Electrical Terminologies and
Functions
TPS604750
Prepared by Mahnoor Maalik Goraya
ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS
• Comparing these two types of engineering is like
comparing the meaning of electric vs electronic.
Electrical devices convert electrical energy into
other forms of energy, for example heat, light or
sound. Electronic devices control the flow of
electrons in order to perform a task. While
electrical engineering is concerned with the large-
scale production and distribution of electrical
power, electronic engineering focuses on smaller
electronic circuits.
MATTER
• Matter can be defined as anything that has
mass and has volume and is the substance of
which physical objects are composed.
• Mass is the amount of matter in a given object
• The four categories or states are: solids, liquids,
gases, and plasma.
• For the purposes of the aircraft technician,
only solids, liquids, and gases are considered.
ELEMENTS
• An element is a substance that cannot be
reduced to a simpler form by chemical means.
Iron, gold, silver, copper, and oxygen are
examples of elements.
COMPOUNDS
• A compound is a chemical combination of two
or more elements.
• Water is one of the most common compounds
and is made up of two hydrogen atoms and
one oxygen atom
MOLECULES
• Substances composed of only one type of
atom are called elements.
• The smallest particle of matter that can exist
and still retain its identit y, such as water
(H₂O), is ca lled a molecule.
ATOMS
• The atom is considered to be the most basic
building block of all mat ter.
• Atoms a re composed of three subatomic
particles.
• The main propert y that def ines each element
is the number of neutrons, protons, and
electrons
• Structure in figure 1-3 of module
ELECTRONS, PROTONS, AND NEUTRONS
• Proton number= number of protons= atomic num
• At the center of the atom is the nucleus, which
contains the protons and neutrons.
• The protons are positively charged particles, and
the neutrons are a neutra lly charged particle.
• The neutron has approximately the same mass as
the proton.
• The third particle of the atom is the electron that
is a negatively charged particle w
ELECTRON SHELLS AND ENERGY LEVELS
• Electrons require a certain amount of energy
to stay in an orbit. This particular quantity is
called the electron's energy level.
• . The maximum number of electrons that can
be contained in any shell or sub-shell is the
same for all atoms and is defined as Electron
Capacity = 2n2.
Other concepts
• VALENCE ELECTRONS
• IONS
• FREE ELECTRONS
• CONDUCTORS: possess many free electrons and
make good conductors
• INSULATORS : atoms in these materials do not
produce free electrons
• SEMICONDUCTORS: This material falls in bet ween
the characteristics of conductors and insulators
Submodule 2
STATIC ELECTRICITY
• The buildup of an electrical charge on the
surface of an object is known as static electricity.
• A sphere made of conductive material has
electric charge on the outer surface. The charge
on the inside is neutral.
• To prevent damage to electronic equipment
when handling, the technician must take
precautions to prevent EDS which stands for
electrostatic discharge.
• ATTRACTIVE AND REPULSIVE FORCES
• UNITS OF CHARGE: A single elementary charge (e) is
the charge that a single proton (or electron) possesses. The
coulomb (C) is an SI derived unit of electrical charge.
• ELECTROSTATIC FIELD A field of force exists
around a charged body. This field is an electrostatic
field (sometimes called a dielectric field)
• is represented by lines extending in all directions
• CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY: Electric current is the
movement of valence electrons, sea of valance electrons
Electric field
• a region around a charged particle or
object within which a force would be
exerted on other charged particles or
objects.
• An electric field is an invisible force
field created by the attraction and
repulsion of electrical charges (the
cause of electric flow), and is
measured in Volts per meter (V/m).
Electric field strength
• Electric field strength is a
quantitative expression of the
intensity of an electric field at a
particular location. The standard unit
is the volt per meter (V/m or V·m-1).
• The intensity of the electric field
decreases with distance from the
field source.
Sub-Module 03
SI PREFIXES USED FOR ELECTRICAL
CALCULATIONS
CONVENTIONAL FLOW AND ELECTRON
FLOW
• In electron flow theory, electrons flow form negative towards
positive.
• The amount of current that will flow through a conductor
when voltage is applied is determined by the resistance of the
conductor.
• The resistance of the conductor determines the amount of cu
r rent that f lows under the given voltage.
• ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (VOLTAGE)
