Dart – Basics and Data Types
Tushar B.
Kute,
http://tusharkute.co
m
Getting Started
• Dart is easy to learn if you know any of
Java, C++, JavaScript, etc.
• The simplest "Hello World" program gives the
idea of the basic syntax of the programming
language. It is the way of testing the system
and working environment.
• There are several ways to run the fi rst
program, which is given below:
– Using Command Line
– Running on Browser
– Using IDE
Hello World
void main()
{ print("Hello
World!");
}
Identifiers
• Identifiers are the name which is used to
define variables, methods, class, and
function, etc.
• An Identifier is a sequence of the
letters([A to Z],[a to z]), digits([0-9]) and
underscore(_), but remember that the
first character should not be a numeric.
Identifiers
• The first character should not be a digit.
• Special characters are not allowed except
underscore (_) or a dollar sign ($).
• Two successive underscores ( ) are not allowed.
• The first character must be
alphabet(uppercase or lowercase) or
• underscore.
Identifiers must be unique and cannot
• contain whitespace.
They are case sensitive. The variable name
Tushar and tushar will be treated differently.
Printing and String
Interpolation
• The print() function is used to print
output on the console, and $expression
is used for the string interpolation.
Below is an example.
void main()
{
var name =
"Tushar"; var
marks = 78.56;
print("My name is
${name} My
marks are $
{marks}");
Semicolon
• The semicolon is used to terminate the
statement that means, it indicates the
statement is ended here. It is mandatory
that each statement should be terminated
• with a semicolon(;).
We can write multiple statements in a single
line by using a semicolon as a delimiter. The
• compiler will generate an error if it is not
use properly.
Example -
var msg1 = "Hello
World!"; var msg2 =
Whitespace and Line Breaks
• The Dart compiler ignores whitespaces. It is
used to specify space, tabs, and newline
characters in our program.
• It separates one part of any
statement from another part of the
• statement.
We can also use space and tabs in our
program to define indentation and provide
• the proper format for the program.
It makes code easy to understand and
readable.
Block
• The block is the collection of the statement
enclosed in the curly braces. In Dart, we use
curly braces to group all of the statements
• in the block.
• Consider the following
syntax. Syntax:
{ //start of the block
//block of statement(s)
}// end of the block
Comments
• Comments are the set of statements that
are ignored by the Dart compiler during
the program execution. It is used to
enhance the readability of the source
• code.
Generally, comments give a brief idea of
• code that what is happening in the code.
We can describe the working of variables,
• functions, classes, or any statement that
exists in the code.
Programmers should use the comment for
better practice.
Comments
• Dart provides three kinds of
comments
– Single-line Comments
– Multi-line Comments
– Documentation Comments
Single-line Comment
• We can apply comments on a single line by
using the / / (double-slash). The single-line
comments can be applied until a line break.
• Example -
void
main(){
/ / This
will
print the
given
stateme
nt on
Multi-line Comment
• Sometimes we need to apply comments on
multiple lines; then, it can be done by using
/*…..*/. The compiler ignores anything that
written inside the / * … * / , but it cannot be nested
with the multi-line comments. Let's see the
• following example.
Example -
void
main(){
/* This is
the
example
of
multi-
Documentation Comment
• The document comments are used to generate
documentation or reference for a project/software
package. It can be a single-line or multi-line comment
that starts with / / / or /*. We can use / / / on consecutive
lines, which is the same as the multiline comment.
• These lines ignore by the Dart compiler expect those
which are written inside the curly brackets. We can define
classes, functions, parameters, and variables. Consider the
following example.
• Syntax
///This
///is
///a example of
/ / / multiline comment
Keywords
Data
Types
• The data types are the most important
fundamental features of programming
language.
• In Dart, the data type of the variable is
defined by its value.
• The variables are used to store values and
reserve the memory location.
• The data-type specifies what type of value will
be stored by the variable. Each variable has its
data-type.
• The Dart is a static type of language, which
means that the variables cannot modify.
Data
Types
• Dart supports the following built-in Data
types.
– Number
– Strings
– Boolean
– Lists
– Maps
– Runes
– Symbols
Numbers
• The Darts Number is used to store the numeric
values. The number can be two types - integer and
double.
• Integer - Integer values represent the whole
number or non-fractional values. An integer data
type represents the 64-bit non-decimal numbers
between -263 to 263. A variable can store an
unsigned or signed integer value. Ex.
int marks = 80;
• Double - Double value represents the 64-bit of
information (double-precision) for floating number
or number with the large decimal points. The
double keyword is used to declare the double type
variable.
Strings
• A string is the sequence of the
character. If we store the data like -
name, address, special character, etc.
• It is signified by using either single
quotes or double quotes. A Dart
string is a sequence of UTF-16 code
units.
var msg = "Welcome to
MITU"; print("सुस्वागतम");
Boolean
• The Boolean type represents the two
values - true and false.
• The bool keyword uses to denote
Boolean Type.
• The numeric values 1 and 0 cannot be
used to represent the true or false
value.
• bool isValid = true;
List
• The list is a collection of the ordered
objects (value).
• The concept of list is similar to an array.
An array is defined as a collection of
the multiple elements in a single
variable.
• The elements in the list are separated
by the comma enclosed in the square
bracket[].
• The sample list is given
below. var list = [1,2,3]
Map
• The maps type is used to store values in
key-value pairs. Each key is associated with
• its value.
The key and value can be any type. In Map,
the key must be unique, but a value can
• occur multiple times.
The Map is defined by using curly braces
({}), and comma separates each pair.
var student = {'name': 'Rajesh', 'age':22,
'Branch': 'Statistics'}
Rune
s
• As we know that, the strings are the sequence of
Unicode UTF-16 code units. Unicode is a
technique which is used to describe a unique
numeric value for each digit, letter, and symbol.
• Since Dart Runes are the special string of Unicode
UTF-32 units. It is used to represent the
special syntax.
• For example - The special heart character is
equivalent to Unicode code \u2665, where \u
means Unicode, and the numbers are hexadecimal
integer.
• If the hex value is less or greater than 4 digits, it
places in a curly bracket ({}). For example - An
emoji is represented as \u{1f600}.
Example
void main( ){
var heart_symbol = '\
u2665'; var laugh_symbol
= '\u{1f600}';
print(heart_symbo
l);
print(laugh_symbo
l);
}
Symbol
• The Dart Symbols are the objects
which are used to refer an operator
or identifier that declare in a Dart
program.
• It is commonly used in APIs that refers to
identifiers by name because an identifier
name can changes but not identifier
symbols.
Dynamic Type
• Dart is an optionally typed language.
• If the variable type is not specified
explicitly, then the variable type is dynamic.
The dynamic keyword is used for type
annotation explicitly.
Variable Default Value
• While declaring the variable without
initializing the value then the Dart
compiler provides default value (Null) to
the variable.
• Even the numeric type variables are
initially assigned with the null value.
• Let's consider the following
example. int count;
Final and const
• When we do not want to change a variable in the
future then we use final and const. It can be used
in place of var or in addition to a type.
• A final variable can be set only one time
where the variable is a compile-time
constant. The example of creating a final
variable is given below.
• Example -
final name = 'Rashmi';
/ / final variable without type
annotation. final String msg = 'Hi?';
/ / final variable with type
annotation.
Final and const
• The const is used to create compile-time
constants. We can declare a value to compile-
time constant such as number, string literal, a
const variable, etc.
const a = 1000;
• The const keyword is also used to create a
constant value that cannot be changed after
its creation.
var f = const[];
• If we try to change it, then it will throw an
error.
f = [12]; //Error, The const variable cannot
be change
Operators
Arithmetic Operators
• +
•-
•*
•/
•%
• Unary
–
Arithmetic Operators
void main(){
print("Example of Assignment
operators"); var n1 = 10;
var n2 = 5;
print("n1+n2 = $
{n1+n2}"); print("n1-n2
= ${n1-n2}");
print("n1*n2 = $
{n1*n2}"); print("n1/n2
= ${n1/n2}");
print("n1%n2 = $
{n1%n2}");
Increment and Decrement
• ++ and -- operators are known as
increment and decrement operators and
also known as unary operators,
respectively.
• Unary operators, operate on single operand
where ++ adds 1 to operands and -- subtract 1
to operand respectively.
• The unary operators can be used in two ways -
postfix and prefix.
• If ++ is used as a postfix(like x++), it returns
the value of operand first then increments
the value of x. If -- is used as a prefix(like +
Assignment Operators
• =
•
+=
• -=
• *=
• ~/
=
•%
=
Relational Operators
•
==
•!
=
•<
•>
•<
=
•>
Bitwise Operators
• AND &
• OR |
• EX-OR
^
• >>
• <<
•~
Type Test Operators
• as
– It is used for typecast.
• is
– It returns TRUE if the object has
specified type.
• is!
– It returns TRUE if the object has not
specified type.
Type Test Operators
void main()
{
var num = 10;
var name =
"Skillologies";
print(num is int);
print(name is!
String );
}
Logical Operators
•&
&
• ||
•!
Conditional Operators
• The Conditional Operator is same as if-
else statement and provides similar
functionality as conditional statement.
• It is the second form of if-else statement.
It is also identified as "Ternary Operator".
The syntax is given below.
• Syntax 1 -
condition ? exp1 : exp2
If the given condition is TRUE then it
returns exp1 otherwise exp2.
Conditional Operators
• Syntax 2 -
exp1 ??
expr2
If the exp1 is not-null, returns its
value, otherwise returns the
exp2's value.
Conditional Operators
void main()
{ var x =
null; var y
= 20;
var val = x ??
y; print(val);
}
Conditional Operators
void main()
{ var a =
30;
var output = a > 38 ? "value greater than
10":"value lesser than equal to 30";
print(output);
}
The parse()
• The parse() function converts the numeric string
to the number. Consider the following example -
void main(){
var a =
num.parse("20.56"); var
b = num.parse("15.63");
var c = a+b;
print("The sum is = $
{c}");
}
The number properties
The number methods
Strings
• String is a sequence of the character or UTF-16
code units. It is used to store the text value. The
string can be created using single quotes or
• double-quotes.
The multiline string can be created using the
triple- quotes. Strings are immutable; it
• means you cannot modify it after creation.
In Dart, The String keyword can be used to
declare the string.
Strings
• String msg = 'Welcome to
MITU'; or
• String msg1 = "This is double-quoted string
example."; or
• String msg2 = ' ' '
line1 line2
line3'''
Strings
• The + or += operator is used to merge the two
• string.
String Interpolation
– The string interpolation is a technique to
manipulate the string and create the new
string by adding another value.
– It can be used to evaluate the string including
placeholders, variables, and interpolated
expression.
– The ${expression} is used for string
interpolation.
The expressions are replaced with
their corresponding values.
Strings
• Properties and
Methods
Useful web resources
• www.mitu.co.in
• www.pythonprogramminglanguage.
• com
• www.scikit-learn.org
• www.towardsdatascience.com
• www.medium.com
• www.analyticsvidhya.com
• www.kaggle.com
• www.stephacking.co
m
www.github.com
Thank you
This presentation is created using LibreOffice Impress 5.1.6.2, can be used freely as per GNU General Public
License
/ @mitu_grou /company/ MITUSkillologie
mITuSkillologies p mitu- s
skillologies
Web Resources
https://mitu.co.in
http://tusharkute.c
om
[email protected]
[email protected]
om
