BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
BESS (Battery Energy Saving System)
• Supply and demand affect the distribution of electricity. Production rates vary; consumption rates vary. Battery
energy storage systems (BESS) help balance these fluctuations.
• One energy storage type is batteries. Grid-scale battery storage systems collect and hold electricity for later use.
Power can flow in multiple directions with batteries—instead of only from generation to the end consumer.
• BESS energy storage provides better reliability, reduces brownouts and allows operators to integrate more energy
sources into the mix.
• The benefit of a BESS is the integration of renewable energy sources like wind and solar during periods of low
demand (off-peak times) and feed stored energy in particular period of times (peak times / low generative times), to
reduce costs and establish benefits.
• The Main component of BESS in Batteries and Power Conversion Systems (PCS).
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Integration of PV power plants and BESS
• Although utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants are becoming a cost-
effective energy resource, there is belief within the energy industry that the
increasing penetrations of PV technologies could potentially impact grid reliability.
This is due to the variability across timescales, the forecast uncertainty of the solar
energy resource, and the impacts on both distribution and transmission systems.
• The cost of BESS has dramatically declined in recent years, presenting an
opportunity for energy storage not only to perform functions currently met by
conventional generators that serve peak electricity demand but also to provide new
opportunities for economic hybridization with variable generation, including PV.
The use of storage can change and customize the “shape” of PV production to
better match load and peak demand in many power systems, make PV
generation more flexible, and facilitate very high levels of PV generation
without curtailment.
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Configurations of BESS & PV
• DC-coupled: Battery is connected to the DC side of PV inverters, and energy stored in the battery could come only from PV. (Fig (a) )
• AC-coupled: PV and battery are collocated and have a common point of connection at the plant substation, and energy stored in the
battery could come from either PV or the grid. (Fig (b))
The benefits of the DC-coupled BESS for a large-scale PV plant shows a higher efficiency and less energy losses (with
oversized PV arrays) when compared to an AC-coupled configuration can be achieved. Moreover, the benefits of the AC
coupling over DC coupling were investigated in terms of reduced integration challenges and increased design flexibility.
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
AC-coupled vs DC-coupled BESS
There are two main configurations to integrate BESS with PV systems
Advantages Disadvantages
AC- BESS easily fitted to existing PV installations Increased cost due to the additional inverter requirement
Easy expandability and capability for separate system Decreased overall system efficiency due to more conversion stages (AC/DC,
coupled component sizing DC/ AC)
DC- Fewer system components, as a single hybrid inverter is used Requires the replacement of the existing PV inverter with a hybrid inverter
Increased overall system efficiency since it requires less PV rating and BESS capacity extension is limited by the specifications of the
coupled conversion stages (AC/DC, DC/ AC) common inverter
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
BESS Batteries
• Lithium-ion batteries have emerged in the BESS sector and are nowadays considered an attractive option, as they have
a range of advanced characteristics when compared to other battery types , such as :
• Advantage of deep discharge without degradation in their lifetime,
• High power and energy densities,
• Long lifecycle,
• Battery related cost :
• The initial, upfront investment
• The replacement costs at the end of the battery’s lifetime
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Price Trends
• Increase in manufacturing capacity has brought down the cost of
lithium ion BESSs in the past 10 years, making widespread rollout
viable.
• The price of lithium ion batteries decreased to less that $70 per kwh
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Typical schematic diagram of AC coupled PV & BESS
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
BESS Function : BESS as Backup
• PV and BESS are being used to supply all the daily energy.
PV system meeting energy demand during day and charging
batteries for energy to be used in the night
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
BESS Function : Offsetting Peak Loads
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
BESS Function : Zero Export
• As a result of the increasing number of PV installations, some electricity networks are not allowing excess PV
generation to be exported to the grid.
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BESS SIZING
(https://ratedpower.com/ )
• This guide looks at the process of sizing up batteries for a PV plant looking at three specific criteria in detail:
• Services provided
• Peak shifting is used in this specific case a process that involves proactively managing overall
demand to eliminate short-term demand spikes, which set a higher peak.
• Profitability
looking for the most cost-efficient solution
• Tender recommendations or requirements
• In Spain, for example, a BESS that’s sized at 5% of the total power installed in the PV plant would be looked upon very
favorably and receive high scores.
• This 20% estimation is based on battery energy storage systems requirements in the U.S. market.
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BESS SIZING
(https://ratedpower.com/ )
• Tender recommendations or requirements
• In Spain, for example, a BESS that’s sized at 5% of the total power installed in the PV plant would be looked upon very
favorably and receive high scores.
• This 20% estimation is based on battery energy storage systems requirements in the U.S. market.
VP installed power 10 MW 100 MW 250 MW
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TRINA STORAGE
Why Trina Storage (Solar + Storage )?
• Trina Storage delivers flexible and high-quality energy storage solutions to its customers. Our mission is to
lead the transition to renewable energy through cost-effective and superior storage solutions. We’re
dedicated to providing “Solar for Everyone”.
• we are the partner of choice for simple, safe and scalable energy storage.
• They combine high-quality LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries and PCS (Power Conversion System) in a
containerized solution with software (BMS, EMS) and services like monitoring and support.
• LFP has a high energy density, long life, and low self-discharge rate, making them an attractive option for grid-scale energy storage.
• Trina Storage only uses Tier 1 components to deliver the most reliable solutions.
• Flexible Trustworthy, expert partner network and strong supply chain
• Our local teams on the ground are experienced in solving specific local challenges.
• Up to 20-year warranty
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TRINA STORAGE
Why Trina Storage?
• Renewable integration at scale is giving rise to grid instability. Energy storage is the answer to this challenge. Trina
Storage combines energy storage systems with Smart Energy Management and Control systems to maximise system
performance and cost-efficiency.
• “Trina Storage is one of the most promising and reliable brands in the energy storage market and has now become a
member of the BVES (German Energy Storage Association).
• Trina Storage will also be presenting the success of the recent 50 MW grid-scale battery storage project at Burwell,
Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom, which is owned by SMS plc.
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TRINA STORAGE
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TRINA STORAGE
Review some important factors
TSMG4073-H-E Trina storage Elementa 2
Nameplate capacity 4073KWh 5015KWh
Nominal Power 2036.5 KW 2507.5 KW
Dimension 8x2.4x2.8 m 8x2.4x2.8 m
Weight 35 T 42.5 T
PV installed power (with 5% BESS) 40 MW 50 MW
PV installed power (with 20% BESS) 10 MW 12.5 MW
The average 2024 price of a BESS 20-foot DC container in the US is
expected to come down to US$148/kWh, down from US$180/kWh last year,
a similar fall to that seen in 2023, as reported by Energy-Storage.news,
when CEA launched a new quarterly BESS pricing monitor.
TSMG4073 : 4073*148 = 602,804 Should compare with 10 MW PV plant
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Production & Solutions
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TRINA STORAGE SOLUTION SLD
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European Market
• According to a report by Wood Mackenzie (2022), Europe's grid-scale energy storage capacity will expand 20-fold by 2031.
• In 2022 alone, European grid-scale energy storage demand saw a tremendous 97% year-on-year growth, deploying 2.8GW/3.3GWh.
• Over the next decade, the top 10 markets in Europe will add 73 GWh of energy storage, amounting to 90% of new deployments.
• The UK will retain its crown as the region's leading grid-scale storage market through to 2031, adding 1.5GW/1.8GWh in 2022
alone. The UK holds the largest storage project pipeline in Europe, with 25 projects above 100 MW.
• According to market reports, the global utility and C&I (Commercial & Industrial) energy storage markets will attract more than
$560 billion in investment by 2040.
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TRINA STORAGE
Micro- grid
• A micro-grid is often wrongly described as a simple distributed or backup energy system, such as rooftop solar panels or emergency
generators. A key difference is that a proper micro-grid will keep the power flowing when the central power grid fails, while a solar
panel or generator alone will not do this, unless it is connected through intelligent systems.
• A micro-grid is local
• A micro-grid is independent
• A micro-grid is intelligent and automated – no human intervention is needed
• What are the main benefits?
• Here are three main benefits:
• Microgrids can lower energy costs
• Microgrids improve the environment
• Microgrids strengthen the central power grid
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TRINA STORAGE
Micro- grid
• Peak Power Shaving
• For commercial applications, arguably the most important function of energy storage, is peak shaving. Business utility bills are calculated largely based on the peak power
demand in a given period no matter how many times this peak is seen. To ensure that the business is subject to a lower utility bill they can tune their energy strategy to ensure
that they take the standard power demand from the grid and service the peak power spikes using fast response stored energy. Battery Systems are well suited to provide this
service and guarantee that no power above a pre-determined threshold will be drawn from the grid during peak times. The additional power is provided by the battery which is
then recharged from the grid (or renewables) when it is cost effective to do so.
• Energy Load Shifting
By charging the battery with low-cost energy during periods of excess renewable generation and discharging during periods of high demand, Battery Systems can both reduce
renewable energy limitations and maximise the value that the energy developers can sell to the market. Battery energy storage systems therefore allow businesses to shift energy
usage by cost effectively charging batteries from renewable sources and discharging the stored energy when it would be more expensive to take energy directly from the grid.
• Micro-grid Installations
Renewable generation in conjunction with Battery Storage Solutions opens up the concept of building micro-grids to replace or compliment the local grid with a scalable
economically viable alternative. Micro-grids can be used in certain large commercial facilities or even powering entire communities in island based scenarios. A great example
of this is our Maldives electrification project that replaced diesel generators and saved 2.6 million litres of diesel being used annually and dramatically reduces noise pollution
especially at night.
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TRINA STORAGE
Renewable Integration
• As wind and solar energy adoption continues to
grow, energy grids can be impacted by the
intermittent nature of RE sources.
• Incorporating battery storage technology is the
most cost-effective option for the safe and
successful integration of renewables.
• Other benefits of renewable integration include
the management of short-term variability on the
power grid and a modernization of the grid.
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TRINA STORAGE
Energy Shifting
• Energy storage can be utilized to shift the peak
generation from the PV system as energy
demand fluctuates.
• It saves energy during periods when demand is
low.
• Installed storage captures solar energy and
allows local utilities to be more independent in
their energy mix.
• Energy shifting enables organizations to get the
maximum revenue from their PV generator,
enabling higher DC/AC ratios for PV plants as
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Renewables Curtailment Avoidance
• Production may be curtailed by a grid operator
for various reasons, such as increasing the
stability of the network.
• At the same time, energy storage allows PV
excess energy to be stored and delivered when
needed
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TRINA STORAGE
Frequency Regulation
System
•Frequency regulation is known as a crucial
method for stable power grid operation:
• Grid over frequency
(when generation is higher than demand)
Inverter power output is curtailed and energy is
stored
through charging batteries
• Grid under frequency
(when generation is lower than demand)
Inverter power output is increased by discharging
the
batteries and injecting more power to the grid
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ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
On-grid Off-grid Hybrid
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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
)BESS (Battery Energy Saving System
• ) BESSسیسEتم ذخEیره انEرژی مبتEنی بEر بEاتری) بEرای حEالت دهنEده هEای
مختلEف بهEره بEرداری On Gridو Off GridقابEل طEراحی و تEامین بEوده تEا از
این طریEق از بهبEود عملکEرد ،پایEداری و قEابلیت اطمینEان شEبکه اطمینEان
حاصل گردد.
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شرح پروژه طراحی و ساخت سیستم ذخیره ساز انرژی در
گروه مپنا
کلیات
• با توجه به افزایش سرعت رشد در تکنولوژی ساخت باتریها ،ازجمله باتریهای لیتیوم یون و مبدلهای قدرت دو سویه و
کاهش قیمت تمام شده این باتریها ،شاهد رشد روز افزون در استفاده از سیستم های ذخیره ساز انرژی مبتنی بر
شارژ و دشارژ باتری در سطوح جهانی هستیم.
• می توان گفت بخشی عظیم از آینده صنعت برق در گرو این قبیل تکنولوژیها خواهد بود .در همین راستا سیستم
BESSمبتنی بر شارژ و دشارژ باتریهای لیتیوم یون در گروه مپنا ،با طراحی و ساخت شرکت مکو و برای نخستین
بار در ایران انجام شده است.
• در واقع این سیستم در زمانهای کم باری با اخذ توان از شبکه و ذخیره آن در باتری ها ،امکان مشارکت در تزریق
توان به شبکه برق را در شرایط پرباری (به ویژه فصل گرمای تابستان) فراهم می کند و به این شکل با از میان
برداشتن قطع بارهای ناخواسته ناشی از افزونگی مصرف ،احتمال بی برقی شبکه را کاهش می دهد.
• مبنای طراحی و ساخت این سیستم بر پایه باتریهای لیتیوم یون با خروجی ولتاژ نهایی ۷۵۰ولت و مبد لهای دو سویه
با قدرت ۲۵۰کیلو وات است ،طراحی ماژوالر به کارگرفته شده ،امکان ساخت و تولید سیستم BESSرا در
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ظرفیتهای مختلف ممکن می کند.
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شرح پروژه طراحی و ساخت سیستم ذخیره ساز انرژی در
گروه مپنا
سیستم ذخیر ه ساز انرژی شرکت مکو () BESS (Battery Energy Saving System
سیسEEEEEتم نخسEEEEEتین
BESSشXرکت مهندسXی و
سXاخت بXرق و کنXترل مپنXا
(مکXو) بEا ظEرفیت یEک مگEاوات
سEاعت این امکEان را فEراهم می
کنEد کEه در زمEا نهEای غEیر پیEک،
انEرژی بEرق را ذخEیره کEرده و در
سEEاعات پربEEاری ،منبEEع قابEEل
اطمینEانی جهت کمEک بEه تEأمین
تEوان مصEرفی باشEد .مEاژوالر
بEEودن ،امکEEان سEEفارش بEEا
ظرفیتهEای گونEاگون و متناسEب
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شرح پروژه طراحی و ساخت سیستم ذخیره ساز انرژی در
گروه مپنا
کانتینر و جانمایی تجهیزات
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BESS COSTS
Key Components of BESS Costs
• Battery Costs
Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular due to their high energy density, efficiency, and long life cycle. (50%-60%)
• Balance of System (BoS) Costs
BoS includes all components other than the battery, such as inverters, transformers, cooling systems, wiring, and structural supports. Inverters are crucial as they convert the
stored DC energy into AC energy usable by your home or the grid. These components can add up to 30-40% of the total BESS cost.
• Installation and Labor Costs
Installation involves skilled labor, permits, and any necessary site preparations. On average, installation costs can account for 10-20% of the total expense.
• Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
Unlike traditional generators, BESS generally requires less maintenance, but it’s not maintenance-free. Routine inspections, software updates, and occasional component
replacements can add to the overall cost. O&M costs are typically lower for lithium-ion systems due to fewer moving parts, but they should still be factored into your long-term
budget.
• Energy Management Software Costs
Modern BESS solutions often include sophisticated software that helps manage energy storage, optimize usage, and extend battery life. This software can be an added expense,
either as a one-time purchase or a subscription model. Effective software can lead to cost savings over time by ensuring the system operates at maximum efficiency.
• End-of-Life and Recycling Costs
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BESS COSTS
BESS Cost Analysis: Breaking Down Costs Per kWh
• To better understand BESS costs, it’s useful to look at the cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) stored. As of recent data, the
average cost of a BESS is approximately $400-$600 per kWh. Here’s a simple breakdown:
• Battery Cost per kWh: $300 - $400
• BoS Cost per kWh: $50 - $150
• Installation Cost per kWh: $50 - $100
• O&M Cost per kWh (over 10 years): $50 - $100
The total cost of a BESS is calculated by adding the costs of the battery, BOS and EPC. As an example, consider a 3-
hour $200/kWh battery with BOS costs totaling $300/kW. If you convert all costs to kW, the 3-hour $200/kWh battery
would cost $600/kW. Adding the $300/kW BOS component would make the total cost of the BESS $900/kW.
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Making the Investment: Is BESS Worth It?
• While the upfront cost of BESS can seem high, the long-term benefits often justify the investment. BESS can lead to
significant energy savings, greater energy independence, and reduced carbon footprints. For businesses and utilities,
the ability to manage peak loads and provide backup during outages adds an extra layer of value.
• Additionally, as the technology continues to advance, costs are expected to decline further, making BESS even more
accessible.
• Understanding the full cost of a Battery Energy Storage System is crucial for making an informed decision. From the
battery itself to the balance of system components, installation, and ongoing maintenance, every element plays a role
in the overall expense. By taking a comprehensive approach to cost analysis, you can determine whether a BESS is
the right investment for your energy needs.
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BESS COSTS
BESS Cost Description
Costs of BESS are typically described in two ways:
• ➢ Cost per kW (MW) – the total installed cost of the system divided by the instantaneous output power rating of the system. Must
specify as $/kW-AC (preferred) or $/kW-DC.
• ➢ Cost per kWh (MWh) – the cost of the system divided by its projected energy output. The appropriate unit of measure is $/kWh-
AC (preferred) or $/kWh-DC.
• One must also specify whether this is based on the useable storage capacity versus the rated storage capacity, if different. This cost
metric can be expressed in the following ways:
• o Installed cost – the equipment cost of the battery, balance of system (BOS) costs plus any engineering, procurement and
construction (EPC) costs.
• o Levelized cost – the “all-in” cost to design, construct and utilize the BESS over the course of its useful life. Notably, this includes
maintenance costs, effects of battery degradation (i.e., decreased output), etc.
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BESS COSTS
BESS Cost Description
Costs of BESS are typically described in two ways:
• ➢ Cost per kW (MW) – the total installed cost of the system divided by the instantaneous output power rating of the system. Must
specify as $/kW-AC (preferred) or $/kW-DC.
• ➢ Cost per kWh (MWh) – the cost of the system divided by its projected energy output. The appropriate unit of measure is $/kWh-
AC (preferred) or $/kWh-DC.
• One must also specify whether this is based on the useable storage capacity versus the rated storage capacity, if different. This cost
metric can be expressed in the following ways:
• o Installed cost – the equipment cost of the battery, balance of system (BOS) costs plus any engineering, procurement and
construction (EPC) costs.
• o Levelized cost – the “all-in” cost to design, construct and utilize the BESS over the course of its useful life. Notably, this includes
maintenance costs, effects of battery degradation (i.e., decreased output), etc.
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BESS COSTS
The Importance of LiFePO4 Cell Voltage
• LiFePO4 cells, (LFP) batteries, are widely used in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics. Voltage
plays a critical role in determining the performance and efficiency of these cells. Understanding the optimal voltage range is crucial
for maximizing their potential.
• Optimal Voltage Range for LiFePO4 Cells
LiFePO4 cells operate within a specific voltage range to ensure optimal performance and longevity. The nominal voltage of a single LiFePO4 cell is
approximately 3.2 volts. However, it's important to note that the actual voltage can vary depending on the cell's state of charge and load conditions.
• Minimum Voltage
The minimum voltage of a LiFePO4 cell is typically around 2.5 volts. Operating the cell below this threshold can result in irreversible damage and
significantly reduce its lifespan. It is crucial to monitor the voltage levels and prevent excessive discharge to maintain the health of the battery.
• Maximum Voltage
On the other end of the spectrum, the maximum voltage of a LiFePO4 cell is around 3.6 to 3.8 volts. Going beyond this voltage limit can lead to
overcharging, which can cause thermal runaway and compromise the safety of the battery. Therefore, it is essential to employ proper charging
mechanisms to prevent overvoltage conditions.
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BESS COSTS
Impact of Voltage on LiFePO4 Cell Performance
Voltage directly affects the capacity, energy density, and overall performance of LiFePO4 cells. Let's explore
how different voltage levels impact the cell's characteristics:
• Capacity and Energy Density
The capacity of a LiFePO4 cell is typically measured in ampere-hours (Ah). Higher voltages enable the cell to
store more energy and increase its overall capacity. This means that a LiFePO4 cell with a higher voltage will
have a higher energy density, allowing it to power devices for a longer duration.
• Power Output
Voltage also plays a significant role in determining the power output of LiFePO4 cells. A higher voltage can
deliver more power, making it suitable for applications that require high-performance capabilities. This is
particularly advantageous in electric vehicles and other high-demand scenarios.
• Efficiency
Efficiency is a crucial factor in battery-operated systems. LiFePO4 cells operate with high efficiency, and
voltage affects this parameter. By maintaining the voltage within the optimal range, you can ensure that the
cells operate at their highest efficiency levels, maximizing energy utilization and minimizing wastage.
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BATTERY C RATE
Battery Charectristics
C Rate
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