Cloud Computing

UNIT-II
 Cloud Services and Platforms
• Cloud provides different types of services like
• Compute
• Storage
• Database
• Application
• Content delivery
• Analytics
• Deployment, management and identity and access management.
• Infrastructure as a Service provides virtualized dynamically scalable resources using a
virtualized infrastructure.
• PaaS simplifies application development by providing development tools and APIs.
• SaaS provides multi-tenant applications hosted in the cloud.
SaaS provides multi-tenant applications hosted in the cloud.
Cloud Services and Platforms

Fig : Cloud Reference model

Middleware
Fog computing is a decentralized computing infrastructure in which
data, compute, storage and applications are located somewhere
between the data source and the cloud.
 Compute Services
• Compute services provide dynamically scalable(able to be changed
in size) compute capacity in the cloud .
• Compute resources can be provisioned on-demand in the form of
virtual machines.
Virtual machine Advantages:
• Virtualization helps to achieve the isolation of applications. Suppose you have two Virtual
Machines on your system even if one of them crashes it will not effect the other virtual Machine.
• You can have multiple operating system running on your machine simultaneously.
• It provides high availability of your applications. You can cluster your applications, even if the
application on one Virtual Machine goes down, application on the other Virtual Machine will
keep on running seamlessly(smoothly and continuously,).
 Compute Services
Features :
• Scalable: Compute services allow rapidly provisioning as many
virtual machine instances as required.
1. Vertical scale or scale-up:
Adding more compute or memory resources for your
applications increases the maximum capacity of the
server. When demand increase, there should not be
any noticeable change to your applications.
2. Horizontal scale or scale-out:
Adding more Individual servers into a resource pool where your
applications run.
 Compute Services
Features :
• Flexible: compute services give a wide range of options for virtual machines
with multiple instance types, operating systems, zones/regions etc.

• It has made employees more flexible, they may complete their tasks in and out
of the workplace. Staff may easily access all important files through web
browser.
• There is no restriction on devices and location. It simultaneously shares
business documentation and different other files.
 Compute Services
Features :
• Secure: It provides various security features that control the access
to the virtual machine instances such as security groups, access
control lists, network firewalls etc.

• Cost effective: Cloud service providers (CSP) offer various billing

options such as on-demand, reserved , spot instances.
 Compute Services
1. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud :
• Amazon EC2 is a compute service provided by amazon.
• By Click on the launch instance button we create a new
instances(single occurrence of something.) with the user choice.
• When you launch the instance you can specify the instance type
with the number of instances to launch based on the selected
Amazon Machine Image AMI and availability zones for the
instance.
• At the time launch instance the user selects a key-pair from
existing key pairs or create new one to provide secure connection
after it launch.
• Security groups are used to open or block a specific network port
for the launched instances.
• By using public DNS connect to the instances using SSH.
Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Amazon EC2 Dashboard

 Compute Services
2. Google Compute Engine
• It is a compute service provided by google.
• GCE allows the user to create an manage compute instances.
• To create a new instance the user selects an instance machine type,
zone, machine image and name of instance, instance tags and meta-
data.
• Depending on instance type it creates two disk resources like scratch
disk space and persistent disk space.
• By default, traffic between instances in the same network, over any
port and any protocol and incoming SSH connections from anywhere
are enabled.
 Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Google Compute Engine Dashboard

 Compute Services
3. Windows Azure Virtual Machines
• It is the compute service from Microsoft.
• To create a new instance, you select the instance type and the
machine image.
• You can either provide a user name and password or upload a
certificate file for securely connecting to the instance.
• Any changes made to the VM are persistently stored and new
VMs can be created from the previously stored machine images.
 Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Windows Azure VM dashboard

 Storage Services
• Cloud storage services allow storage and retrieval of any amount of
data, at any where on the web.
• Data in cloud storage services is organized into buckets or containers.
Features :
• Scalability : Cloud storage services provide high capacity and
scalability(capacity to be changed in size).
• Objects upto several tera-bytes in size can be uploaded and multiple
buckets or containers can be created on cloud storage.
• Replication : When an object is uploaded it is replicated at multiple
facilities on multiple devices within each facility.
• Access Policies : It provide Access Control Lists and
Bucket/container level policies to provide security.
• Encryption : It provide Server side encryption option to encrypt all
data stored in cloud storage.
• Consistency: Strong data consistency is provided for all uploaded and
delete operations.
 Storage Services
Amazon Simple Storage Service : (S3)
• Amazon simple storage service(S3) is an online cloud based data
storage infrastructure for storing and retrieving any amount of data.
• S3 provides highly reliable, scalable, fast, fully redundant and
affordable storage infrastructure.
• Data stored on S3 is organized in the form of buckets.
• It is necessary to create a bucket before you can store data on S3.
• You can upload any kind of file to S3.
• While uploading a file, you can specify the redundancy and
encryption options and access permissions.
Storage Services

Fig : Amazon S3 Console

 Storage Services
Google Cloud Storage
• Objects in GCS are organized into buckets.
• ACLs are used to control access to objects and buckets.
• ACLs can be configured to share objects and buckets with the entire world, a
google group, a google-hosted domain or specific google account holders.
 Storage Services
Windows Azure Storage
• It is a cloud storage service from Microsoft.
• Windows Azure Storage provides various storage service such as blob
storage service, table service and queue service.
• The blob storage service allows strong unstructured binary data or binary
large objects.
• Blobs are organized into containers.
• There are two kinds of blobs can be stored – block and page blobs.
• A block blob can be subdivided into some number of blocks.
• If a failure occurs while transferring a block blob, retransmission can
resume with the most recent block rather than sending the entire blob
again.
• Page blobs are divided into number of pages and are designed for
random access.
• Applications can read and write individual pages at random in a page
Storage Services
 Storage Services

Fig : Windows azure Storage Console

 Database Services
• Cloud database services allow you to set-up and operate relational or
non-relational data bases in the cloud.
• The benefit of using cloud database services is that it relieves the
application developers from the time consuming database
administration tasks.
• Relational databases provides by cloud services are like MySql,
Oracle, SQL Serve etc.
• The non relational data bases provided by cloud service providers are
mostly proprietary solutions, No-SQL databases are usually fully-
managed and deliver seamless throughput and scalability.
Features :
• Provisioned capacity can be scaled-up or down.
• For Heavy work loads, read-replicas can be created.
 Database Services
• Reliability : Cloud database services are reliable and provide
automated backup and snapshot options.
• Performance : Cloud database services provide guaranteed
performance with options such as guaranteed input/output operations
per second (IOPS) which can be provisioned upfront.
• Security : Cloud database services provide several security features to
restrict the access to the database instances and stored data, such as
network firewalls and authentication mechanisms.
Amazon Relational Data Store:
• Amazon relational database service(RDS) is a web service that makes
it easy to setup, operate and scale a relational database in cloud.
• The console provides an instance launch wizard that allows you to
select the type of database to create, database instance size, allocated
storage, DB instance identifier, DB username and Password.
• After creating the instance it create an end point, using this end point
you can connect instance securely.
 Database Services
Amazon DynamoDB :
• Amazon Dynamo DB is the non-relational database service from
Amazon.
• This model includes table, attributes and items.
• A table is a collection of items and each item is a collection of
attributes.
• To store data you need to create one or more tables and specify the
required throughput capacity you want to provision and reserve for
read and writes.
• It is a fully managed service that automatically spreads the stored
tables to number of servers to meet the throughput requirements
specified by the user.
• All the stored data is automatically replicated across multiple
availability zones to provide data durability.
 Database Services
Google Cloud SQL:
• It is a relational database from Google.
• It allows you to host MYSQL databases in the goolges cloud.
• It provides the ability to import and export the databases.
• To create new instance you select a region, database tier, billing plan and
replication mode.
• You can schedule daily backups for your Google Cloud SQL instances,
and also restore back-up databases.
Google Cloud Datastore:
• It is a fully managed non-relational database from google.
• It offers ACID transactions and high availability of read and writes.
• It consists of entities and each entity has one or more properties(Key
value pairs) which can be of one of several supported datatypes like
string and integer.
• The entity kind is used for categorizing the entity for the purpose of
queries and entity key uniquely identifies the entity.
 Database Services
Windows Azure SQL Databases
• Windows azure SQL database is the relational database service from the
Microsoft.
• Azure SQL Database is based on the SQL server.
• It does not give each customer a separate instance of SQL server. Instead
the Database is a multi-tenant service, with a logical SQL database server
for each customer.
Windows Azure Table Services
• It is a non-relational(No-SQL) database service from Microsoft.
• It consists of tables having multiple entities.
• Tables are divided into some number of partitions, each of which can be
stored on a separate machine.
• Each partition in a table holds a specified number of entities, each
containing as many as 255 properties.
• Each property can be one of the several supported data types such as
integers and strings.
 Application Services
• There are different types of cloud application services like application
runtime and frameworks. queuing services, email services,
notification services and media services.
1. Application Runtime and Frameworks:
• It allows the developers to develop and host applications in the cloud.
• Application runtime provide support for programming languages and
automatically allocate resources for applications without the need to
run and maintain the server.
Google App Engine(GAE)
• It is a PaaS from google and it includes both an application and web
frameworks.
Features :
• Runtimes: App Engine supports applications developed in java,
python and PHP programming languages and it provides runtime
environment for those languages.
 Application Services
• Sandbox : Applications run in a secure sandbox( testing environment)
environment isolated from other applications.
• Web Frameworks: App engine provides a simple python web
application framework called webapp2.
• Data store: App Engine provides a no-SQL data storage services.
• Authentication: App Engine applications can be integrated with
google accounts for user authentication.
• URL Fetch Service: URL Fetch service allows applications to access
resources on the internet like web services.
• Email Services: Email service allows applications to send email
messages.
• Image Manipulation service: Image manipulation service allows
applications to resize, crop, rotate, flip and enhance Images.
• Memcache: Memcache service is high performance in-memory key-
value cache service that applications can use for caching data items
that do not need a persistent storage.
 Application Services
• Task Queues: Task queues allow applications to do work in the
background by breaking up work into small, discrete units called tasks
which are enqueued in task queues.
• Scheduled Tasks Service: App Engine provides a Cron service for
scheduled tasks that trigger events at specified times and regular
intervals.
Windows Azure Web Sites:
• It is a PaaS service from Microsoft.
• It allows you to host web applications in the azure cloud.
• Azure web sites provide shared and standard options.
• In the shared option, It run on a set of virtual machines that may contain
multiple websites created by multiple users.
• In the standard option, Azure web sites run on virtual machines that
belongs to an individual user.
• It support web applications developed in [Link],PHP,[Link] and
python languages.
 Application Services
2. Queuing Services :
• Cloud-based queuing services allow de-coupling application components.
• The de-coupled components communicate via messaging queues.
• Queues are useful for asynchronous processing.
• Queues are act as overflow buffers to handle temporary volume spikes
(thin) or mismatches in message generation and consumption rates from
application components.
Amazon simple Queue Service
• It is a queuing service from Amazon.
• Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a distributed queue that supports
messages of up to 256 KB.
• SQS supports multiple writers and readers and locks messages while they
are being processed.
• To ensure high availability for delivering messages, SQS service trade-
offs on the first in first out capacity and does not guarantee that messages
will be delivered in FIFO order.
 Application Services
• Applications that require FIFO ordering of messages can place
additional sequencing information in each message so that they can be
re-ordered after retrieving from a queue.
Google Task Queue Service
• It is a queuing service from google and it is part of the Google App
Engine platform.
• Task queue allow applications to execute in background.
• Task is unit of work to be performed by an application.
• Task objects consists of application-specific URL with a request
handler for the task, and an optional data payload that parameterizes
the task.
• There two configurations for Task Queues 1. Push Queue [Link]
Queue.
• Push queue is default queue that processes tasks based on the
processing rate configured in the queue definition.
 Application Services
• Pull queues allow task consumers to lease a specific number of tasks
for a specific definition.
• The tasks are processes and deleted before the lease ends.
Windows Azure Queue Service
• It is a queuing service from Microsoft.
• Azure queue service allows storing large numbers of messages that
can be accessed from anywhere in the world via authenticate calls
using HTTP and HTTPS.
• The size of single message can be up to 64KB.
 Application Services
3. Email Services
• Cloud based email services allow applications hosted in the cloud to
send emails.
Amazon Simple Email Services (SES)
• It is a bulk and transactional email-sending service from Amazon.
• SES is an outbound- only email sending service that allows
applications hosted in the Amazon cloud to send emails such as
marketing, transactional and other types of correspondence emails.
• SES uses content filtering technologies to scan the outgoing email
messages to help ensure that they do not contain material that is
typically flagged as questionable by ISPs.
• SES used from the SES console, SMTP interface or SES API.
 Application Services
Google Email Services
• It is part of the Google App Engine platform that allows App Engine
applications to send email messages on behalf of the app’s
administrator and on behalf of users with Google Accounts.
• App engine Apps can also receive emails.
• Apps send messages using the mail service and receive messages in
the form of HTTP requests initiated by App Engine and posted to the
app.
4. Notification Services
• Cloud-based notification services or push messaging service allow
applications to push messages to internet connected smart devices
such as smartphones,tablets etc.
• It works based on publish- subscribe model in which consumers
subscribe to various topics provided by a publisher.
• When ever new content is available on one of those topics , the
notification service pushes that information out to the consumer.
 Application Services
Amazon Simple Notification Services
• It is a push messaging service from Amazon.
• It has two types of clients like publishers and subscribers.
• Publishers communicate asynchronously with subscribers by producing
and sending messages to topics.
• A topic is a logical access point or a communication channel.
• SNS can deliver notifications as SMS,email, or to SQS queues,or any
HTTP endpoint.
Google Cloud Messaging GCM)
• GCM for android provides push messaging for android devices.
• GCM allows applications to send data from the application servers to
their users, Androis devices and also to receive messages from devices
on the same connection.
• GCM provides a send to sync message capability that can be used to
inform an application to sync data from the server.
 Application Services
Windows Azure Notification Hubs
• It is a push notification service from Microsoft that provides a
common interface to send notifications to all major mobile platforms
including windows store/windows phone8,Ios and Android.
• Platform specific infrastructures called Platform Notifications
System(PNS) are used to deliver notification Messages.
• Devices register their PNS handles with the notification Hub.
• Each notification hub contains credentials for each supported PNS.
• These credentials are used to connect to the PNSs and send push
notifications to the applications.
 Application Services
5. Media Services
• Cloud service providers provide various media services for
manipulating and transforming media such as images, videos and
audio.
Amazon Elastic Transcoder
• It is a cloud based video transcoding service from Amazon.
• It is used to convert video files from their source format into various
other formats that can be played on devices such as desktops, mobiles,
tablets etc.
• It allows to perform multiple transcodes in parallel using trasncoding
pipelines.
• It works with the Amazon S3 for input and output video files are
stored.
 Application Services
Google Images Manipulation Services
• It is a part of the Google App Engine platform.
• Image Manipulation service provides the capability to resize, crop,
rotate, flip and enhance images.
• It accepts the image data directly from the App Engine apps, from
Goolge Blobstore or Google Cloud Storage.
Windows Azure Media Services
• It provides the various media services such as encoding and format
conversion, content protection and on-demand and live streaming
capabilities.
• It provides applications the capability to build media workflows for
uploading, storing, encoding, format conversion, content protection
and media delivery.
 Content Delivery Services
• Cloud based content delivery service include content delivery
networks(CDNs).
• A CDN is a distributed system of servers located across multiple
geographic locations to serve content to end users with high
availability and high performance.
• CDNs are useful for serving static content like text, images, scripts
etc.. and streaming media.
• CDNs have a number of edge locations deployed in multiple
locations, often over multiple backbones.
• Request for a static or streaming media content that is served by a
CDN are directed to the nearest edge location.
• CDN catch the popular content on the edge servers which helps in
reducing bandwidth costs and improve response times.
Content Delivery Services
Content Delivery Services
 Content Delivery Services

• Content: digital information created and/or licensed for distribution

 Content Delivery Services
•Content: digital information created and/or licensed for distribution
•Content Provider: the entity delivering the content
•Authorization: the Content Provider gives the CDN Provider permission to deliver
content
•Reporting: the Content Provider demands performance analytics from the CDN
Provider to evaluate the quality of the CDN Provider’s service and have access to other
relevant data
•Source: the Content Provider sends a copy of the content
•Request: the user requests from the Content Provider to view or locally store data
(content)
•Deliver: CDN delivers the content to the user
•User: the entity requesting data (content) from the Content Provider
 Content Delivery Services
Amazon Cloud Front
• It is a content delivery from Amazon.
• It is used to deliver dynamic, static and streaming content using a
global network of edge locations.
• The content in the cloudfront is organized into distributions.
• Each distribution specifies the original location of the content to be
delivered which can be an Amazon S3 bucket, an Amazon EC2
instance, or an Elastic Load balancer, or your own origin server.
• Distributions can be accessed by their domain names.
• CloudFront helps in improving the performance of websites by:
1. Catching the static content like javascript, CSS and Images etc. at
edge locations.
2. Proxing requests for dynamic or interactive content back to the origin
running in the AWS cloud.
 Content Delivery Services
Windows Azure Content Delivery Network
• It is the Content Delivery Service from the Microsoft.
• Azure CDN caches windows Azure blobs ( Blob Storage Free. 25+
Free Services) and static content at the edge locations ( Amazon
CloudFront announces its first Edge locations in Kolkata.
multiple Edge locations in Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, and
Mumbai.) to improve the performance of the websites.
• Azure CDN can be Enabled on a windows Azure storage account.
 Analytics Services
• It allow analyzing massive data sets stored in the cloud either in cloud
storage or in cloud database using programming models such as Map
Reduce.
• Using cloud analytics services applications can perform data-intensive
tasks such as
• Data mining
• Log file analysis
• Machine learning
• Web indexing etc.
Analytics Services
 Analytics Services
Amazon Elastic Map Reduce
• It is the Map Reduce service from Amazon based the Hadoop
framework running on Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3.
• It supports different job types like :
1. Custom JAR : Custom JAR job flow runs a java program that you
have uploaded to Amazon S3.
2. Hive Program: Hive is a data warehouse system for Hadoop. You can
use Hive to process data using the SQL-like language, called Hive-
QL. You can create a hive job flow with EMR which can be an
interactive hive job or hive script.
3. Streaming Job: Streaming job flow runs a single Hadoop job
consisting of map and reduce functions implemented in a script or
binary that you have uploaded to Amazon S3.
 Analytics Services
You can write map and reduce scripts in ruby, perl, python, php, R,
bash or C++.
4. Pig programs: Apache pig is a platform for analyzing large data sets,
that consists of a high-level language(Pig Latin) for expressing data
analysis programs, coupled with infrastructure for evaluating these
programs.
• You can create a Pig job flow with EMR which can either be an
interactive pig job or pig script.
5. Hbase: Hbases is a distributed, scalable, No-Sql database built on top
of Hadoop.
• EMR allows you to launch an Hbase cluster. Hbase can be use for
various purposes such as referencing data for Hadoop analytics, real-
time long ingestion and batch log analytics.
 Analytics Services
Google Map Reduce Services
• It is a part of the map engine platform.
• App Engine Map Reduce is optimized for App Engine Environment
and provides capabilities such as automatic sharding for faster
execution, standard data input readers for iterating over blob and data
store data, Standard output writers etc.
• The MapReduce service can be accesses using the google MapReduce
API.
• To Execute a MapReduce job a MapReduce pipeline object is
instantiated within the app engine application.
• Map Reduce pipeline specifies the mapper, reducer, data input reader
and output writer.
 Analytics Services
Google BigQuery
• It is service for querying massive datasets.
• Big query allows querying datasets using SQL-like queries.
• The BigQuery queries are run against append-only tables and use the
processing power of goolge’s infrastructure for speeding up queries.
• To query data, it is first loaded into BigQuery using the BigQuery
console or BigQuery commandline tool or BigQuery API.
• Data can be either in CSV or JSON format.
• The uploaded data can be queried using BigQuery’s dialect.
Windows Azure HDInsight
• Windows Azure HDInsight is an analytic service from Microsoft.
• HDInsight deploys and provisions Hadoop clusters in the Azure cloud
and makes Hadoop available as a service.
• HDInsight service uses Windows Azure Blob Storage as the default
file system. It provides interactive consoles for both JS and Hive.
 Deployment and Management Services
• It allow you to easily deploy and manage applications in the cloud.
• These Services automatically handle deployment tasks such as
capacity provisioning (equipment), load balancing, auto-scaling
and application health monitoring.
Amazon Elastic Beanstalk
• Amazon provides a deployment service called Elastic Beanstalk that
allows you to quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS
cloud.
• Elastic Beanstalk supports Java, PHP, .NET, [Link], Python and
Ruby applications.
• In Elastic Bean Stalk you just need to upload the application and
specify configuration settings in a simple wizard and the service
automatically handles instance provisioning, server configuration,
load balancing and monitoring.
 Deployment and Management Services
Amazon Cloud Formation
• Amazon Cloud Formation is a deployment management service from
Amazon.
• With cloud Front you can create deployments from a collection of
AWS resources such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Amazon
Elastic Block Store, Amazon Simple Notification Service, Elastic
Load Balancing and Auto Scaling.
• A collection of AWS resources that you want to manage together are
organized into a stack.
• Cloud Formation Stacks are created from cloud formation templates.
• It allows to create your own templates or use the predefined
templates.
Relational Database Simple Notification
Service Service

Virtual Private Cloud

Amazon Cloud Formation

 Identity and Access Management Services
• IDAM services allow managing the authentication and authorization
of users to provide secure access to cloud resources.
• These are useful for organizations which have multiple users who
access the cloud resources.
• By using IDAM services you can manage user identifiers, user
permissions, security credentials and access keys.
Amazon Identity and Access Management
• AWS IDAM allows you to manage users and user permissions for an
AWS account.
• With IDAM you can manage users, security creadentials such as
access key and permissions that control wich AWS resources users
can access.
• Using IDAM you can control what data users can access and what
resources users can create.
• It allows creation, rotation and revocation of user credentials.
 Identity and Access Management Services
Windows Azure Active Directory
• It is an IDAM service from Microsoft.
• It provides a cloud based identity provider that easily integrates
with your on-premises active directory deployments and also
provides support for third party identity providers.
• With Azure Active directory you can control access to your
applications in Windows Azure.
Windows Azure Active Directory
 Open Source Private Cloud Software
1. Cloud Stack
• Apache CloudStack is an opensource cloud software that can be used
for creating private cloud offerings.
• CloudStack manages the network, storage and compute nodes that
make up a cloud infrastructure.
• A Cloud Stack installation consists of a Management Server and the
cloud infrastructure that it manages.
• The cloud infrastructure can be as simple as one host running the
hypervisor or a large cluster of hundreds of hosts.
• The management server allows you to configure and manage the
cloud resources.
• The Management server manages one or more zones where each
zone is typically a single datacenter.
• Each zone has one or more pods. A pod is a rack of hardware
comprising of a switch and one more clusters.
 Open Source Private Cloud Software
• A cluster consists of one or more hosts and a primary storage.
• A host is a compute node that runs guest virtual machines.
• The Primary storage of a cluster stores the disk volumes for all
the virtual machines running on the hosts in that cluster.
• Each zone has a secondary storage that stores templates, ISO
images and disk volume snapshots.
• A region is a specific geographical location where you can run
your resources.
Open Source Private Cloud Software

Fig : Cloud Stack Architecture

 Open Source Private Cloud Software
2. Eucalyptus
• Eucalyptus is an open source private cloud software for building
private and hybrid clouds that are compatible with Amazon Web
Services(AWS) APIs.
• The Node controller hosts the virtual machine instances and manages
the virtual network endpoints.
• The cluster level consists of three components like cluster
controller(CC), Storage Controller(SC) and VMWare Broker.
• The CC manages the Virtual machines and is the front end for a
cluster.
• The SC manages the Eucalyptus block volumes and snapshots to the
instances within its specific cluster.
• SC is similar to AWS Elastic Block Store(EBS).
• VMWare broker is an optional component that provides an AWS –
compatible interface for VMWare environments.
 Open Source Private Cloud Software
• At the cloud level there are two components like Cloud
Controller (CLC) and Walrus.
• CLC provides an administrative interface for management and
performs high level resource scheduling, system accounting,
authentication and quota management.
• Walrus is equal to Amazon S3 and serves as a persistent storage
to all of the virtual machines in the Eucalyptus cloud.
Open Source Private Cloud Software

Fig: Eucalyptus Architecture

 Open Source Private Cloud Software
3. OpenStack
• OpenStack is a cloud operating system comprising of interactive
services that control computing, storage and networking resources.
• The OpenStack compute service (nova-compute) manages networks
of virtual machines running on nodes, providing virtual servers on
demand.
• The network service(nova-networking) provides connectivity
between the interfaces of other OpenStack services.
• The volume service (Cinder) manages storage volumes for virtual
machines.
• The object storage service (swift) allows users to store and retrieve
files.
• The identity service (Keystone) provides authentication and
authorization for other services.
• The image registry(glance) acts as a catalog and repository for virtual
machine images.
OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage,
and networking resources throughout a datacenter, all managed and provisioned
through APIs with common authentication mechanisms.
 Open Source Private Cloud Software
• The open stack scheduler (nova –scheduler ) maps the nova-API
calls to the appropriate OpenStack components.
• The scheduler takes the virtual machine requests from the queue
and determines where they should run.
• The messaging service(rabbit-mq) acts as a central node for
message passing between daemons.
• Orchestration activities such as running an instance are performed
by the nova-api which accepts and responds to end user compute
API calls.
• The OpenStack dashboard(called horizon) provides web-based
interface for managing OpenStack service.
Open Source Private Cloud Software

Fig : OpenStack Architecture

Thank You