimized simulated result for VSWR = 1.4

Gain Vs.
Frequency

Gain = 6.3 dB
Directivity Plot
Radiation Efficiency Plot

Radiation Efficiency =
Proposed antenna result
APPLICATIONS

 Satellite Communication:
 Mobile and Wireless Communication:
 RadarSystems: Useful in weather monitoring,
navigation, and military radar applications.
CONCLUSION
 Microstrip antennas are compact and lightweight, making them suitable for space-
constrained applications like mobile devices and satellites.
 Their low-profile, flat structure allows for easy integration into surfaces and aesthetic
installation.
 Manufactured using standard PCB technology, they are cost-effective and easy to mass-
produce.
 They offer design versatility, supporting various shapes and adjustments to meet specific
frequency and polarization requirements.
 Their simple fabrication process makes them inexpensive compared to other antenna
types.
 Microstrip antennas can operate over multiple frequency bands, making them adaptable
for different communication systems.
 They can be integrated with other RF/microwave components on the same substrate,
simplifying system design and enhancing performance.
 Depending on the design, microstrip antennas can generate directional radiation
patterns for specific applications such as beamforming.