Thinking clearly means
spotting bad arguments.
BEGGING
Today, we’re focusing on
’begging question,’ a
common logical mistake
QUESTION
where an argument proves
nothing because it assumes
what it’s trying to show. This
presentation will cover its
definition, explain why it’s
important to recognize, and
highlight its key
characteristics, helping you
What is a begging
question?
“Begging question,” also known as circular
reasoning, is a logical fallacy where the premise
(the reason or evidence) of an argument already
assumes the truth of the conclusion that the
argument is trying to prove.
Characteristics
Circular Reasoning: This is its defining characteristic. The
argument’s conclusion is hidden within or directly
restated in one of its premises. It essentially circles back
on itself without providing external proof. You’re trying to
prove A is true because A is true.
No New Information or Evidence: A proper argument uses
new, independent reasons or facts to support its claim.
With begging the question, no new information is
introduced to genuinely support the conclusion; it just
Characteristics
Appears Valid (but isn’t sound): On the surface, the
argument might seem logically valid because if the
premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
However, it’s not a *sound* argument because the truth
of the premise itself is what’s being debated. It doesn’t
actually persuade anyone who doesn’t already agree with
the conclusion.
Assumes What Needs Proving: The arguer takes for
granted the very point they are trying to demonstrate.
They assume the truth of the conclusion (or a significant
Characteristics
Often Subtle: While simple examples are easy to spot,
more complex or wordy arguments can subtly embed the
conclusion within the premises, making it harder to
recognize the circularity. It might use synonyms or
slightly rephrased ideas to obscure the fact that it's
repeating itself.
Why is it important?
It’s a Flawed Argument: Arguments that beg the
question don’t actually prove anything. They just
restate the original point in a different way, leading you
in a circle instead of forward to a logical conclusion
supported by independent evidence.
It Hides Weaknesses: People often use it (sometimes
unintentionally) to avoid providing real evidence or
justification for their claims, especially when their
actual evidence is weak or non-existent.
Why is it important?
It Prevents Real Debate: If someone’s argument just
assumes its conclusion, there’s no real point for
discussion or critical analysis because the fundamental
premise is already taken for granted. It shuts down
genuine inquiry.
Critical Thinking: Recognizing this fallacy helps you
become a better critical thinker. It trains you to look for
actual supporting evidence rather than just accepting a
statement because it’s rephrased as a reason for itself.
Example
Let’s imagine a student talking to their teacher:
Student: “I deserve an A on this essay because
I’m the best student in this class, and the best
students always get A’s on their essays.”
