Random

Samplin
g
Right Samples. Real
Result

PRESENTED BY group
 Group Quantify
1 Tasfia Isalm ( leader) 4 Ommme Sayeba
4119005 4119008

Jobair Ahammed Rafe

2 Mukta kar 5 4119009
4119001

Anesha
3 Afsan Zani Ananda 6 Ahmed
4119006 4119004
 Lesson
1.Int
Outline
roduction to Random Sampling
2.Simple Random Sampling
3.Stratified Sampling
4.Systematic Sampling
5.Multi-Stage Sampling
6.Summary & Comparison
7.Conclusion & Final Thoughts
 Introduction
Random Sampling is a way of selecting a group of
people or items from a larger group (called a population)
so that everyone has an equal chance of being chosen.
It helps to make fair and unbiased conclusions about the
whole group without checking every single member.
 Types of Random
1
Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Every member of the population has
Use a lottery method or a
random number generator.
an equal chance of being selected.

Stratified Random Sampling

2 The population is divided into smaller Divide → Randomly pick from
groups (called strata) based on shared each group.
characteristics, and then a random sample
is taken from each group.

Systematic Random Sampling Pick a random starting point

3 Select every kth member from a list, after → then choose every 5th,
randomly choosing a starting point. 10th, etc.
Multistage Sampling First, randomly select groups
4 Sampling is done in stages, using → then randomly select
a combination of methods. individuals within those
groups.
 Simple Random
Sampling
A probability sampling method where each member of the population
has an equal and independent chance of being selected, with
selections made randomly without any systematic pattern.

RANDOM NUMBER
LO T T E RY M E T H O D TA B L E S

This is a traditional sampling method. In this, each In this method, researchers can use pre-printed
member of the population is assigned a unique tables that contain random numbers. Each number
number. All numbers are placed in a container (like a corresponds to a member of the population.
box or hat), and numbers are drawn randomly without
looking. For example , if you have a list of participants
numbered from 1 to N, you can look up random
For example, suppose you have 100 employees and numbers in the table and select participants based
want to select 10. Then, you would write numbers 1 to on those numbers.
100 on slips of paper, mix them, and draw 10 slips.
 Stratified
sampling DEFINITION
Stratified Sampling is sampling method where the entire
population is divided into smaller groups (called strate) based on
STEPS shared characteristics. Then samples are taken from each group
in proportion to their size.

1 Find the whole group.

Example
Make smaller groups (by age,
2 class, etc) A school asks students
• Groups= class 6,7,8
Decide how many from each • Pick 10 students from
3 group. each class
• Now every class is
Pick randomly from each group, included
4

Mix them together.

5
 Systematic
Sampling
STEPS
DEFINITION
List all members of the
Systematic sampling is a method 1 population in a logical order.
where you select every k-th item from
a population list, starting at a random Decide on your desired
2 sample size.
point.

Example Calculate k using the

You have a class of 30 students, and you want to select 3
formula: k =N/n
5 students for a survey.

Randomly choose a starting number

• Step 1: k = 30 ÷ 5 = 6 4
• Step 2: Randomly pick a starting number between 1 between 1 and k.
and 6. Let’s say you pick 3.
• Step 3: Now select every 6th student starting from Select every k-th member from
3: 5
the list to form your sample.
• 3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, 27th student.
 Multi-stage
sampling
Multi-stage sampling is a complex form of cluster sampling in which
large populations are divided into groups (or clusters), and then a
sample of these groups is selected. Within each selected group,
further sampling is done to eventually reach individual units.

It is used when:
• The population is too large or scattered for simple random
sampling.
• A complete list of the population is unavailable.
 Steps of Multi-
Stage Example
Sampling:
Research Topic: A study on rural healthcare
1.Divide the population into large groups
facilities in Bangladesh.
(first-stage units)
• 1st Stage: Divide Bangladesh into all 64
2.Randomly select some of these groups
districts.
3.Within selected groups, divide further into
• 2nd Stage: Randomly select 8 districts.
smaller sub-groups (second-stage units)
• 3rd Stage: From each selected district,
4.Select a sample of these sub-groups
randomly choose 3 upazilas.
5.Repeat this process as needed (third-stage,
• 4th Stage: From each upazila, randomly
fourth-stage, etc.)
select 2 villages.
6.Finally, select individual units (people,
• Final Stage: From each village, select 5
households, etc.) from the last-level groups
households to interview.
 Comparison Table –
Random Sampling
Sampling Methods
How It Works When to Use Advantages Limitations
Method

Every member has an equal chance Small, homogeneous Easy to implement, Can be inefficient for
Simple Random using pure randomness populations unbiased large populations

Ensures
Divide into subgroups (strata), then Population has clear Requires knowledge
Stratified randomly sample subgroups
representation of all
of subgroup sizes
groups

When population list Quick, easy, no Risk of periodicity

Select every k-th member after a
Systematic random start
is available and subgroup division bias if there’s a
evenly spread needed pattern

Very large, Flexible and cost- More complex,

Sampling in stages using
Multi-Stage combinations of methods
geographically effective for large- increased risk of
dispersed populations scale data sampling error
 Conclusi
on
Random sampling helps reduce bias and improve accuracy.

Each type suits different research needs:

• Simple Random = Best for general small samples.

• Stratified = Great for analyzing specific subgroups.

• Systematic = Useful when a list is available.

• Multi-Stage = Ideal for big or scattered populations.

Key takeaway: Choosing the right method makes your results more
reliable.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING