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Geometry: Circles and Chords

This document discusses circle transformations, finding the intersection points between a circle and a line, using the discriminant to determine the number of real roots of a quadratic equation, properties of chords of a circle, and an example of using the perpendicular bisector property of chords to find the center of a circle. Specifically, it addresses: 1) Translating a circle by (1,-3) and enlarging it by a scale factor of 3; 2) Using simultaneous equations to find the intersection points of a circle and line; 3) Using the discriminant of a quadratic equation to determine if it has real roots, and thus if a line intersects a circle; 4) Properties that the perpendicular

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Amir Mohd
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55 views11 pages

Geometry: Circles and Chords

This document discusses circle transformations, finding the intersection points between a circle and a line, using the discriminant to determine the number of real roots of a quadratic equation, properties of chords of a circle, and an example of using the perpendicular bisector property of chords to find the center of a circle. Specifically, it addresses: 1) Translating a circle by (1,-3) and enlarging it by a scale factor of 3; 2) Using simultaneous equations to find the intersection points of a circle and line; 3) Using the discriminant of a quadratic equation to determine if it has real roots, and thus if a line intersects a circle; 4) Properties that the perpendicular

Uploaded by

Amir Mohd
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Circles Revision

Transformations Intercepts Using the discriminant Chords

From the circle: x2 + y2 = 1


to the circle: (x-1)2 + (y+3)2 = 9

What transformations have occurred? x2 + y2 = 1


Centre (0,0) Radius 1

x2 + y2 = 32
Centre (0,0) Radius 3

(x-1)2 + (y+3)2 = 9
(1,-3) Centre (1,-3) Radius 3

ENLARGED BY SCALE FACTOR 3

TRANSLATED BY 1 -3

[]

Where do they intersect?


For the circle: (x-1)2 + (y-3)2 = 9 .. and the line y = x +10

Where do they cross?


Solve simultaneously to find intersect 2 + (y-3)2 = 9 (x2 2x +1) + (x-1) (x2 + 14x + 49) = 9 y = x +10 Substitute y: 2x2 + 12x + 41 = 0 (x-1)2 + (x +10 -3)2 = 9 Solve equation to find intersect (x-1)2 + (x +7)2 = 9

Circle Intersect
Does 2x2 + 12x+41=0 have real roots

Use discriminent b2-4ac


To find out about roots a = [coefficient of x2] = 2 b = [coefficient of x] = 12 c= [constant] = 41

b2 - 4ac = 122 (4 x 2 x 41) = 144 328 = -184

b2 4ac < 0 No roots (solutions)

Circle Intersect
(x-1)2 + (y-3)2 = 9 y = x +10 2x2 + 12x+41=0 has no real roots
-> no solutions; so lines do not cross

What the discriminent tells us b2-4ac > 0 - two solutions - crosses

b2-4ac = 0 - one solution - tangent

b2-4ac < 0 - no solutions - misses

The really important stuff you need to know about chords - but were afraid to ask
A chord joins any 2 points on a circle and creates a segment

centre

The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the circle

conversely a radius of the circle passing perpendicular to the chord will bisect it

Using these facts we can solve circle problems


(11,14)

Given these 2 chords find the centre of the circle


The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the circle

(5,10)

(4,7)
If you find the equation of the two perpendicular bisectors, where they cross is the centre

(8,3)

Given these 2 chords find the centre of the circle


B (11,14) M A (5,10)

Midpoint (M) of AB is (5 + 11 , 10 + 14) = (8, 12) 2 2

Gradient of AB is : 14 - 10 11 - 5 = 4/6 = 2/3 C


Gradient MC x 2/3 = -1 Gradient MC = -3/2 Equations of form y-y1=m(x-x1)

(4,7)
R

y - 12 = -3/2 (x - 8) Equation of perpendicular y - 12 = -3/2 x + 12 bisector of AB is: y = -3/2 x + 24

S (8,3)

Line goes through (x1,y1) with gradient m

Given these 2 chords find the centre of the circle


B (11,14)

Midpoint (N) of RS is (4 + 8 , 7 + 3 ) = (6, 5) 2 2

A (5,10)

Gradient of RS is :
= 4/-4 = -1

7-3 4-8

(4,7)
R N

Gradient NC x -1 = -1 Gradient NC = 1 Equations of form y-y1=m(x-x1)

y - 5 = 1 (x - 6) Equation of perpendicular y - 5 = x - 6 bisector of RS is: y = x - 1

S (8,3)

Line goes through (x1,y1) with gradient m

Finding the centre .


y = -3/2 x + 24 (11,14)

If you find the equation of the two perpendicular bisectors, where they cross is the centre
y=x-1 y = -3/2 x + 24

subtract

(5,10)

(4,7)

0 = x - -3/2x -1 - 24

5/2 x -25 = 0 5/2 x = 25 5x = 50 x = 10


y=x-1 (8,3) y = 10 -1 = 9

y=x-1

Centre is at (10,9)

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