LOOPING AND DECISION MAKING
DEFINITION
o Control flow statements, change or break the flow of execution
by implementing decision making, looping, and branching your
program to execute particular blocks of code based on the
conditions
o There are 3 types of control flow statements supported by the
Java programming language
o Decision-making statements : if-then, if-then-else, switch
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
o Looping statements : for, while, do-while
o Branching statements : break, continue, return
DEFINITION
DECISION MAKING
o Decision making structures have one or more conditions to be
evaluated or tested by the program, along with a statement or
statements that are to be executed if the condition is determined
to be true, and optionally, other statements to be executed if the
condition is determined to be false
o Decision-making statements : if-then, if-then-else, switch
DECISION MAKING
IF STATEMENT
If statement consists a condition, followed by statement
or a set of statements as shown below
if (condition)
{
Statement(s);
}
IF STATEMENT
IF STATEMENT
The statements gets executed only when the given
condition is true. If the condition is false then the statements
inside if statement body are completely ignored
IF STATEMENT
IF ELSE STATEMENT
This is how an if-else statement looks
if (condition) {
Statement(s);
} else {
Statement(s);
}
The statements inside “if” would execute if the condition
is true, and the statements inside “else” would execute if the
condition is false
NESTED IF STATEMENT
When there is an if statement inside another if statement
then it is called the nested if statement
if (condition_1) {
Statement1(s);
if (condition_2) {
Statement2(s);
}
}
NESTED IF
NESTED IF STATEMENT
Statement1 would execute if the condition1 is true.
Statement2 would only execute if both the conditions( condition1
and condition2) are true
NESTED IF
SWITCH CASE
STATEMENT
Switch case statement is used when we have number of
options (or choices) and we may need to perform a different task
for each choice
SWITCH STATEMENT
SWITCH CASE
STATEMENT
The syntax of Switch case statement looks like this
switch (variable or an integer
expression) {
case constant:
//Java code
;
case constant:
//Java code
;
default:
//Java code
;
}
A KEY NOTE
o Break statement is optional in switch case but you would use it
almost every time you deal with
switch case
o Break statements are used when you want your program-flow
to come out of the switch body
o Whenever a break statement is encountered in the switch
body, the execution flow would directly come out of the switch,
ignoring rest of the case
A KEY NOTE
LOOPING STATEMENTS
Looping in programming languages is a feature which
facilitates the execution of a set of instructions/functions
repeatedly while some condition evaluates to true
There are 3 types of looping statements
o While Loop
o Do-While Loop
o For Loop
LOOPING STATEMENTS
While LOOPING
STATEMENTS
o A while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be
executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition
o The while loop can be thought of as a repeating if statement
while (Boolean
condition) {
loop statements...
}
WHILE LOOP
While LOOPING
STATEMENTS
o While loop starts with the checking of condition
o Once the condition is evaluated to true, the statements in the
loop body are executed
o Normally the statements contain an update value for the
variable being processed for the next iteration
o When the condition becomes false, the loop terminates which
marks the end of its life cycle
WHILE LOOP
DO WHILE LOOPING
STATEMENTS
o do while loop is similar to while loop with only difference that it
checks for condition after executing the statements, and
therefore is an example of Exit Control Loop.
do {
statements..
}
while (condition);
DO-WHILE LOOP
DO WHILE LOOPING
STATEMENTS
o do while loop starts with the execution of the statement(s).
There is no checking of any condition for the first time.
o After the execution of the statements, and update of the
variable value, the condition is checked for true or false value.
If it is evaluated to true, next iteration of loop starts.
o When the condition becomes false, the loop terminates which
marks the end of its life cycle.
DO-WHILE LOOP
FOR LOOPING STATEMENTS
for loop provides a concise way of writing the loop
structure. Unlike a while loop, a for statement consumes the
initialization, condition and increment/decrement in one line
thereby providing a shorter, easy to debug structure of looping.
for (initialization; condition; increment / decrement
operation)
FOR -LOOP
DEFINITION
o Initialization condition
Here, we initialize the variable in use. It marks the
start of a for loop. An already declared variable can be used or
a variable can be declared, local to loop only
o Testing Condition:
It is used for testing the exit condition for a loop. It
must return a boolean value
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
o Statement execution:
Once the condition is evaluated to true, the
statements in the loop body are executed.
DEFINITION
BREAK STATEMENT
o The break construct is used to break out of the middle of loops
o When a break statement is encountered, execution of the
current loops immediately stops and resumes at the first
statement following the current loop.
o We can have more than one break statement in a loop.
o The break command terminates only the current loop and not any
enclosing loops.
CONTINUE
o It is mostly used inside loops.
o Whenever it is encountered inside a loop, control directly
jumps to the beginning of the loop for next iteration, skipping
the execution of statements inside loop’s body for the current
iteration.
CONTINUE
QUESTION: 01
Given two integers, m and n. The task is to
check whether m!=n or m=n.
Input:
The first line of input contains T, denoting the number of
test cases. Then T test case follow. First line of each test case
contains two integer m and n separated by space.
Output:
For each test case in new line, print lesser, greater or equal for m!
=n, or m=n respectively.
Contraints:
1 <= T <= 10
-100 <= m <= 100
-100 <= n <= 100 QUESTION:01
QUESTION: 02
Program to print following pattern
Input :
Output:
1
2*2
3*3*3
3*3*3
2*2
1 QUESTION:02
