大卫·鲁宾斯坦:修订间差异
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'''大卫·马克·鲁宾斯坦'''(David Mark Rubenstein,{{bd|1949年|8月11日}})是一位美国律师、商人和慈善家<ref>{{Cite web|title=AllGov - Officials|url=http://www.allgov.com/officials/rubenstein-david?officialid=29254|access-date=2021-03-19|website=www.allgov.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601031857/http://www.allgov.com/officials/rubenstein-david?officialid=29254|dead-url=no}}</ref>,[[凯雷集团]]联合创始人兼联席主席<ref name="CarlyleBio">[https://carlyle.com/about-carlyle/team/david-m-rubenstein The Carlyle Group – Team – David M. Rubenstein] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194404/https://carlyle.com/about-carlyle/team/david-m-rubenstein|date=January 2, 2014}} January 2014</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Gelles|first=David|date=2020-03-12|title=Billionaire Confessional: David Rubenstein on Wealth and Privilege|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/business/david-rubenstein-carlyle-corner-office.html|accessdate=2020-09-03|issn=0362-4331|archivedate=June 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622175121/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/business/david-rubenstein-carlyle-corner-office.html}}</ref>,截至2022年12月净资产32亿美元<ref>{{Cite web|title=David Rubenstein|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/david-rubenstein/|access-date=2022-12-11|website=Forbes|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730025214/https://www.forbes.com/profile/david-rubenstein/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
除去商业上的身份外,他还是[[约翰·肯尼迪表演艺术中心]]、[[国家美术馆 (华盛顿)|国家美术馆]]、[[美国外交关系协会|外交关系委员会]]、[[芝加哥大学]]董事会等机构的主席。
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== 生平 ==
鲁宾斯坦是[[巴爾的摩]]一个普通犹太家庭的独生子,父亲是[[美國郵政署|美国邮政局]]职员,母亲是家庭主妇<ref>{{Cite news|title=Donor Gives Lincoln Center $10 Million|author=Robin Pogrebin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/arts/01donor.html|work=The New York Times|date=September 30, 2009|accessdate=July 28, 2012|archivedate=November 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116110128/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/arts/01donor.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Five local Jews make Forbes richest list|author=Aaron Leibel|url=http://washingtonjewishweek.com/main.asp?SectionID=4&SubSectionID=60&ArticleID=11567&TM=24272.7|work=Washington Jewish Week|date=October 7, 2009|agency=JTA News and Features|accessdate=July 28, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905154137/http://washingtonjewishweek.com/main.asp?SectionID=4|archivedate=September 5, 2012}}</ref>。他毕业于巴尔的摩城市学院预科高中,之后进入[[杜克大学]],加入Phi Beta Kappa兄弟会,1970年获政治学文学学士学位<ref>{{Cite web|title=David M. Rubenstein: The Patriotic Philanthropist {{!}} Wells Fargo Conversations|url=https://conversations.wf.com/mindful-giving/|access-date=2022-12-11|website=conversations.wf.com|archive-date=2023-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015353/https://conversations.wf.com/mindful-giving/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。1973年,他获[[芝加哥大学法学院]][[法律博士|法律博士学位]],任《芝加哥大学法律评论》(The University of Chicago Law Review)编辑<ref name="CarlyleBio"
1973年至1975年间,鲁宾斯坦在纽约
== 个人生活 ==
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鲁宾斯坦住在[[贝塞斯达 (马里兰州)|马里兰州贝塞斯达]],1983年5月21日与爱丽丝·鲁宾斯坦(原名Alice Nicole Rogoff)结婚<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/22/style/dm-rubenstein-wed-to-alice-nicole-rogoff.html|work=The New York Times|title=D.M. Rubenstein Wed To Alice Nicole Rogoff|date=May 22, 1983|accessdate=July 28, 2012|archivedate=August 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820101246/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/22/style/dm-rubenstein-wed-to-alice-nicole-rogoff.html}}</ref>,2017年12月8日离婚<ref>{{Cite news|title=Billionaire David Rubenstein and his wife, Alice Rogoff, divorce|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/billionaire-david-rubenstein-and-his-wife-alice-rogoff-divorce/2017/12/08/ba41a5f4-dc49-11e7-b859-fb0995360725_story.html|accessdate=December 10, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015803/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/billionaire-david-rubenstein-and-his-wife-alice-rogoff-divorce/2017/12/08/ba41a5f4-dc49-11e7-b859-fb0995360725_story.html|archivedate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>。
2019年10月,鲁宾斯坦出版他的第一本书<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-American-Story/David-M-Rubenstein/9781982120252|title=The American Story|date=October 29, 2019|isbn=9781982120252|accessdate=September 4, 2019|archivedate=September 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904142948/https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-American-Story/David-M-Rubenstein/9781982120252|last=Rubenstein|first=David M.}}</ref>《美国故事:历史学大师访谈》(''The American Story: Interviews with Master Historians'')。他也主持过一些电视节目,如[[美国公共广播公司]]的《大卫·鲁宾斯坦谈历史》(History with David Rubenstein)<ref>{{Cite web|title=History with David Rubenstein Premieres July 3, 2020 at 8:30pm on WETA PBS|url=https://weta.org/press/history-david-rubenstein-premieres-july-3-2020-830pm-weta-pbs|access-date=2021-03-17|website=WETA|archive-date=2023-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426154719/https://weta.org/press/history-david-rubenstein-premieres-july-3-2020-830pm-weta-pbs|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
== 慈善 ==
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他是一名艺术爱好者,2007年12月用2130万美元买下《[[大宪章]]》副本<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=December 19, 2007|title=Magna Carta bought for $21m by US tycoon|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article3070798.ece|first=James|author=Bone|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121181301/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article3070798.ece|archivedate=November 21, 2008|accessdate=July 28, 2012}}</ref>,放在[[国家档案和记录管理局]]展出<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/magna-carta-returns-to-national-archives/|title=Magna Carta Returns to National Archives|date=March 4, 2008|author=Mike Nizza|accessdate=26 March 2009|work=The New York Times|archivedate=March 28, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328120738/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/magna-carta-returns-to-national-archives/}}</ref>。2011年,他又给档案局捐赠了1350万美元以建立画廊和游客中心<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 2011 |title=$13.5 million gift to Foundation |journal=Declarations |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |issue=603 |page=3}}</ref>。
他向国家美术馆捐赠了1000万美元,用于东楼的翻新和扩建工程,工程于2016年9月竣工。之后,他又在2021年向国家美术馆捐赠了1000万美元。2021年,他成为国家美术馆董事会主席。<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Gallery of Art Board of Trustees Elects Indra Nooyi as New Trustee; Sharon Rockefeller Retires as Chairman; Trustees Elect David Rubenstein as Chairman|url=https://www.nga.gov/press/2021/board-of-trustees.html|access-date=2023-09-22|archive-date=2023-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522193710/https://www.nga.gov/press/2021/board-of-trustees.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 大学 ===
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鲁宾斯坦已向[[杜克大学]]捐赠超过1亿美元,2013年至2017年担任该校校董会主席<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2016/06/rubenstein-to-leave-dukes-board-of-trustees-in-2017-after-years-of-university-contributions|title=David Rubenstein to leave Duke's Board of Trustees in 2017 after years of University contributions|work=The Chronicle|accessdate=2017-12-07|archivedate=December 8, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070705/http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2016/06/rubenstein-to-leave-dukes-board-of-trustees-in-2017-after-years-of-university-contributions}}</ref>。
鲁宾斯坦于2007年5月31日
鲁宾斯坦向[[哈佛大学肯尼迪学院]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rubenstein Gives $5M to K-School {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2008/5/19/rubenstein-gives-5m-to-k-school-david/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530091343/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2008/5/19/rubenstein-gives-5m-to-k-school-david/|archive-date=May 30, 2016|access-date=2019-08-15|website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref>捐赠了6000万美元,也是哈佛全球咨询委员会(Harvard Global Advisory Council)主席、哈佛公司(Harvard Corporation)成员
鲁宾斯坦也向[[约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院]]陆续捐赠了至少3000万美元,是该大学校董。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trustees|url=https://trustees.jhu.edu/trustees/|access-date=2022-12-12|website=JHU Board of Trustees|archive-date=2023-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719202245/https://trustees.jhu.edu/trustees/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 荣誉 ==
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* 2006年,美国成就学院金盘奖(Golden Plate Award)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business|archive-date=December 15, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2020|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2006 Summit Highlights Photo: Awards Council member Eli Broad, an entrepreneur and philanthropist, presents the Golden Plate Award to David M. Rubenstein, Co-founder and Managing Director of The Carlyle Group, at the International Achievement Summit.|url=https://achievement.org/summit/2006/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235257/https://achievement.org/summit/2006/|archive-date=September 17, 2020|access-date=October 1, 2020}}</ref>
* 2011年,国家档案基金会成就奖(Records of Achievement Award)<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 4, 2019|title=Join David M. Rubenstein and Master Historians December 16|url=https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2019/nr20-23#:~:text=Rubenstein%20is%20a%20generous%20supporter,National%20Archives%20for%20public%20display.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024082753/https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2019/nr20-23#:~:text=Rubenstein%20is%20a%20generous%20supporter,National%20Archives%20for%20public%20display.|archive-date=October 24, 2020|access-date=October 1, 2020|publisher=National Archives}}</ref>
* 2014年,[[美国文理科学院]]院士<ref>{{Cite web|title=David M. Rubenstein|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/david-m-rubenstein|access-date=2021-03-17|website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences|archive-date=2023-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807184116/https://www.amacad.org/person/david-m-rubenstein|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2015年,卡内基慈善奖章(Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy)<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2017|title=Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy|url=https://www.medalofphilanthropy.org/david-m-rubenstein/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918191725/https://www.medalofphilanthropy.org/david-m-rubenstein/|archive-date=September 18, 2020|access-date=October 1, 2020|publisher=Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy}}</ref>
* 2017年,林登·约翰逊基金会“人人自由与正义奖”(Liberty & Justice for All Award)<ref>{{Cite web|title=David M. Rubenstein, '73: "Received the Liberty & Justice for All Award on Wednesday from the LBJ Foundation at a gala event at the National Archives in Washington"|url=https://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/david-m-rubenstein-73-received-liberty-justice-all-award-wednesday-lbj-foundation-gala-event|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218033846/https://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/david-m-rubenstein-73-received-liberty-justice-all-award-wednesday-lbj-foundation-gala-event|archive-date=December 18, 2019|access-date=October 1, 2020|publisher=University of Chicago Law School}}</ref>
* 2018年,[[达特茅斯学院]]荣誉学位<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vereckey|first=Betsy|date=November 11, 2019|title=David M. Rubenstein Advises MBAs to Follow their Passions and Lead by Example|url=https://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu//news/articles/david-rubenstein-advises-mbas-to-follow-their-passions-and-lead-by-example|access-date=2021-03-17|website=www.tuck.dartmouth.edu|archive-date=2023-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517003417/https://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu//news/articles/david-rubenstein-advises-mbas-to-follow-their-passions-and-lead-by-example|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2019年,杜克大学大学奖章(University Medal)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brenda Armstrong, David Rubenstein to Receive Duke's Highest Honor|url=https://today.duke.edu/2019/08/brenda-armstrong-david-rubenstein-receive-duke%E2%80%99s-highest-honor|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913215109/https://today.duke.edu/2019/08/brenda-armstrong-david-rubenstein-receive-duke%E2%80%99s-highest-honor|archive-date=September 13, 2019|access-date=October 1, 2020|publisher=Duke Today}}</ref>
* 2019年,华盛顿哈佛俱乐部公共服务奖<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Public Service Award Dinner Honoring David Rubenstein|url=http://hcdc.clubs.harvard.edu/article.html?aid=1884|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027145337/http://hcdc.clubs.harvard.edu/article.html?aid=1884|archive-date=October 27, 2020|access-date=October 1, 2020|publisher=The Harvard Club of Washington, DC}}</ref>
* 2019年,[[布朗大学]]荣誉学位<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brown to confer seven honorary degrees at Commencement 2019|url=https://www.brown.edu/news/2019-04-23/honorary|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Brown University|archive-date=2023-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426154719/https://www.brown.edu/news/2019-04-23/honorary|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2019年,[[美國哲學學會|美国哲学会]]院士<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=David+M.+Rubenstein&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-02-04|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2023-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422225554/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=David+M.+Rubenstein&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 参考文献 ==
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* {{official website}}
* {{C-SPAN}}
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/peer-to-peer ''The David Rubenstein Show''] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/peer-to-peer |date=20190708084715 }}
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