ELASTIC
DEFORMATION
Elasticity
Materials bodies which get stretched on the application
of a force and regain its original length and shapes on
the removal of the deforming force are called elastic
bodies. This property of the material bodies is known as
elasticity.
Length of the body before applying the stretching force
is called unstretched length.
Length of the body after applying the stretched force is
called the stretched length.
Difference between the stretched and the unstretched
length of the body is known as extension.
Hooke’s law
A material obeys Hooke’s Law if, the extension is directly
proportional to the stretching force within the limit of
proportionality.
Load a Extension
F=Ke
Here “K “ is called as spring constant and “e”
Is extension
Extension – load graph
The table below shows how the extension of s spring
varies with force applied (load).
Load /N 0 1 2 3 4 5
Extension /mm 0 10 20 30 40 58
The extension – load graph shown below has plotted the
information given on the table
• OX is the region where Hooke’s law is obeyed, that is
extension is directly proportional to the stretching force.
• X is the point of limit of proportionality. (The point
beyond which the extension of an object is no longer
proportional the load producing it is called limit of
proportionality.)
• E is its elastic limit. Up to E, the spring behaves
elastically and returns to its original length when the
load is removed. Beyond E the spring will not regain its
original length when the stretching force is removed and
the spring is left permanently stretched when the load is
removed.
Spring constant of spring can be calculate by using
formula:
Force = spring constant × extension (F = Ke)
Spring constant of this spring is:
K = F/e = 2 / 20 = 0.1 N/mm
Example question:
A spring of original length 3.0 cm is extended to a total length of
5.0 cm by a force of 8.0 N.
(a) Calculate the spring constant of the spring.
Ans: extension = 5 – 3 = 2 cm
F = Ke
K = F/e = 8/2 = 4N/cm
(b) Assuming the limit of proportionality of the spring has not
been reached; calculate the force needed extend it to a total
length of 6.0 cm.
Ans: extension = 6 – 3 = 3cm
F = Ke = 4 × 3 = 12N
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1. A helical spring of natural length 20 cm
is stretched to 24 cm by a force of 20 N.
What force is required to stretch the
spring to a length of 30 cm?
2. A spring, of original length 10.0 cm
stretches to 12.0 cm when a force of 40
N is applied to it. What is the extension
of the spring when a force of 26 N
is applied?
3. A 10 N load produced an extension of 5
cm. What force produce an
extension of 15 cm?
would
Problem Solving
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4. A spring has an unstrecthed length of 12.0 cm.
its stiffness k is 8 N/cm. What load is needed to
stretch the spring to a length of 15.0 cm?
5. A spring requires a load of 2.5 N to increase its
length by 4 cm. the spring obeys Hooke’s Law.
What load will give it an extension of 12 cm?
6. An elastic bungee cord has near plastic
elasticity as long as the applied stretching force
does not exceed 5.00 N. When no force is
applied to the cord, it is 1.00 m long. When the
applied force is 5.00 N, the band stretches to a
length of 2.00 m. How long will the cord be if a
stretching force of 2.00 N is applied?
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3. A spring is suspended from
A stand.
Loads are added and the extensions are measured.
Which graph shows the result of plotting extension against load?
Deformation
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6. An extension-load graph for a wire is
shown.
1. What is the load at the limit of
proportionality for the wire?
A 4N B 15 N C 60 N D 70 N
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8. Objects with different masses are hung on a 10 cm spring. The
diagram shows how much the spring stretches.
The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the mass hung on it.
What is the mass of object M?
A. 110 g
B. 150 g
C. 200 g
D. 300 g
