JAVA ARRAYS
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Normally, an array is a collection of similar type of elements which has
contiguous memory location.
• Java array is an object which contains elements of a similar data type.
• Additionally, The elements of an array are stored in a contiguous memory
location. It is a data structure where we store similar elements. We can
store only a fixed set of elements in a Java array.
• Array in Java is index-based, the first element of the array is stored at the
0th index, 2nd element is stored on 1st index and so on.
• Unlike C/C++, we can get the length of the array using the length member.
• In C/C++, we need to use the sizeof operator.
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JAVA ARRAYS
• In Java, array is an object of a dynamically generated class.
• Java array inherits the Object class, and implements the Serializable
as well as Cloneable interfaces.
• We can store primitive values or objects in an array in Java. Like C/C+
+, we can also create single dimentional or multidimentional arrays in
Java.
• Moreover, Java provides the feature of anonymous arrays which is not
available in C/C++.
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JAVA ARRAYS
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Advantages
• Code Optimization: It makes the code optimized, we can retrieve or sort the data
efficiently.
• Random access: We can get any data located at an index position.
• Disadvantages
• Size Limit: We can store only the fixed size of elements in the array. It doesn't grow
its size at runtime.
• To solve this problem, collection framework is used in Java which grows automatically.
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Types of Array in java
• There are two types of array.
• Single Dimensional Array
• Multidimensional Array
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Single Dimensional Array in Java
• Syntax to Declare an Array in Java
• dataType[] arr; (or)
• dataType []arr; (or)
• dataType arr[];
• Instantiation of an Array in Java
• arrayRefVar=new datatype[size];
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Example of Java Array
• //Java Program to illustrate how to declare, instantiate,
initialize&traverse the Java array.
class Testarray{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation
a[0]=10;//initialization
a[1]=20;
a[2]=70;
a[3]=40; 8
a[4]=50;
JAVA ARRAYS
//traversing array
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++)//length is the property of array
[Link](a[i]);
}}
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JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
10
20
70
40
50
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Declaration, Instantiation and Initialization of Java Array
• We can declare, instantiate and initialize the java array
together by:
• int a[]={33,3,4,5};//
declaration, instantiation and initialization
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JAVA ARRAYS
//Java Program to illustrate the use of declaration, instantiation&
initialization of Java array in a single line
class Testarray1{
public static void main(String args[]){
int a[]={33,3,4,5};//declaration, instantiation and initialization
//printing array
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++)//length is the property of array
[Link](a[i]);
}}
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JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
33
3
4
5
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JAVA ARRAYS
For-each Loop for Java Array
• We can also print the Java array using for-each loop
• The Java for-each loop prints the array elements one by one.
• It holds an array element in a variable, then executes the body of the
loop.
• The syntax of the for-each loop is given below:
for(data_type variable:array){
//body of the loop
}
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Let us see the example of print the elements of Java array using the for-each
loop.
//Java Program to print the array elements using for-each loop
class Testarray1{
public static void main(String args[]){
int arr[]={33,3,4,5};
//printing array using for-each loop
for(int i:arr)
[Link](i);
}}
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JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
33
3
4
5
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Passing Array to a Method in Java
• We can pass the java array to method so that we can reuse
the same logic on any array.
• Let's see the simple example to get the minimum number of
an array using a method.
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JAVA ARRAYS
• //Java Program to demonstrate the way of passing an array to
method.
class Testarray2{
static void min(int arr[]){//creating a method which receives an array as
a parameter
int min=arr[0];
for(int i=1;i<[Link];i++)
if(min>arr[i])
min=arr[i];
[Link](min);}
public static void main(String args[]){
int a[]={33,3,4,5};//declaring and initializing an array 18
min(a);//passing array to method
}}
JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
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JAVA ARRAYS
Anonymous Array in Java
Java supports the feature of an anonymous array, so you don't
need to declare the array while passing an array to the method.
//Java Program to demonstrate the way of passing an anonymous
array to method.
public class TestAnonymousArray{
//creating a method which receives an array as a parameter
static void printArray(int arr[]){
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++)
[Link](arr[i]); 20
}
JAVA ARRAYS
public static void main(String args[]){
printArray(new int[]{10,22,44,66});//
passing anonymous array to method
}}
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JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
10
22
44
66
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JAVA ARRAYS
Returning Array from the Method
We can also return an array from the method in Java.
//Java Program to return an array from the method
class TestReturnArray{
//creating method which returns an array
static int[] get(){
return new int[]{10,30,50,90,60};
}
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JAVA ARRAYS
public static void main(String args[]){
//calling method which returns an array
int arr[]=get();
//printing the values of an array
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++)
[Link](arr[i]);
}}
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JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
10
30
50
90
60
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JAVA ARRAYS
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
• The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if
length of the array in negative, equal to the array size or greater than the array
size while traversing the array.
//Java Program to demonstrate the case of
//ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in a Java Array.
public class TestArrayException{
public static void main(String args[]){
int arr[]={50,60,70,80};
for(int i=0;i<=[Link];i++){
[Link](arr[i]); 26
}
JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
Exception in thread "main" [Link]: 4
at [Link]([Link])
50
60
70
80
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JAVA ARRAYS
Multidimensional Array in Java
• In such case, data is stored in row and column based index (also known as
matrix form).
• Syntax to Declare Multidimensional Array in Java
dataType[][] arrayRefVar; (or)
dataType [][]arrayRefVar; (or)
dataType arrayRefVar[][]; (or)
dataType []arrayRefVar[];
Example to instantiate Multidimensional Array in Java
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int[][] arr=new int[3][3];//3 row and 3 column
JAVA ARRAYS
• Example to initialize Multidimensional Array in Java
arr[0][0]=1;
arr[0][1]=2;
arr[0][2]=3;
arr[1][0]=4;
arr[1][1]=5;
arr[1][2]=6;
arr[2][0]=7;
arr[2][1]=8;
arr[2][2]=9;
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JAVA ARRAYS
Example of Multidimensional Java Array
Let's see the simple example to declare, instantiate, initialize and print the
2Dimensional array.
//Java Program to illustrate the use of multidimensional array
class Testarray3{
public static void main(String args[]){ //declaring and initializing 2D array
int arr[][]={{1,2,3},{2,4,5},{4,4,5}}; //printing 2D array
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
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[Link](arr[i][j]+" ");
JAVA ARRAYS
Output:
123
245
445
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Jagged Array in Java
• If we are creating odd number of columns in a 2D array, it is
known as a jagged array.
• In other words, it is an array of arrays with different number
of columns.
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JAVA ARRAYS
//Java Program to illustrate the jagged array
class TestJaggedArray{
public static void main(String[] args){
int arr[][] = new int[3][]; //declaring a 2D array with odd columns
arr[0] = new int[3];
arr[1] = new int[4];
arr[2] = new int[2]; //initializing a jagged array
int count = 0;
for (int i=0; i<[Link]; i++)
for(int j=0; j<arr[i].length; j++)
arr[i][j] = count++; 33
JAVA ARRAYS
//printing the data of a jagged array
for (int i=0; i<[Link]; i++){
for (int j=0; j<arr[i].length; j++){
[Link](arr[i][j]+" ");
}
[Link]();//new line
}
}
} 34
JAVA ARRAYS
• Output:
012
3456
78
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Copying a Java Array
• We can copy an array to another by the arraycopy() method
of System class.
Syntax of arraycopy method
public static void arraycopy(
Object src, int srcPos,Object dest, int destPos, int length
)
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JAVA ARRAYS
Example of Copying an Array in Java
//Java Program to copy a source array into a destination array in Java
class TestArrayCopyDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaring a source array
char[] copyFrom = { 'd', 'e', 'c', 'a', 'f', 'f', 'e',
'i', 'n', 'a', 't', 'e', 'd' };
//declaring a destination array
char[] copyTo = new char[7];
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JAVA ARRAYS
//copying array using [Link]() method
[Link](copyFrom, 2, copyTo, 0, 7);
//printing the destination array
[Link]([Link](copyTo));
}
}
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Output:
caffein
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JAVA ARRAYS
Addition of 2 Matrices in Java
Let's see a simple example that adds two matrices.
//Java Program to demonstrate the addition of two matrices in Java
class Testarray5{
public static void main(String args[]){
//creating two matrices
int a[][]={{1,3,4},{3,4,5}};
int b[][]={{1,3,4},{3,4,5}};
//creating another matrix to store the sum of two matrices
int c[][]=new int[2][3];
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JAVA ARRAYS
//adding and printing addition of 2 matrices
for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
[Link](c[i][j]+" ");
}
[Link]();//new line
}
}
}
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Output:
268
6 8 10
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JAVA ARRAYS
• Multiplication of 2 Matrices in Java
• In the case of matrix multiplication, a one-row element of the
first matrix is multiplied by all the columns of the second
matrix which can be understood by the image given below.
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JAVA ARRAYS
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JAVA ARRAYS
Let's see a simple example to multiply two matrices of 3 rows and 3
columns.
//Java Program to multiply two matrices
public class MatrixMultiplicationExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
//creating two matrices
int a[][]={{1,1,1},{2,2,2},{3,3,3}};
int b[][]={{1,1,1},{2,2,2},{3,3,3}};
//creating another matrix to store the multiplication of two matrices
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int c[][]=new int[3][3]; //3 rows and 3 columns
JAVA ARRAYS
//multiplying and printing multiplication of 2 matrices
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
c[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
c[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}//end of k loop
[Link](c[i][j]+" "); //printing matrix element
}//end of j loop
[Link]();//new line 46
}
JAVA ARRAYS
• Output:
666
12 12 12
18 18 18
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