21 Century

st

Literature from the

Philippines and
the World

Prepared by: CHARINA N. MATA

 Lesson
1
Introduction
The focus of the first part of the book is the different genres that
exist in the 21st Century Philippine Literature such as the
following:

Poetry Flash Fiction

Text Tula Speculative Fiction

Chick Lit Essay

What is
Literature
?
 What is
Literature?
- is a term used to
describe written and
sometimes spoken
material.
What is
Literature?
-derived from the Latin
word literatura meaning
“writing formed with
letters”
What is
- most commonly refers to works
Literature?
of the creative imagination,
including poetry, drama, fiction,
non-fiction, and in some
instances, journalism and song.
(thoughtco.com/what-is-
literature-740531
 It is the beautiful expression of man’s
personal interpretations of some aspect of
human life, or a wording out in a unique,
beautiful, and personal manner of saying
what an author thinks is a passionate
meaning of life. This is saying that literature
not only becomes but is “life itself.”
-Amador Daguio
Activit
“If your life were a book, poem, or
movie, what would the title be?
Draw or write your ‘Literature
Selfie’ on a piece of paper!”
Include on the paper:
o📖 Title of Your Life Story
o✍️Tagline or line from your story (can be a
quote, lyric, or something they made up)
o🎭 Genre (e.g., drama, comedy, action, fantasy)
o✏️Optional drawing or symbol that represents
them
 📖 LITERATURE SELFIE

📖 TITLE OF MY LIFE STORY:

_______________________________________________

✍️TAGLINE / QUOTE (one line that sums up your story):

_______________________________________________

🎭 MY LIFE GENRE (circle one or add your own):

💬 Comedy ⚔️Drama Fantasy 🔍Mystery 💘Romance ⚔️ Action 🌍
Adventure ✍️
Magical Realism Spoken Word ✍️ Others: ___________

🎨 SYMBOL or DOODLE (Draw something that represents YOU as a story):

[Draw Here]

🧠 Reflection: Why did you choose this title or genre?

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

📌 Your story matters. Just like literature, every life is a powerful narrative!
Pre-colonial
literature
This is the period when
--

we did not have papers

and pen to use.
•How do you think did
our ancestors write
their literary works
and pieces?

•How do you think did

they communicate
their stories?
 Pre-
colonization
Oral and written literatures
were present In our
culture even before
colonizers came. We had
our own alphabet that our
Malayan ancestors used.
The written literary forms
did not last because of the
materials used such as:
1. leaves,
2. bamboo canes, and
3. the ground
But the oral literature continued
by word of mouth like:
1. riddles
2. proverbs
3. folksongs and folktales
4. myth and legends, etc.
 Riddles
• Riddles are generally poetic in form and
come in one, two, three or four lines.
• During the pre-colonial period, riddles serve
as a form of folk speech and are about the
battle of the wits.
• Riddles use one or more images to refer to
an object to be guessed. The use of obscure
words has been invented for the purposes
of rhyme and meter.
Very often, obscure or vague words appear as proper
names, fictitious names of animals, also to meet the
need of rhyme. Sometimes the riddle may be in the
form of a direct question. These riddles are called as
tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in
Ilongo and patotdon in Bicol. One prominent element
present in riddles is the use of a metaphor. Riddles
describe something by comparing it to another that
has no significant relation to it but has similarities.
Then anyone can try guessing what the thing being
described is.
What are metaphors?
-is a figure of speech that uses direct
comparison of two unlike things or ideas
without using the words ―like or ―as.
Example:
Dear Lord: Let thou be the street cleaner Whilst I be the
road (Prayer by NVM Gonzales)
In the example above, the Lord is being compared to a
street cleaner and the one praying compared himself to
the road
 Folk Narratives
-consist of myths, legends and
folktales.
Myths are prose narratives
explaining how the world and
people came to be in their form.
These were the first tools man used
to define his world. The origin of the
surrounding world has always been
the object of interest of prehistoric
 Proverbs
-The proverbs or aphorisms
express norms or codes of
behavior, community
beliefs or they instill values
by offering nuggets of
wisdom in short, rhyming
verse.
Proverbs
The extended form,
tanaga, a mono-riming
heptasyllabic quatrain
expressing insights and
lessons on life is "more
emotionally charged than
the terse proverb and thus
has affinities with the folk
Proverbs
Filipino proverbs or
Tagalog proverbs or
salawikain, echo the values
of the Philippines. Though
they have been retold and
passed down from one
generation to another, and
the values and lessons they
impart to us still hold true to
Proverbs
Example:
If you plant, you harvest.
Kung may tinanim, may
aanihin. It means that your
future will be the result of
your actions today. Plan
ahead.
 Activity
List down some proverbs
or salawikain that you may
have heard from your
elders. Then give the
lesson that it is trying to
impart on us.
Folksongs
-a form of folk lyric which expresses
the hopes and aspirations, the
people's lifestyles as well as their
loves.
These are often repetitive and
sonorous, didactic and naive as in
the children's songs or Ida-ida
(Maguindanao), tulang pambata
(Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing
(Ibanag).
Folksongs
- A few examples are the lullabyes or Ili-ili
(Ilongo); love songs like the panawagon and
balitao (Ilongo); harana or serenade (Cebuano);
the bayok (Maranao); the seven-syllable per line
poem, ambahan of the Mangyans that are about
human relationships, social entertainment and
also serve as a tool for teaching the young; work
songs that depict the livelihood of the people
often sung to go with the movement of workers
such as the kalusan (Ivatan), soliranin (Tagalog
rowing song) or the mambayu, a Kalinga rice-
pounding song; the verbal jousts/games like the
duplo popular during wakes.
Epics
-Epics in the Philippines during
the pre-colonization are
considered ethno-epics because
they are histories of various
ethnic groups. The epics come in
various names: Guman
(Subanon); Darangen (Maranao);
Hudhud (Ifugao); and Ulahingan
(Manobo).
Epics
-These epics revolve
around supernatural
events or heroic deeds and
they embody or validate
the beliefs and customs
and ideals of a community.
Epics
- Ex.
Lam-ang (Ilocano); Hinilawod (Sulod);
Kudaman (Palawan); Darangen
(Maranao); Ulahingan
(LivunganenArumanen Manobo);
Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The
Maiden of the Buhong Sky from
Tuwaang--Manobo); Ag Tobig neg
Keboklagan (Subanon); and Tudbulol
(T'boli)
Prose Fiction
-presents a story that is invented and not
literally “true”.
-It is written to be read rather than acted or
performed and the events depicted are told to us
by a narrator, not enacted or dramatized.
-One example of this is a myth.
Myth is often a story of origins, how the world and
everything in it came to be. It may explain a
practice, belief or natural occurrence.
Read the given example of a Myth

“Tungkung Langit
and Alunsina”
Adapted by F. Landa Jocano
Processing
1.Are there other stories of creation that
you have heard before? Please share it
in class.
2. How is this story similar or different
from the myth given above?
3. Have you heard of the story of Adam
and Eve? Do you see any similarities and
differences between Adam and Eve and
Tungkung Langit and Alunsina? Please
discuss them in class.
ACTIVITY
Compare and contrast the story of creation
as told by the story of Tungkung Langit and
Alunsina to the story of creation that
appears in Genesis from the Catholic religion
bible.
1. Write the similarities and differences of
the god mentioned in Tungkung Langit
and Alunsina to the god mentioned in the
Catholic bible.
2. What are the similarities and differences
in the creation of the universe in both
stories?
3. How about the similarities and differences
To compare means to look
at two or more things and
identify their similarities-
how they are alike.

To contrast means to focus

on their differences- how
they are not alike.
THA
NK YO