Java Socket Programming
Java Sockets Programming
The package [Link] provides support
for sockets programming (and more).
Typically you import everything defined
in this package with:
import [Link].*;
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Classes
InetAddress
Socket
ServerSocket
DatagramSocket
DatagramPacket
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InetAddress class
static methods you can use to create new
InetAddress objects.
getByName(String host)
getAllByName(String host)
getLocalHost()
InetAddress x = [Link](
“[Link]”);
Throws UnknownHostException
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Sample Code: [Link]
Uses InetAddress class to lookup hostnames
found on command line.
> java Lookup [Link] [Link]
[Link]:[Link]
[Link]:[Link]
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try
try {{
InetAddress
InetAddress aa == [Link](hostname);
[Link](hostname);
[Link](hostname
[Link](hostname ++ ":"
":" ++
[Link]());
[Link]());
}} catch
catch (UnknownHostException
(UnknownHostException e)
e) {{
[Link]("No
[Link]("No address
address found
found for
for "" ++
hostname);
hostname);
}}
Java Socket Programming
Socket class
Corresponds to active TCP sockets only!
client sockets
socket returned by accept();
Passive sockets are supported by a
different class:
ServerSocket
UDP sockets are supported by
DatagramSocket
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JAVA TCP Sockets
[Link]
Implements client sockets (also called just “sockets”).
An endpoint for communication between two machines.
Constructor and Methods
• Socket(String host, int port): Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified
port number on the named host.
• InputStream getInputStream()
• OutputStream getOutputStream()
• close()
[Link]
Implements server sockets.
Waits for requests to come in over the network.
Performs some operation based on the request.
Constructor and Methods
• ServerSocket(int port)
• Socket Accept(): Listens for a connection to be made to this socket and accepts it. This
method blocks until a connection is made.
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Sockets
Client socket, welcoming socket (passive) and connection socket (active)
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Socket Constructors
Constructor creates a TCP connection to a
named TCP server.
There are a number of constructors:
Socket(InetAddress server, int port);
Socket(InetAddress server, int port,
InetAddress local, int
localport);
Socket(String hostname, int port);
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Socket Methods
void close();
InetAddress getInetAddress();
InetAddress getLocalAddress();
InputStream getInputStream();
OutputStream getOutputStream();
Lots more (setting/getting socket options,
partial close, etc.)
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Socket I/O
Socket I/O is based on the Java I/O support
in the package [Link]
InputStream and OutputStream are
abstract classes
common operations defined for all kinds of
InputStreams, OutputStreams…
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InputStream Basics
// reads some number of bytes and
// puts in buffer array b
int read(byte[] b);
// reads up to len bytes
int read(byte[] b, int off, int len);
Both methods can throw IOException.
Both return –1 on EOF.
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OutputStream Basics
// writes [Link] bytes
void write(byte[] b);
// writes len bytes starting
// at offset off
void write(byte[] b, int off, int len);
Both methods can throw IOException.
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ServerSocket Class
(TCP Passive Socket)
Constructors:
ServerSocket(int port);
ServerSocket(int port, int backlog);
ServerSocket(int port, int backlog,
InetAddress bindAddr);
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ServerSocket Methods
Socket accept();
void close();
InetAddress getInetAddress();
int getLocalPort();
throw IOException, SecurityException
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Socket programming with
TCP
keyboard monitor
Example client-server
app:
inFromUser
input
client reads line from stream
standard input (inFromUser Client
Process Input stream:
stream) , sends to server via process sequence of
socket (outToServer output stream: bytes
stream) sequence of bytes into process
server reads line from socket out of process
server converts line to
inFromServer
outToServer
output input
stream stream
uppercase, sends back to
client
client TCP
client reads, prints modified clientSocket
socket TCP
line from socket socket
(inFromServer stream) to network from network
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Client/server socket interaction:
TCP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()
TCP create socket,
wait for incoming
connection requestconnection setup connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = clientSocket =
[Link]() Socket()
send request using
read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
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[Link]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]));
Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname",
6789);
DataOutputStream outToServer =
new DataOutputStream([Link]());
[Link]
BufferedReader inFromServer =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()));
sentence = [Link]();
[Link](sentence + '\n');
modifiedSentence = [Link]();
[Link]("FROM SERVER: " +
modifiedSentence);
[Link]();
}
}
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[Link]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class TCPServer {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String clientSentence;
String capitalizedSentence;
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new
ServerSocket(6789);
while(true) {
Socket connectionSocket =
[Link]();
BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()));
[Link]
DataOutputStream outToClient =
new
DataOutputStream([Link]());
clientSentence = [Link]();
capitalizedSentence = [Link]() + '\n';
[Link](capitalizedSentence);
}
}
}
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Sample Echo Server
[Link]
Simple TCP Echo server.
Based on code from:
TCP/IP Sockets in Java
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UDP Sockets
DatagramSocket class
DatagramPacket class needed to specify
the payload
incoming or outgoing
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Socket Programming with
UDP
UDP
Connectionless and unreliable service.
There isn’t an initial handshaking phase.
Doesn’t have a pipe.
transmitted data may be received out of order, or lost
Socket Programming with UDP
No need for a welcoming socket.
No streams are attached to the sockets.
the sending hosts creates “packets” by attaching the IP
destination address and port number to each batch of bytes.
The receiving process must unravel to received packet to
obtain the packet’s information bytes.
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JAVA UDP Sockets
In Package [Link]
[Link]
• A socket for sending and receiving datagram
packets.
• Constructor and Methods
– DatagramSocket(int port): Constructs a
datagram socket and binds it to the specified
port on the local host machine.
– void receive( DatagramPacket p)
– void send( DatagramPacket p)
– void close()
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DatagramSocket
Constructors
DatagramSocket();
DatagramSocket(int port);
DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress a);
All can throw SocketException or
SecurityException
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Datagram Methods
void connect(InetAddress, int port);
void close();
void receive(DatagramPacket p);
void send(DatagramPacket p);
Lots more!
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Datagram Packet
Contain the payload
(a byte array
Can also be used to specify the
destination address
when not using connected mode UDP
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DatagramPacket
Constructors
For receiving:
DatagramPacket( byte[] buf, int len);
For sending:
DatagramPacket( byte[] buf, int len
InetAddress a, int
port);
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DatagramPacket methods
byte[] getData();
void setData(byte[] buf);
void setAddress(InetAddress a);
void setPort(int port);
InetAddress getAddress();
int getPort();
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Example: Java client (UDP)
keyboard monitor
inFromUser
input
stream
Client
Process
Input: receives
process
packet (TCP
received “byte
Output: sends
stream”)
packet (TCP sent
receivePacket
sendPacket
“byte stream”) UDP UDP
packet packet
client UDP
clientSocket
socket UDP
socket
to network from network
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Client/server socket interaction:
UDP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket,
port=x, for create socket,
clientSocket =
incoming request: DatagramSocket()
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create, address (hostid, port=x,
send datagram request
using clientSocket
read request from
serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket
specifying client read reply from
host address, clientSocket
port umber close
clientSocket
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[Link]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
DatagramSocket clientSocket = new
DatagramSocket();
InetAddress IPAddress =
[Link]("hostname");
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
String sentence = [Link]();
sendData = [Link]();
[Link]
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData,
[Link], IPAddress, 9876);
[Link](sendPacket);
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData,
[Link]);
[Link](receivePacket);
String modifiedSentence =
new String([Link]());
[Link]("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);
[Link]();
}
}
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[Link]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket serverSocket = new
DatagramSocket(9876);
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
while(true)
{
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData,
[Link]);
[Link](receivePacket);
String sentence = new String([Link]());
[Link]
InetAddress IPAddress = [Link]();
int port = [Link]();
String capitalizedSentence = [Link]();
sendData = [Link]();
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, [Link], IPAddress,
port);
[Link](sendPacket);
}
}
}
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Sample UDP code
[Link]
Simple UDP Echo server.
Test using nc as the client (netcat):
> nc –u hostname port
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Socket functional calls
socket (): Create a socket
bind(): bind a socket to a local IP address and port #
listen(): passively waiting for connections
connect(): initiating connection to another socket
accept(): accept a new connection
Write(): write data to a socket
Read(): read data from a socket
sendto(): send a datagram to another UDP socket
recvfrom(): read a datagram from a UDP socket
close(): close a socket (tear down the connection)
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Java URL Class
Represents a Uniform Resource Locator
scheme (protocol)
hostname
port
path
query string
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Parsing
You can use a URL object as a parser:
URL u = new URL(“[Link]
[Link](“Proto:” + [Link]());
[Link](“File:” + [Link]());
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URL construction
You can also build a URL by setting each part
individually:
URL u = new URL(“http”,
[Link],80,”/~mgunes/”);
[Link](“URL:” + [Link]());
[Link](“URL: “ + u);
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Retrieving URL contents
URL objects can retrieve the documents they refer
to!
actually this depends on the protocol part of the URL.
HTTP is supported
File is supported (“[Link]
You can get “Protocol Handlers” for other protocols.
There are a number of ways to do this:
Object getContent();
InputStream openStream();
URLConnection openConnection();
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Getting Header Information
There are methods that return information
extracted from response headers:
String getContentType();
String getContentLength();
long getLastModified();
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URLConnection
Represents the connection (not the URL itself).
More control than URL
can write to the connection (send POST data).
can set request headers.
Closely tied to HTTP
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