Object Oriented

Programming
Topics To Be Covered Today
 Interface
◦ Interface vs. Class
 Interface inheritance
◦ Multiple Inheritance with Interface
◦ Java 8 Default Method in Interface
◦ Default Methods and Multiple Inheritance
◦ Java 8 Static Method in Interface
 Abstract Class vs. Interface
Interface
 A blueprint of a class which has static constants
and abstract methods.
 A mechanism to achieve abstraction

◦ There can be only abstract methods in interface

 A class implements an interface, thereby inheriting
the abstract methods of the interface.
◦ A class that implements interface must implement all the
methods declared in the interface.
◦ Java Interface also represents IS-A relationship.
 It cannot be instantiated just like abstract class.
Interface VS Class
 Writing an interface is similar to writing a class.
But:
◦ A class describes the attributes and behaviors of an
object.
◦ While an interface contains behaviors that a class
implements.
 a class extends another class, an interface
extends another interface but a class
implements an interface.
Interface is similar to class
 An interface is similar to a class in the following
ways:
◦ An interface can contain any number of methods.
◦ An interface is written in a file with a .java extension, with
the name of the interface matching the name of the file.
◦ The byte code of an interface appears in a .class file.
◦ Interfaces appear in packages, and their corresponding
bytecode file must be in a directory structure that
matches the package name.
Interface is different from a class
 An interface is different from a class in several
ways:
◦ An interface cannot be instantiated.
◦ An interface does not contain any constructors.
◦ All of the methods in an interface are abstract.
◦ An interface cannot contain instance fields. The only
fields that can appear in an interface must be declared
both static and final.
◦ An interface is not extended by a class.
 it is implemented by a class.
◦ An interface can extend multiple interfaces.
Why use Java interface?
 There are mainly three reasons to use interface
◦ It is used to achieve abstraction.
◦ By interface, we can support the functionality of multiple
inheritance.
◦ It can be used to achieve loose coupling.
 Loose coupling just means that components are able to work
together without assuming anything about the internal
workings of each other.
 https://
[Link]/questions/19483626/how-is-loose-couplin
g-achieved-using-interfaces-in-java-when-an-implementation
-c
How to declare interface?
 Interface is declared by using interface keyword
/* File name : [Link] */
public interface NameOfInterface {
// Any number of final, static fields
// Any number of abstract method declarations
}
 Interfaces have the following properties:
◦ An interface is implicitly abstract.
 You do not need to use the abstract keyword while
declaring an interface.
◦ Each method in an interface is also implicitly abstract, so
the abstract keyword is not needed.
◦ Methods in an interface are implicitly public and abstract
while all fields are public, static and final by default.
Internal addition by compiler
 Interface fields are public, static and final by
default, and methods are public and abstract.
 The java compiler adds internally:

◦ public and abstract keywords before the interface

method.
◦ public, static and final keywords before data members.
Example
 Printable interface having only one method
 Implementation is provided in the InterfaceExp

class.

//What if I remove public??

Implementing Interfaces
 When a class implements an interface, there are
several rules:
◦ Sign a contract, agreeing to perform the specific
behaviors of the interface.
 If a class does not perform all the behaviors of the interface,
the class must declare itself as abstract
◦ An interface can extend another interface, in a similar
way as a class can extend another class.
◦ A class can extend only one class, but can implement
more than one interface at a time.
Interface Example: Drawable
Explanation
 In this example:
◦ Drawable interface has only one method.
◦ Its implementation is provided by Rectangle and Circle
classes.
◦ In real scenario, interface is defined by someone but
implementation is provided by different implementation
providers.
◦ And, it is used by someone else.
 The implementation part is hidden by the user
which uses the interface.
Multiple inheritance by interface
 If a class implements multiple interfaces, or an
interface extends multiple interfaces i.e. known as
multiple inheritance
Example
Question
 Q)Multiple inheritance is not supported through
class in java but it is possible by interface, why?
 Answer:
 multiple inheritance is not supported in case of

class because of ambiguity

 But it is supported in case of interface because

there is no ambiguity
◦ As implementation is provided by the implementation
class not the implemented interface
Example
Example
Interface inheritance: Extend Interface
Extending Multiple Interfaces

//Multiple Inheritance
Java 8 Default Method in Interface
 Since Java 8, we can have method body in
interface. But we need to make it default method
Default Methods and Multiple
Inheritance
 Suppose, both the implemented interfaces contain
default methods with same method signature,
then which method will be called ???
 The implementing class should explicitly specify

which default method is to be used or it should

override the default method.
Contd.
Java 8 Static Method in Interface
 Since Java 8, we can have static method in
interface
Question
Q) Can an Interface be final?
◦ No, because its implementation is provided by another
class.
Q)Can we define private and protected modifiers for
variables in interfaces?
◦ No, they are implicitly public.
Q) What is similarity between abstract class and
interface?
◦ both are used to achieve abstraction where we can
declare the abstract methods.
◦ both can't be instantiated.
Abstract Class VS Interface
 Abstract class can have  Interface can have only
abstract and non- abstract methods.
abstract methods. ◦ Since Java 8, it can
 Abstract class doesn't have default and static
support multiple inheritance. methods also.
 Abstract class can have final,
 Interface supports multiple
non-final, static and non- inheritance.
static variables.
 Interface has only static and
final variables.
 Abstract class can provide  Interface can't provide the
the implementation of
implementation of abstract
interface.
class.
 The abstract keyword is used  The interface keyword is
to declare abstract class. used to declare interface.
Abstract class Interface
Abstract Class VS Interface(Contd.)
 An abstract class can  An interface can extend
extend another class and another interface only.
implement multiple  An interface class can be
interfaces. implemented using keyword
 An abstract class can be “implements”
extended using keyword ◦ Interface can also be extended
using extend keyword
“extends”.  Members of a Java
 An abstract class can have
interface are public by
class members like private,
default.
protected, etc.
public abstract class Shape{ public interface Drawable {
public abstract void draw(); void draw();
} }

Abstract Class Interface

Example of abstract class and
interface in Java
Contd..
Questions?