2020年黑色星期四：修订间差异

* {{Cite web|title=Black Thursday: Dow Suffers Biggest Point Drop Ever, as Disney and Apple Fall Hard|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/black-thursday-dow-suffers-biggest-201047970.html|accessdate=|author=|date=2020年3月12日|format=|publisher=|language=en|website=[[Yahoo]]|archive-date=2020年3月12日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312212329/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/black-thursday-dow-suffers-biggest-201047970.html|dead-url=no}}

* {{Cite web|title=Black Thursday: PSEi sees worst freefall in 12 years|url=https://business.inquirer.net/292328/psei-sees-worst-freefall-in-12-years|accessdate=|author=Doris Dumlao-Abadilla|date=2020年3月12日|format=|publisher=|language=en|website=|archive-date=2020年3月23日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323093437/https://business.inquirer.net/292328/psei-sees-worst-freefall-in-12-years|dead-url=no}}

* {{Cite web|title=Pandemic pandemonium: World markets crash into bear country on Black Thursday|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2020/mar/12/pandemic-pandemonium-world-markets-crash-into-bear-country-on-black-thursday-2115906.html|accessdate=|author=Jonathan Ananda|date=2020年3月12日|format=|publisher=|language=en|website=|archive-date=2020年3月17日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317062432/https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2020/mar/12/pandemic-pandemonium-world-markets-crash-into-bear-country-on-black-thursday-2115906.html|dead-url=no}}

* {{Cite web|title=Europe crude, petchems prices extend losses as stocks suffer 'Black Thursday'|url=https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2020/03/12/10481846/europe-crude-petchems-prices-extend-losses-as-stocks-suffer-black-thursday|accessdate=2020-03-12|author=Jonathan Lopez|date=2020年3月12日|format=|publisher=|language=en|website=Independent Commodity Intelligence Services|archive-date=2020-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322160627/https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2020/03/12/10481846/europe-crude-petchems-prices-extend-losses-as-stocks-suffer-black-thursday|dead-url=no}}

* {{Cite web|title=Black Thursday: Wall Street stocks plunge 10% in worst one-day loss in 32 years|url=https://www.amny.com/business/black-thursday-wall-street-stocks-plunge-10-in-worst-one-day-loss-in-32-years/|accessdate=|author=|date=2020年3月12日|last=Culp|first=Stephen|format=|publisher=|language=en|website=AM New York Metro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314164147/https://www.amny.com/business/black-thursday-wall-street-stocks-plunge-10-in-worst-one-day-loss-in-32-years/|archive-date=2020-03-14|access-date=2020-03-13|dead-url=no}}</ref>是发生在[[2020年国际金融恐慌]]期间的一场[[股灾]]。3月12日当天美国，全球股市创下自[[1987年黑色星期一]]以来最大单日百分比跌幅，和3日前发生的[[2020年黑色星期一 (3月9日)|黑色星期一]]一样，当天暴跌原因是全球[[2019冠状病毒病疫情|新型冠状病毒疫情]]的爆-{zh-hans:暴发;zh-hant:爆發}-。此外，由于周三晚美国总统[[唐納·川普|特朗普]]宣布除了英国和爱尔兰，周五（13日）起来自26个《申根公约》国家的旅客将被限制入境美国30天，众多投资者对市场感到失望加速了股价的下跌<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web|title=Stocks Plunge as Trump’s Travel Ban Adds to Distress: Live Updates|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/business/stock-market-today.html|accessdate=2020-03-12|date=2020-03-12|website=[[The New York Times]]|archive-date=2020-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312042009/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/business/stock-market-today.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

{{See also|2019冠狀病毒病疫情全球反應與影響|2020年黑色星期一 (3月9日)}}

2009年3月9日，全球股市触及[[经济大衰退]]以来的最低点<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stock Market Crash 2020: Everything You Need to Know|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/03/10/stock-market-crash-2020-everything-you-need-to-kno.aspx|accessdate=2020-03-12|author=Sean Williams|date=2020-03-10|website=[[The Motley Fool]]|archive-date=2020-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312125019/https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/03/10/stock-market-crash-2020-everything-you-need-to-kno.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>，自此之後，除了少数几次事件如[[2018－2020年中美贸易战|中美贸易战]]、[[歐洲主權債務危機|欧洲主权债务危机]]、[[英國脫歐|英国脱欧谈判]]之外，美国股票市场保持了持续長達11年的[[市場趨勢|牛市]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=RIP to the Longest Bull Market in History (2009-2020)|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/03/12/rip-to-the-longest-bull-market-in-history-2009-202.aspx|accessdate=2020-03-12|author=Sean Williams|date=2020-03-12|website=[[The Motley Fool]]|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804083140/https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/03/12/rip-to-the-longest-bull-market-in-history-2009-202.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>，而屢創新高。

进入2020年，由于[[2019冠状病毒病疫情|新型冠状病毒疫情]]逐渐开始在中国以外地区蔓延，2月24日，[[道琼斯指数]]和[[富时100指数]]当日跌幅超过3%<ref name="BBC1">{{Cite web|title=Global stock markets plunge on coronavirus fears|url=https://bbc.co.uk/news/business-51612520|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225014233/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51612520|archive-date=2020-02-25|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="CNBC4">{{cite news|last1=Imbert|first1=Fred|last2=Huang|first2=Eustance|title=Dow falls 350 points Friday to cap the worst week for Wall Street since the financial crisis|date=2020-02-27|publisher=[[CNBC]]|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/27/dow-futures-fall-100-points-after-another-massive-rout-amid-coronavirus-fears.html|access-date=2020-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228213917/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/27/dow-futures-fall-100-points-after-another-massive-rout-amid-coronavirus-fears.html|archive-date=2020-02-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>，並在之後的一週內經歷的2008年金融危機以來最差的表現。

2020年3月9日，即黑色星期一，当日由于新型冠状病毒疫情和-{zh-cn:沙特阿拉伯; zh-tw:沙烏地阿拉伯; zh-mo:沙地阿拉伯; zh-hk:沙地阿拉伯; zh-my:沙地阿拉伯; zh-sg:沙特阿拉伯}-、俄罗斯石油生产分歧，油價瞬間暴跌，引致全球股市创下自2008年经济大衰退以来最大单日跌幅<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global stock markets post biggest falls since 2008 financial crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/09/global-stock-markets-post-biggest-falls-since-2008-financial-crisis|accessdate=2020-03-12|date=2020-03-09|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=2020-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312232659/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/09/global-stock-markets-post-biggest-falls-since-2008-financial-crisis|dead-url=no}}</ref>。[[美股]]三大指数开盘后全线下跌，其中[[納斯達克綜合指數|纳斯达克指数]]跌7.2%。[[道琼斯工业平均指数|道瓊斯指數]]跌幅為7.79%，创下[[次贷危机]]之后的最大跌幅<ref>{{cite news|title=美股40年14次暴跌 9次在“黑色星期一”|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/finance/2020/03/10/701889.html|agency=新京報|accessdate=2020-03-13|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309043358/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/finance/2020/03/10/701889.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。[[标普500指数]]跌7%，历史上第五二次触发[[熔断机制]]，美股三大股指全部暂停交易15分钟<ref name="de">{{cite news|title=黑色星期一：油价狂跌 股票跳水|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%B2%B9%E4%BB%B7%E7%8B%82%E8%B7%8C-%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8%E8%B7%B3%E6%B0%B4/a-52691061|publisher=德國之聲|accessdate=2020-03-13|archive-date=2020-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917014454/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%B2%B9%E4%BB%B7%E7%8B%82%E8%B7%8C-%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8%E8%B7%B3%E6%B0%B4/a-52691061|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2020年3月11日，道琼斯指数进入[[熊市]]（自最高点後超过20%跌幅）<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dow closes in bear market amid volatile session|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/us-stocks-march-11-2020|accessdate=2020-03-11|date=2020-03-11|website=[[Fox News|Fox Business]]|archive-date=2020-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129062152/https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/us-stocks-march-11-2020|dead-url=no}}</ref>。同日，美国总统[[唐納·川普|特朗普]]宣布，除了英國和愛爾蘭，周五（13日）起來自26個《[[申根公约|申根公約]]》國家的旅客將被限制入境美國30天。在作出决定前，[[川普|特朗普]]并未提前通知[[欧盟]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=What You Need to Know About Trump’s European Travel Ban|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/europe/trump-travel-ban-coronavirus.html|accessdate=2020-03-12|author=Megan Specia|date=2020-03-12|website=[[The New York Times]]|archive-date=2020-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417040252/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/europe/trump-travel-ban-coronavirus.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，有评论指出，[[川普|特朗普]]的經濟和防疫政策突變，難以緩解投資者對前景的憂慮<ref>{{Cite web|title=【新冠肺炎】限制歐洲入境 特朗普仍未能挽救市場信心|url=https://www.hk01.com/01觀點/446990/新冠肺炎-限制歐洲入境-特朗普仍未能挽救市場信心|accessdate=2020-03-13|date=2020-03-12|last=評論編輯室|work=香港01|language=zh-HK|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806132345/https://www.hk01.com/01%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E/446990/%E6%96%B0%E5%86%A0%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E-%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83-%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%8D%E6%9C%AA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%BD%E6%95%91%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%83|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="MarketInsider">{{Cite web|title=Dow slips 2,000 points as Trump coronavirus response disappoints, Fed funding boost fades|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-news-today-index-reaction-coronavirus-trump-travel-ban-2020-3-1028990017|author=Carmen Reinicke|date=2020-03-12|website=[[Business Insider|Market Insider]]|access-date=2020-03-12|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506111907/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-news-today-index-reaction-coronavirus-trump-travel-ban-2020-3-1028990017|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2020年3月12日，开盘不到6分钟，美股市场即暴跌7.2%，再度触发一级熔断，暂停交易15分钟<ref name="MarketInsider2">{{Cite web|title=Dow slips 2,000 points as Trump coronavirus response disappoints, Fed funding boost fades|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-news-today-index-reaction-coronavirus-trump-travel-ban-2020-3-1028990017|author=Carmen Reinicke|date=2020-03-12|website=[[Business Insider|Market Insider]]|access-date=2020-03-12|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506111907/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-news-today-index-reaction-coronavirus-trump-travel-ban-2020-3-1028990017|dead-url=no}}</ref>，為史上第六三次，上一次要追朔到2020年3月9日，以及1997年10月727日。重新交易后，市场在[[联邦储备系统|美联储]]盘中宣布将向金融体系注入至多1.5万亿美元的流动性後短暂回升，可是随後股市跌幅更大，截至收盘，[[道琼斯工业平均指数|道琼斯指数]]跌9.99%（2352.6点），直接打破2008年紀錄，创下[[1987年黑色星期一]]以来最大单日跌幅<ref name="CNBC">{{Cite web|title=Dow drops more than 8%, heads for biggest one-day plunge since 1987 market crash|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/11/futures-are-steady-wednesday-night-after-dow-closes-in-bear-market-traders-await-trump.html|accessdate=2020-03-12|date=2020-03-12|website=[[CNBC]]|author1=Fred Imbert|author2=Thomas Franck}}</ref>。同时，黑色星期四也超过了3天前的黑色星期一创下历史上最高单日数值跌落（2,353点）<ref>{{Cite web|titlearchive-date=Stock market live Thursday: Dow tanks 2,300 in worst day since Black Monday, S&P 500 bear market2020-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312000949/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/1211/stockfutures-are-steady-wednesday-night-after-dow-closes-in-bear-market-todaytraders-liveawait-trump.html|date=2020dead-03-12|lasturl=Imbert|first=Pippa Stevens,Maggie Fitzgerald,Fred|language=en|website=CNBC|access-date=2020-03-13no}}</ref>。該記錄[[2020年黑色星期一 (3月16日)|四日後]]又被打破。

美国以外市场，据不完全统计已有11个国家股市于一天内发生熔断，如泰国、菲律宾、韩国、巴基斯坦、印尼、巴西、加拿大等<ref>{{Cite web|title=肺炎疫情：美股暴跌一周两次创造历史 “全球熔断潮”波及11国|url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/business-51869074|accessdate=|author=|date=2020年3月13日|format=|publisher=BBC|language=zh-cn|archive-date=2020年10月31日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031224120/https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/business-51869074|dead-url=no}}</ref>。多伦多股市12日经历了该股市迄今为止最黑暗的一天，{{Link-en|综合股指|S&P/TSX Composite Index}}暴跌1761点，收盘于12508点，跌幅达12.3%，创下该股市1940年以来最大的单日跌幅<ref>{{Cite web|title=超10国股市熔断！美联储5000亿救市 道指仍狂泄2352点！真正考验A股的时候到了|url=http://stock.eastmoney.com/a/202003131416584589.html|accessdate=|author=|date=2020年3月12日|format=|publisher=证券时报|language=zh-cn|archive-date=2020年6月10日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610095821/http://stock.eastmoney.com/a/202003131416584589.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Canadian stock market bloodbath: Worst one-day fall in 80 years|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/12/futures-market-points-to-another-plunge-for-us-stocks-global-markets-down.html|accessdate=2020-03-12|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=2020-03-12|language=en|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506111923/https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/03/12/futures-market-points-to-another-plunge-for-us-stocks-global-markets-down.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。欧洲主要股指集体重挫，[[德国DAX指数]]、[[CAC 40指數|法国CAC40指数]]、{{Link-en|欧洲斯托克50指数|Euro Stoxx 50}}均收跌超12%，[[富时100指数|英国富时100指数]]跌近10%。意大利富时指数收盘大跌近17%。欧洲斯托克600指数收跌11%，为史上最大单日跌幅<ref>{{Cite web|title=全球市场持续暴跌，股市熔断潮来袭|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/finance/2020/03/13/703147.html|accessdate=|author=|date=2020年3月12日|format=|publisher=新京报|language=zh-cn|archive-date=2020年9月17日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917014548/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/finance/2020/03/13/703147.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。据加密货币交易平台Bitstamp数据，[[比特币]]单价报约5933美元，24小时暴跌1926美元，跌幅超过四分之一，创下7年内最低值<ref>{{Cite web|title=Down 26%: Bitcoin Sees Worst Sell-Off in 7 Years as Coronavirus Spurs Flight to Safety|url=https://www.coindesk.com/down-26-bitcoin-sees-worst-sell-off-in-7-years-as-coronavirus-spurs-flight-to-safety|date=2020-03-12|language=en|website=CoinDesk|access-date=2020-03-12|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506111934/https://www.coindesk.com/down-26-bitcoin-sees-worst-sell-off-in-7-years-as-coronavirus-spurs-flight-to-safety|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2020年3月13日，受隔夜华尔街出现历史性下跌影响，周五早盘亚洲股市集体重挫，[[韓國綜合股價指數|韩国Kospi综合指数]]早盘暴跌8%，触发熔断。[[日经平均指数|日本日经225]]早盘也下跌超6％，重挫至2016年11月以来最低水平；[[东证股价指数|东证指数]]也下跌了6.15％。澳洲股市也遭抛售，[[S&P/ASX 200 指数|澳大利亚ASX 200]]早盘下跌超过7％，已从上个月的高位下跌30%跌入熊市<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=全球上演“熔断潮”：亚太市场急跌，韩国股指触发熔断|url=https://www.yicai.com/news/100546549.html|accessdate=|author=黄宇|date=2020年3月13日|format=|publisher=第一财经|language=zh-cn|archive-date=2020年6月10日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610095846/https://www.yicai.com/news/100546549.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

* [[2020年黑色星期一 (3月9日)]]