Google地球：修订间差异
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{{Infobox software
| name = Google地球
| name_ol=Google Earth▼
| logo = [[File:Google Earth icon.svg|64px]]
| screenshot = [[File:NASA World Wind - Google Earth bar.png|300px|alt=Google Earth 9.3 的截图。图片正中央有一个三维地球模型。左侧为工具栏，提供搜索等功能。图片底部附有版权声明、当前经纬度等信息]]
| caption = 网页版Google
| collapsible =
| author =
| developer = [[Google]]
| released =
| latest release version = '''Windows, macOS, Linux'''<BR>
|latest_release_version = 7.3.4.8642
|latest_release_date ={{release date and age|2022|05|12}}<ref name=DOWNLOADPAGE>{{cite web|title=Google Earth|url=https://www.google.com/earth/versions/#earth-pro|publisher=Google|access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=2022-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822224526/https://www.google.com/earth/versions/#earth-pro|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}<BR>'''Google Chrome'''<BR>{{LSR
|article = Google Earth
|latest_release_version = 9.159.0.0 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earth.google.com/web|title=Google Earth|website=earth.google.com|access-date=22 April 2022|archive-date=2013-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221234713/https://earth.google.com/web|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}<BR>'''Android'''<BR>{{LSR
|article = Google Earth
|latest_release_version = 9.162.0.2
|latest_release_date = {{start date and age|2022|5|10}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/google-inc/earth/|title=Google Earth APKs|website=APKMirror|access-date=22 April 2022|archive-date=2021-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125065515/https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/google-inc/earth/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}<BR>'''iOS'''<BR>{{LSR
|article = Google Earth
|latest_release_version = 9.154
|latest_release_date = {{start date and age|2022|1|19}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apps.apple.com/app/id293622097|title=Google Earth|website=App Store|language=en-us|access-date=22 April 2022|archive-date=2022-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609184014/https://apps.apple.com/app/id293622097|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}
| programming language = [[C++]]（桌面版）[[WebAssembly]]（网页版）
| size = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] - 61.59 [[Megabyte|MB]]（64位）/54.88 [[Megabyte|MB]]（32位）; [[iOS]] - 203.78 MB; [[Linux]] - 24 MB; [[
| operating system = [[網路應用程式]]、[[Android]]、<br>[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] [[Windows
| language = 68種語言
| genre =
| license = [[免费
| website = {{URL|https://
}}
'''Google地球'''（{{lang-en|Google Earth}}）是一款[[Google公司]]开发的
除地球的三维模型以外，桌面版的Google地球还提供了[[月球]]和[[火星]]的模型，观察太空的星空模式，以及[[飞行模拟器]]游戏。Google地球也能将[[Panoramio]]和[[维基百科]]的街景图片和地点信息显示在地球仪上。网页版的Google地球还包括具有[[導遊|导游]]功能的“探索者”模式。
截止至2019年，Google地球已经拍摄了3600万平方英里的卫星图片，覆盖了地球98%的人口地区。其[[Google街景服务|街景服务]]已经拍摄了1000万英里的360°[[全景图|全景照片]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google reveals just how much of the world it’s mapped with Street View and Earth|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/13/21020814/google-world-mapped-street-view-earth-square-miles|accessdate=2020-04-10|date=2019-12-13|last=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|work=The Verge|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313231418/https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/13/21020814/google-world-mapped-street-view-earth-square-miles|archive-date=2020-03-13|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Google地球在[[隐私权|隐私]]和[[國家安全|国家安全]]方面引发了许多争议。有些国家和地区要求谷歌在卫星图像中隐藏涉密的军事区域。
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== 开发历史 ==
20世纪90年代末期，Intrinsic Graphics开发了一个3D游戏软件库。为了演示他们的产品，他们开发了一个可以放大旋转的三维地球模型。这是Google地球的技术原型。<ref name="kilday2">{{cite book|title=Never Lost Again: The Google Mapping Revolution That Sparked New Industries and Augmented Our Reality|url=https://archive.org/details/neverlostagaingo0000kild|publisher=HarperBusiness|author=Bill Kilday|year=2018|isbn=978-0062673046}}</ref>在1999年，Intrinsic创立了Keyhole公司，该公司由{{Translink|en|John Hanke|4=约翰·汉克}}领导。约翰·汉克表示，他创立这个公司的灵感来源于[[尼尔·斯蒂芬森]]的小说《
2003年初，Keyhole与[[CNN]]达成了协议，允许CNN以极低的价格使用EarthView地图，但必须在电视画面中附有Keyhole的[[Logo]]。Keyhole并没有指望这些10多秒的动画视频能给他们公司带来什么改变。但在2003年[[伊拉克战争]]期间，CNN大量使用了EarthView地图，以跟踪战争进程。<ref>{{Cite web|title=The CIA's EarthViewer was basically the original
2004年4月，Keyhole公司向Google创始人[[谢尔盖·布林]]和[[拉里·佩奇]]展示了他们的软件<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xjRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT372&lpg=PT372&dq=keyhole&q=keyhole&f=false|publisher=馬可孛羅|date=2019-03-05|isbn=978-957-8759-56-5|language=zh-TW|title=地圖的歷史：從石刻地圖到Google Maps，重新看待世界的方式（二版）|year=|pages=|last=賽門·加菲爾(Simon Garfield)|location=|access-date=2020-04-20|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203065341/https://books.google.com/books?id=3xjRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT372&lpg=PT372&dq=keyhole&q=keyhole&f=false|dead-url=no}}</ref>，随后在10月，谷歌正式收购了Keyhole。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109888284313557107|work=Wall Street Journal|date=2004-10-27|accessdate=2017-12-03|title=Google Acquires Keyhole|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171107/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109888284313557107|archive-date=2017-12-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>其创始成员{{Translink|en|Brian McClendon|4=布莱恩·麦克兰登}}和约翰·汉克留在了Google。<ref name=":9" />2005年，Google推出了收购了Keyhole后的第一个版本：Google地球3.0。<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|chapter=PC Mag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_gb8AdBqj8C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Google+earth+3.0|publisher=Ziff Davis, Inc.|date=2005-08-23|language=en|first=|title=Satellite's-Eye View Meets Google Search|year=|isbn=|pages=40|access-date=2020-04-19|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203065338/https://books.google.com/books?id=z_gb8AdBqj8C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Google+earth+3.0|dead-url=no}}</ref>2010年汉克在谷歌内部成立创业公司[[Niantic|Niantic Labs]]，开发了Field Trip、[[Ingress]]等产品，后于2015年脱离Google成为独立公司。<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Niantic Labs, Maker Of Ingress, Spun Out Of Google As Its Own Company|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2015/08/12/niantic-labs-maker-of-ingress-spun-out-as-its-own-company/|accessdate=2020-04-11|work=TechCrunch|language=en-US|archive-date=2015-09-09|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150909075015/http://techcrunch.com/2015/08/12/niantic%2Dlabs%2Dmaker%2Dof%2Dingress%2Dspun%2Dout%2Das%2Dits%2Down%2Dcompany/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Google地球最初使用[[C++|C++语言]]在Windows平台上开发。后来移植到了Android和iOS平台中。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Ported to Browsers with WebAssembly|url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2019/06/google-earth-web-assembly-port/|accessdate=2020-04-19|work=InfoQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219231409/https://www.infoq.com/news/2019/06/google-earth-web-assembly-port/|archive-date=2020-02-19|dead-url=no}}</ref>2017年4月18日，经过全新设计的Google地球9.0发布。<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Google Groups|url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/maps/n5kxulcQUTM|accessdate=2017-04-22|work=productforums.google.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/maps/n5kxulcQUTM|archive-date=2018-12-03|dead-url=no}}</ref>由于采用了[[Native Client]]技术，刚发布时仅能在[[Google Chrome|Google Chrome浏览器]]中运行。<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.gearthblog.com/blog/archives/2017/04/first-review-new-google-earth.html|title=First Review of New Google Earth - Google Earth Blog|date=2017-04-18|work=Google Earth Blog|accessdate=2017-04-22|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423072252/https://www.gearthblog.com/blog/archives/2017/04/first-review-new-google-earth.html|archive-date=2017-04-23|dead-url=no}}</ref>此版本增加了“探索者”、“手气不错”等功能。<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Google Earth feeds your wanderlust with 'Voyager' stories|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017-04-18-google-earth-feeds-your-wanderlust-with-voyager-stories.html|accessdate=2020-04-19|work=Engadget|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203065447/https://www.engadget.com/2017-04-18-google-earth-feeds-your-wanderlust-with-voyager-stories.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>2020年2月27日，Google使用C++语言在[[WebAssembly]]上重写了Google地球，从此Google地球可以在[[Firefox]]和[[Edge浏览器]]上运行。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth 终于正式在 FireFox、Edge 以及 Opera 用上了|url=http://cn.engadget.com/cn-2020-02-27-google-earth-web-assembly-firefox-edge-opera.html|accessdate=2020-04-19|work=Engadget 中国版|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228123253/https://cn.engadget.com/cn-2020-02-27-google-earth-web-assembly-firefox-edge-opera.html|archive-date=2020-02-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 卫星图像 ==
Google地球由大量从[[人造衛星|卫星]]或[[航空器|飞机]]上拍摄的图片拼接而成，靠近地面的图像通常由一张原始的航拍图组成。将地图缩小，可视范围变大时，图像由多张航拍图拼接而成，不同航拍图的拍摄时间和成像质量有所不同。Google地球的卫星图来源于不同的卫星提供商。在卫星图的下方会标记卫星图的来源与拍摄日期。<ref>{{Cite web|title=How images are collected|url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/6327779?hl=en|accessdate=2017-08-06|author=|date=|format=|publisher=|language=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919215532/https://support.google.com/earth/answer/6327779|archivedate=2017-09-19|dead-url=no}}</ref>在[[美国国家航空航天局|NASA]]和[[美國地質調查局|USGS]]的[[陸地衛星計畫|陸地衛星]]8号发射之前，Google部分依赖于[[陸地衛星計畫|陸地衛星]]陸地衛星7号的图像。由于卫星的硬件故障，图像的边缘会有损失。<ref>{{Cite web|title=SLC-off Products: Background|url=https://landsat.usgs.gov/slc-products-background|accessdate=2017-08-06|publisher=United States Geological Survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072341/https://landsat.usgs.gov/slc-products-background|archivedate=2017-08-07|dead-url=yes}}</ref>2013年，Google通过[[数据挖掘]]分析了陸地衛星7号拍摄的多组图像，解决了此问题，并消除了云和大气对图像的影响。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Only clear skies on Google Maps and Earth|url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2013/06/only-clear-skies-on-google-maps-and.html|accessdate=2017-08-06|date=2013-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072138/https://maps.googleblog.com/2013/06/only-clear-skies-on-google-maps-and.html|archive-date=2017-08-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>2016年，Google使用陸地衛星8号来提供更高分辨率的图像。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth and Maps get sharper satellite imagery with new update|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/27/google-earth-and-maps-get-sharper-satellite-imagery-with-new-update/|accessdate=2017-08-06|date=2016-06-27|publisher=Tech Crunch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072458/https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/27/google-earth-and-maps-get-sharper-satellite-imagery-with-new-update/|archive-date=2017-08-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>图像的分辨率从15米到1米不等。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Maps and Google Earth now have insanely high res satellite imagery|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-maps-google-earth-updated-satellite-imagery-700403/|accessdate=2020-04-10|date=2016-06-27|work=Android Authority|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907044537/http://www.androidauthority.com/google-maps-google-earth-updated-satellite-imagery-700403/|archive-date=2017-09-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>对于地球上的大部分地区，Google地球使用[[美国国家航空航天局|美国宇航局]]的
由于卫星图提供商不同<ref>{{Cite web|title=Permissions – Google|url=https://www.google.com/permissions/geoguidelines/attr-guide/|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=www.google.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511235756/https://www.google.com/permissions/geoguidelines/attr-guide/|archive-date=2020-05-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>，卫星图的版权协议各有差异。在遵守归属准则的前提下，可以有限度的免费使用Google地球的图片。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Permissions – Google|url=https://www.google.com/permissions/geoguidelines/|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=www.google.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411174354/https://www.google.com/permissions/geoguidelines/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
在Google地球5.0版本中，Google引入了历史图像，用户可以查看多年前拍摄的卫星图像。使用此功能可以观察某一区域随时间的变化。<ref name="Dive into New Google Earth">{{Cite web|title=Dive into New Google Earth|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/dive-into-new-google-earth.html|accessdate=2009-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203181324/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/dive-into-new-google-earth.html|archive-date=2009-02-03|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 功能及用途 ==
启动网页版Google地球后，一个缓慢旋转的地球模型会出现在屏幕上。用户可以点击并拖动鼠标或手指来转动地球。可以滑动鼠标滚轮或使用两根手指来放大地球，当放大到接近地面时，视线会逐渐与地面平行并进入3D模式。用户也可以点击3D按钮直接进入3D模式。在3D模式中，用户可以自由地游览整个城市的3D模型。<ref name=":2" />用户可以在左侧的搜索菜单中使用名称或经纬度搜索并定位目的地。<ref>{{Cite web|title=查看地点和更改视图 - 计算机 - Google 地球帮助|url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/7364447|accessdate=2020-04-11|work=support.google.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411082413/https://support.google.com/earth/answer/7364447|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How to use Google Earth and Street View to explore the planet|url=https://www.popsci.com/google-earth-and-street-view-tips/|accessdate=2020-04-11|work=Popular Science|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411082413/https://www.popsci.com/google-earth-and-street-view-tips/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
在“探索者”模式中，用户可以按照设定好的路线，按顺序游览地球。每个地点都会展示此地点的3D模型、全景图片或视频，在旁边会显示关于此地点背景知识的知识卡片。<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/04/google-earth-adds-guided-video-tours-from-bbcs-planet-earth-and-others/|title=Google Earth gets a new home on the Web, fancy "guided tour" section|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=2017-04-22|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421135215/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/04/google-earth-adds-guided-video-tours-from-bbcs-planet-earth-and-others/|archive-date=2017-04-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>该版本还添加了“[[手气不错]]”按钮，该按钮可以将用户带到地球上的随机位置，并向他们显示知识卡片，知识卡片的内容大多来源于[[维基百科]]。<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/04/google-earth-adds-guided-video-tours-from-bbcs-planet-earth-and-others/|title=Google Earth gets a new home on the Web, fancy "guided tour" section|work=Ars Technica|access-date=2017-04-22|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421135215/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/04/google-earth-adds-guided-video-tours-from-bbcs-planet-earth-and-others/|archive-date=2017-04-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 3D城市模型 ===
{{multiple image
| width = 500
在部分地区，Google地球可以显示[[三维计算机图形|3D]]建筑模型。Google地球中的第一批3D建筑是使用[[SketchUp]]等[[三维模型|3D建模]]程序创建的。2009年，谷歌发布Building Maker以方便用户建立和上传3D建筑模型<ref>{{Cite web|title=Introducing Google Building Maker|url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/10/introducing-google-building-maker.html|accessdate=2016-07-24|author=Mark Limber|date=2009-10-13|coauthors=Matt Simpson|format=|publisher=|language=}}</ref>。Google在2012年6月宣布，它将用自动生成的3D建筑替换用户生成的3D建筑物。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore the world with tour guide and 3D imagery in Google Earth 7|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.ca/2012/10/explore-world-with-tour-guide-and-3d.html|accessdate=2016-07-24|publisher=Google LatLong Blog}}</ref>▼
| align = center
| header =截止至2019年11月，覆盖有3D影像的国家或地区（3D影像主要覆蓋國家、3D影像覆蓋率）
| image1 =3D_locations_in_Google_Earth.svg
| caption1 = <blockquote>
{{Col begin}}
{{legend|#ED1C24|具有3D覆蓋範圍的國家/地區}}
{{legend|#FFAEC9|過去曾經有3D覆蓋範圍的國家/地區}}
{{Col end}}
</blockquote>
| image2 =3D building coverage in Google Earth.svg
| caption2 =<blockquote>
{{Col begin}}
{{legend|#587b17|高覆蓋率的3D建築物}}
{{legend|#76a51f|3D建築物的中景覆蓋}}
{{legend|#9fd935|3D建築物覆蓋率低}}
{{Col end}}
</blockquote>
}}
▲在部分地区，Google地球可以显示[[三维计算机图形|3D]]建筑模型。Google地球中的第一批3D建筑是使用[[SketchUp]]等[[三维模型|3D建模]]程序创建的。2009年，谷歌发布Building Maker以方便用户建立和上传3D建筑模型<ref>{{Cite web|title=Introducing Google Building Maker|url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/10/introducing-google-building-maker.html|accessdate=2016-07-24|author=Mark Limber|date=2009-10-13|coauthors=Matt Simpson|format=|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819071811/https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/10/introducing-google-building-maker.html|archive-date=2016-08-19|dead-url=no}}</ref>。Google在2012年6月宣布，它将用自动生成的3D建筑替换用户生成的3D建筑物。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore the world with tour guide and 3D imagery in Google Earth 7|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.ca/2012/10/explore-world-with-tour-guide-and-3d.html|accessdate=2016-07-24|publisher=Google LatLong Blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128194004/http://google-latlong.blogspot.ca/2012/10/explore-world-with-tour-guide-and-3d.html|archive-date=2016-01-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>
谷歌在飞机上搭载了5个不同方向的摄像机，当飞机以不同角度飞过同一地区时，会拍摄到不同角度的图片。谷歌首先对图片进行初步处理，以去除云、雾霾对图片质量的干扰，谷歌也会抹去地面上的汽车。之后[[電子計算機|计算机]]会对这些图片进行分析，以制作出标示镜头与物体距离的{{Translink|en|Depth map|4=深度图}}。不同角度的深度图可以制作成{{Translink|en|Mesh generation|4=网格图}}，这是建筑物的一个粗略的3D模型。然后将拍摄的的图片[[材质贴图|贴图]]到这些模型上。为了得到更好的显示效果，这些图片大多数是在春天拍摄的。<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Google Earth’s incredible 3D imagery, explained|url=https://blog.google/products/earth/google-earths-incredible-3d-imagery-explained/|accessdate=2020-04-09|date=2017-04-18|work=Google|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214080333/https://blog.google/products/earth/google-earths-incredible-3d-imagery-explained/|archive-date=2019-12-14|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 街景 ===
[[File:GoogleStreetViewCar_Subaru_Impreza_at_Google_Campus.JPG|缩略图|位于美国加利福尼亚州山景城的谷歌街景车]]
{{Main|Google街景}}
2008年4月15日，谷歌推出Google地球4.3版本，此版本正式整合街景视图功能。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth 4.3|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/google-earth-43-227234|accessdate=2020-04-11|author=Hoffman, Tony|date=2008-05-06|format=|work=|publisher=PC Magazine|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411015428/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/google-earth-43-227234|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>Google街景视图提供水平方向360°及垂直方向290°的街道全景街景视图。这些照片是由安装在汽车上的相机拍摄的。Google街景中的全景图片可使用[[滑鼠|鼠标]]点击拖动，以从不同大小、不同方向及不同角度观看。在车不能进入的地方（如某些限定行人通行的区域、狭窄的街道以及公园小巷等），则以Google三轮车替代。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Google Street View's latest weapon: a tricycle|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2009/may/18/google-google-street-view|accessdate=2020-04-10|date=2009-05-18|last=Andrews|first=Robert|work=the Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030075055/https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2009/may/18/google-google-street-view|archive-date=2019-10-30|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 水體与海洋 ===
谷歌海洋在2009年被引入Google地球5.0中。Google海洋提供世界各地海洋的水下全景图，附带世界各地的航海影像、图片、适合冲浪处、适合潜水处、鱼群出没地、有过真实海洋考察的地点等信息。利用此功能，用户可以潜到海平面以下，以三维的形式探索海底的各个角落。<ref>{{cite web|title=谷歌地球在海洋领域的商业研究|url=http://www.godeyes.cn/html/2009/06/24/google_earth_7920.html|accessdate=2010年2月6日|date=2009年6月24日|publisher=上帝之眼|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319210315/http://www.godeyes.cn/html/2009/06/24/google_earth_7920.html|archive-date=2015年3月19日|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2011年6月，Google将某些深海底区域的分辨率从1公里的网格提高到了100米。<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Google Ocean Maps Dive Deep|url=http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2814|accessdate=2012-07-30|date=2011-06-08|publisher=The Earth Institute – Columbia University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405105746/http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2814|archive-date=2012-04-05|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[哥伦比亚大学]]拉蒙特-多尔蒂（Lamont-Doherty）地球观测所的海洋学家提供了大量的海底高分辨率图像，这些图像覆盖了大约5％的海床。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Detailed View of Seafloor Depicted in New Google Earth Maps|url=https://e360.yale.edu/digest/detailed_view_of_seafloor_depicted_in_new_google_earth_maps|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=Yale E360|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411001902/https://e360.yale.edu/digest/detailed_view_of_seafloor_depicted_in_new_google_earth_maps|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=See the seafloor like never before on World Oceans Day|url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2011/06/see-seafloor-like-never-before-on-world.html|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=Google Lat Long|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411001900/https://maps.googleblog.com/2011/06/see-seafloor-like-never-before-on-world.html|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 专业版功能 ===
以下功能仅适用于运行于Windows平台上的Google地球专业版。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google 地球版本|url=https://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/earth/versions/|accessdate=2020-04-19|work=Google 地球|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501232644/https://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/earth/versions/|archive-date=2020-05-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==== 外太空 ====
第78行 ⟶ 第110行：
===== 谷歌星空 =====
{{Main|Google星空}}
谷歌星空于2007年8月22日在Google地球4.2中推出，2008年3月13日推出网页版。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Sky|url=https://www.google.com/sky/|accessdate=2012-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731051817/http://www.google.com/sky/|archive-date=2012-07-31|dead-url=no}}</ref>用户可以在谷歌星空中查看[[恒星]]和其他天体。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore the sky with Google Earth|url=http://earth.google.com/sky/skyedu.html|accessdate=2007-08-22|date=2007-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824044855/http://earth.google.com/sky/skyedu.html|archive-date=2007-08-24|dead-url=no}}</ref>Google地球的图层功能同样适用于星空模式，并可以在紫外线、红外线、X射线或微波等不同波段下浏览星空。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Sky, Now in Your Web Browser|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2008/03/13/google-sky-now-in-you-web-browser/|accessdate=2020-05-09|work=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref>[[Google]]与[[太空望遠鏡科學研究所|太空望远镜科学研究所]]（STScI）等天文机构展开合作，收录了[[哈勃空间望远镜|哈勃望远镜]]等望远镜拍摄的超过1亿颗恒星和2亿个星系的图像。<ref>{{cite web|title=Celestial add-on points Google Earth at the stars – tech – August 22, 2007 – New Scientist Tech|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12523|accessdate=2010-08-25|publisher=Technology.newscientist.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916084159/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12523|archive-date=2012-09-16|dead-url=no}}</ref>用户也可以从外部的KML文件导入更高分辨率的星空图片。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Sky Gains Galaxy Cluster Data|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2010/11/02/199203/google-sky-gains-galaxy-cluster-data/|accessdate=2020-05-09|work=MIT Technology Review|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421120152/https://www.technologyreview.com/2010/11/02/199203/google-sky-gains-galaxy-cluster-data/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
===== 火星 =====
第84行 ⟶ 第116行：
Google地球也提供了火星的3D模型。[[火星侦察轨道器|火星侦察轨道飞行器]]的[[高解析度成像科學設備|HiRISE]]摄像机还提供了一些高分辨率图像，这些图像的分辨率与地球上的相似。此外，还有许多火星着陆器的全景图像，例如“[[火星探测漫游者]]”，“[[勇气号]]”和“[[机遇号火星漫游车|机遇号]]”。这些图片可以用类似于Google街景的方式查看。
在谷歌火星的[[塞東尼亞區|塞东尼亚区]]火星人脸旁边，谷歌放置了一个聊天机器人“Meliza”，用户可以打字与其交谈。<ref>{{Cite book|title=Google Earth 2017: Learning the Essentials|last=Michelson|first=Dale|publisher=First Rank Publishing|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&lpg=PT16&dq=meliza+google+earth|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203065646/https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&lpg=PT16&dq=meliza+google+earth|dead-url=no}}</ref>
===== 月球 =====
{{Main|Google月球}}
Google在2009年7月20日[[阿波罗11号]]任务40周年之际，将该功能引入了Google地球。谷歌月球包含了多个导游图层，如阿波罗11号之旅。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fly yourself to the moon|url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/07/fly-yourself-to-moon.html|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=Google Lat Long|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831192828/https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/07/fly-yourself-to-moon.html|archive-date=2019-08-31|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==== 图层 ====
Google地球具有“图层”功能，可以让用户更好的了解特定地点。图层所对应的图标会覆盖在地图的特定位置上上，点击图标可以了解此位置在图层中的详细信息。包括了地理資訊、街景、交通、气象、海洋和照片库等图层。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google adds Street View to Google Earth for mobile, new satellite imagery to Earth and Maps|url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/apps/news/google/122028-google-adds-street-view-to-google-earth-for-mobile-new-satellite-imagery-to-earth-and-maps|accessdate=2020-04-10|date=2013-06-26|last=Pocket-lint|work=Pocket-lint|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825081713/https://www.pocket-lint.com/apps/news/google/122028-google-adds-street-view-to-google-earth-for-mobile-new-satellite-imagery-to-earth-and-maps|archive-date=2018-08-25|dead-url=no}}</ref>一些图层包括导游功能，用户可以按照图层中的特定顺序浏览地球。用户可以使用[[KML|KML语言]]来创建自定义图层。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Google Makes it Easy to Create Your Own Google Earth Layers|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/02/google-makes-it-easy-to-create-your-own-google-earth-layers/|last=Gilbertson|first=Scott|date=2008-02-15|journal=Wired|issn=1059-1028|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415045314/https://www.wired.com/2008/02/google-makes-it-easy-to-create-your-own-google-earth-layers/|dead-url=no}}</ref>2006年12月，[[维基百科]]和[[Panoramio]]作为图层集成到了Google地球中。该图层可以在地图的对应位置上展示Panoramio用户拍摄的照片和此位置对应的维基百科[[条目]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth adds Wikipedia, Panoramio layers|url=https://lifehacker.com/google-earth-adds-wikipedia-panoramio-layers-220743|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=Lifehacker|language=en-us|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315011236/https://lifehacker.com/google-earth-adds-wikipedia-panoramio-layers-220743|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT6&lpg=PT6&dq=google+earth+wikipedia+layer|publisher=First Rank Publishing|date=2017-08-16|language=en|first=Dale|last=Michelson|title=Google Earth 2017: Learning the Essentials|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=|access-date=2020-05-05|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315002513/https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT6&lpg=PT6&dq=google+earth+wikipedia+layer|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==== 飞行模拟器 ====
[[飛行模擬器|飞行模拟器]]功能在Google地球4.2版本中首次出现。<ref>{{Cite news|title=Webwise: Google's flight simulator|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/webwise-googles-flight-simulator-nhmcx9556pd|accessdate=2020-04-20|issn=0140-0460|language=en|first=Matthew|last=Wall|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203065718/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/webwise-googles-flight-simulator-nhmcx9556pd|dead-url=no}}</ref>飞行模拟器中提供了两架飞机。飞行时，会在原有的地球浏览界面上叠加一个[[平视显示器]]以模拟真实的飞机驾驶体验。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth's Hidden Surprise: A Flight Simulator|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2007/08/31/google-earths-easter-egg-a-flight-simulator/|accessdate=2020-04-20|work=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref>除了使用键盘控制之外，还可以使用鼠标或操纵杆来控制模拟器。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Use Google Earth flight simulator – Google Earth Help|url=https://support.google.com/earth/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=148089|accessdate=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528063027/http://support.google.com/earth/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=148089|archive-date=2013-05-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 其他用途 ===
除了以上的基本用途外，Google地球也还有许多其他用途。台灣[[高雄]]警方在追查非法地下油行的行动中，依據Google地球衛星照片及線民所提供地理資料，從照片拍攝找到借由藏身在無門牌號工地裡的油槽、油罐車所進行非法販油位置，因而循線到偵破地下油行。<ref>{{cite news
2009年，谷歌与[[马德里]]的[[普拉多博物馆]]合作，将14幅绘画作品数字化，并可以在Google地球和[[Google地图]]浏览3D化的普拉多博物馆。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jan/14/museums-internet-google-earth-prado|title=Online gallery zooms in on Prado's masterpieces (even the smutty bits)|author=Giles Tremlett|authorlink=Giles Tremlett|date=2009-01-14|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202105601/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jan/14/museums-internet-google-earth-prado|archive-date=2017-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=14 masterpieces from the Museo del Prado in mega-high resolution on Google Earth|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/whats-on/new/14-masterpieces-from-the-museo-del-prado-in/220f2fe9-beec-44a2-afdb-8c67ff37256c|accessdate=2017-12-03|date=2009-01-14|publisher=Museo del Prado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222822/https://www.museodelprado.es/en/whats-on/new/14-masterpieces-from-the-museo-del-prado-in/220f2fe9-beec-44a2-afdb-8c67ff37256c|archive-date=2017-12-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>使用Google地球上的街景视图，用户可以探索30个[[世界遗产]]，并通过知识卡片了解其历史背景。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check out 30 famous World Heritage sites you can virtually visit on Google Earth while social distancing|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-earth-visit-historical-world-heritage-sites-while-social-distancing-2020-3#16-the-great-sphinx-of-giza-stands-along-the-nile-river-16|accessdate=2020-03-22|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321194121/https://www.businessinsider.com/google-earth-visit-historical-world-heritage-sites-while-social-distancing-2020-3#16-the-great-sphinx-of-giza-stands-along-the-nile-river-16|archive-date=2020-03-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>▼
Google地球還推出Timelapse功能，在Timelapse中加入數千張歷史衛星照片並拼接成[[縮時攝影|縮時視頻]]，用戶可以查看地球的變化<ref>{{cite news |title=Google Earth 近年来最大的一次更新，增添了全球各地的时滞视频 |url=https://cn.engadget.com/google-earth-timelapse-3d-023044667.html |accessdate=2021-04-16 |archive-date=2021-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515214851/https://cn.engadget.com/google-earth-timelapse-3d-023044667.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
▲2009年，谷歌与[[马德里]]的[[普拉多博物馆]]合作，将14幅绘画作品数字化，并可以在Google地球和[[Google地图]]浏览3D化的普拉多博物馆。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jan/14/museums-internet-google-earth-prado|title=Online gallery zooms in on Prado's masterpieces (even the smutty bits)|author=Giles Tremlett|authorlink=Giles Tremlett|date=2009-01-14|work=The Guardian|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=14 masterpieces from the Museo del Prado in mega-high resolution on Google Earth|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/whats-on/new/14-masterpieces-from-the-museo-del-prado-in/220f2fe9-beec-44a2-afdb-8c67ff37256c|accessdate=2017-12-03|date=2009-01-14|publisher=Museo del Prado}}</ref>使用Google地球上的街景视图，用户可以探索30个[[世界遗产]]，并通过知识卡片了解其历史背景。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check out 30 famous World Heritage sites you can virtually visit on Google Earth while social distancing|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-earth-visit-historical-world-heritage-sites-while-social-distancing-2020-3#16-the-great-sphinx-of-giza-stands-along-the-nile-river-16|accessdate=2020-03-22|publisher=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref>
== 版本 ==
Google地球的前身Keyhole Viewer 1.0在2001年发布。Android版Google地球于2010年2月22日发布<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth now available for Android|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/02/google-earth-now-available-for-android.html|publisher=google-latlong.blogspot.com|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005350/http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/02/google-earth-now-available-for-android.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|dead-url=no}}</ref>，iOS版于2008年10月27日发布。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth now available for the iPhone|url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2008/10/google-earth-now-available-for-iphone.html|accessdate=2008-10-27|date=2008-10-27|publisher=Google Mobile team|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030030956/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2008/10/google-earth-now-available-for-iphone.html|archive-date=2008-10-30|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2010年在[[奥迪A8]]上推出了汽车版Google地球。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google LatLong: Google & Audi take Google services in a car to the next level in the new Audi A8|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2009/12/google-audi-take-google-services-in-car.html|accessdate=2010-08-25|author=Redmer|date=2009-12-16|first=Jens|publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055435/http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2009/12/google-audi-take-google-services-in-car.html|archive-date=2010-10-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>2017年，Google发布了运行于[[Google Chrome|Chrome浏览器]]的网页版Google地球。2020年2月27日，Google向[[Firefox]]、[[Microsoft Edge|Edge]]和[[Opera電腦瀏覽器|Opera]]等其它浏览器开放了浏览器版的Google地球。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth finally available in browsers other than Chrome|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/27/21155707/google-earth-firefox-edge-opera-support-webassembly-code-update-web-release|accessdate=2020-02-27|author=Warren|date=2020-02-27|first=Tom|work=The Verge|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227123743/https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/27/21155707/google-earth-firefox-edge-opera-support-webassembly-code-update-web-release|archive-date=2020-02-27|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth finally works on Firefox, Edge and Opera browsers|url=https://www.engadget.com/2020/02/27/google-earth-web-assembly-firefox-edge-opera/|accessdate=2020-02-27|work=Engadget|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228003626/https://www.engadget.com/2020/02/27/google-earth-web-assembly-firefox-edge-opera/|archive-date=2020-02-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[File:KmlHistoryTimeline.png|420px|thumb|Google地球版本历史]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+版本历史<ref>{{Cite web|title=查看 Google 地球版本说明 - Google 地球帮助|url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/40901|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=support.google.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411001900/https://support.google.com/earth/answer/40901|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
! style="width:8%" |版本
! style="width:
! style="width:
|-
|1.0
第196行 ⟶ 第230行：
|2017年7月
|
* 普通版Google地球并入Google地球专业版中。（Google还为所有较早期的Pro版本公开提供了免费的许可证密钥）<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/168344?hl=en |title=Update Google Earth Pro |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318082624/https://support.google.com/earth/answer/168344?hl=en |archivedate=2018-03-18 |accessdate=2018-04-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|9.0
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=== Google地球专业版 ===
Google地球专业版（{{lang-en|Google Earth Pro}}）最初是Google地球的企业版本，具有电影制作器和数据导入器等功能。价格为每年399美元。2015年1月，Google决定免费向所有用户开放。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Pro Is Now Available for Free|url=https://gizmodo.com/google-earth-pro-is-now-free-1682987518|author=Kate Knibbs|date=2015-02-02|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703041123/https://gizmodo.com/google-earth-pro-is-now-free-1682987518|archive-date=2019-07-03|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Good News Everyone! Google Earth Pro Now Free!|url=http://mapshole.com/2015/02/11/google-earth-pro-now-free/|accessdate=2015-02-22|author=Rose|date=2015-02-11|first=Robert|work=Mapshole|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726175647/http://mapshole.com/2015/02/11/google-earth-pro-now-free/|archivedate=2019-07-26|dead-url=yes}}</ref>从7.3版开始，Google地球专业版目前是Google地球桌面应用程序的标准版本。<ref>{{Cite web|title=notes on Google Earth releases|url=http://earth.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=40901|author=Google|date=2017-07-10|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005145536/http://earth.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=40901|archive-date=2011-10-05|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== Google地球增强版 ===
Google地球增强版（{{lang-en|Google Earth Plus}}），它是对Google Earth的付费版本，提供从GPS设备读取轨迹等功能，其中大多数功能已在免费的Google Earth中提供。2008年12月起Google Earth Plus停止更新。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Plus|url=http://earth.google.com/enterprise/earth_plus.html|accessdate=2017-02-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420013757/http://earth.google.com/enterprise/earth_plus.html|archivedate=2008-04-20|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
=== Google地球企业版 ===
Google地球企业版（{{lang-en|Google Earth Enterprise}}）是针对企业用户使用的版本。此版本可以使用[[拍字节|PB]]级别的私有数据创建自定义图层，并可以在未连网的情况下使用。<ref>{{cite web|title=Google Earth Enterprise – Google Earth and Maps Enterprise|url=https://www.google.com/enterprise/earthmaps/enterprise.html|accessdate=2012-11-16|author=|date=|format=|publisher=|language=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210065725/https://www.google.com/enterprise/earthmaps/enterprise.html|archivedate=2012-02-10|dead-url=no}}</ref>2017年，Google将其开源至GitHub，并添加了合成3D地形的功能。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google will soon open-source Google Earth Enterprise|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2017/01/31/google-will-soon-open-source-google-earth-enterprise/|accessdate=2020-04-11|work=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Google Earth VR ===
2016年11月16日，Google在[[威尔乌]]的[[Steam]]平台上发布了Google地球的[[虚拟现实]]版本。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth VR Bringing the Whole Wide World to Virtual Reality|url=https://www.blog.google/products/google-vr/google-earth-vr-bringing-whole-wide-world-virtual-reality/|accessdate=2018-01-03|date=2016-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013822/https://www.blog.google/products/google-vr/google-earth-vr-bringing-whole-wide-world-virtual-reality/|archive-date=2018-01-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>用户可以使用VR控制器操控Google Earth VR，以
== Google地球Outreach ==
Google地球Outreach（{{lang-en|Google Earth Outreach}}）是一项慈善计划，Google通过该计划为非营利组织提供Google地球等工具，以帮助世界各地的非营利组织和公益组织宣传他们的工作。<ref>{{Cite web|title=街景之旅：桑布鲁 – 简介 – Google 地图|url=https://www.google.co.jp/intl/zh-CN/maps/about/behind-the-scenes/streetview/treks/samburu-kenya/|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=www.google.co.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411002111/https://www.google.co.jp/intl/zh-CN/maps/about/behind-the-scenes/streetview/treks/samburu-kenya/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Outreach|url=https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/|accessdate=2020-04-10|author=|date=|format=|work=www.google.com|publisher=|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104084556/https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/index.html|archivedate=2014-01-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>Google Earth Outreach提供了Google Earth和Google Maps的在线培训，以帮助科学家解决地区或全球的问题。2008年6月，对亚马逊热带雨林中的20个土著部落（例如Suruí）进行了培训，以帮助他们保护其文化并提高他们对毁林问题的认识。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Outreach Goes to the Amazon|url=http://earth.google.com/outreach/amazon1.html|accessdate=2014-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317062823/http://earth.google.com/outreach/amazon1.html|archive-date=2012-03-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Google地球引擎 ==
[[File:Canton Google Earth Timelapse 1984–2018.webm|缩略图|1984-2018年[[广州市]]的卫星图延时视频，由Google地球引擎制作]]
Google地球引擎（{{lang-en|Google Earth Engine}}）是一个分析和可视化地理数据的[[雲端運
Google地球引擎被多次用作追踪[[森林砍伐]]的工具。该引擎的曾被用于绘制[[墨西哥]]森林的地图、以及监测[[亞馬遜
2013年，Google地球引擎添加了延时视频功能。截止至2019年，可以通过此功能制作从1984年到2018年的延时视频。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Timelapse|url=https://earthengine.google.com/timelapse/|accessdate=2020-05-09|work=earthengine.google.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508014449/https://earthengine.google.com/timelapse/|archive-date=2020-05-08|dead-url=no}}</ref>用户可以通过这个功能直观地来观察森林、城市在数十年间的变化。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth’s incredible 3D imagery, explained|url=https://blog.google/products/earth/google-earths-incredible-3d-imagery-explained/|accessdate=2020-04-09|date=2017-04-18|work=Google|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214080333/https://blog.google/products/earth/google-earths-incredible-3d-imagery-explained/|archive-date=2019-12-14|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Google Earth Studio ==
Google Earth Studio是一个基于浏览器的动画制作软件，可以模拟航拍视角，为3D城市模型录制视频。Google Earth Studio的界面类似于主流的[[非線性剪輯|非线性]][[视频编辑软件]]，具有完整的时间线和关键帧编辑功能。用户可以将镜头推远或拉近，或环绕某个物体拍摄，也可以自行设定飞行路线，将镜头从一个物体转移到另一个物体来拍摄。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Studio is an animation tool to create geographic videos|url=https://9to5google.com/2018/12/07/google-earth-studio-animation-app/|accessdate=2020-04-11|date=2018-12-07|last=Li|first=Abner|work=9to5Google|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411050342/https://9to5google.com/2018/12/07/google-earth-studio-animation-app/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=【秘技】Google Maps 8個活用小貼士 睇地圖分唔到左右AR實時景觀幫到手|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/lifestyle/20200119/WZDKNTQCSEBWOYEANN6SRICXBY/|accessdate=2020-04-11|work=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411050345/https://hk.appledaily.com/lifestyle/20200119/WZDKNTQCSEBWOYEANN6SRICXBY/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>此工具并不能导出完整视频，只能以[[PNG]]格式导出所有[[帧]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Earth Studio 初体验，10分钟创建漂亮的地球视频素材|url=https://www.appinn.com/google-earth-studio-first-experience/|accessdate=2020-04-11|date=2019-01-13|work=小众软件|language=zh-CN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411050343/https://www.appinn.com/google-earth-studio-first-experience/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 液态银河 ==
[[File:Google Earth Liquid Galaxy.jpg|缩略图|
{{Translink|en|Liquid Galaxy|4=液态银河}}（Liquid Galaxy）是Google的一个开源项目，利用[[计算机集群]]和多屏显示环绕技术，为用户提供身临其境的Google地球体验。Google将八个55英寸的LCD屏幕环绕放置，提供了全景式的体验。<ref>{{Cite web|title=A galaxy of your own|url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2010/09/galaxy-of-your-own.html|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=Google Lat Long|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411001900/https://maps.googleblog.com/2010/09/galaxy-of-your-own.html|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Liquid Galaxy|url=https://liquidgalaxy.org/|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=liquidgalaxy.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411001901/https://liquidgalaxy.org/|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 评价与争议 ==
包括国家官员在内的许多利益集团对Google地球持批评态度，他们认为Google地球会侵犯[[隐私权|隐私]]或对[[國家安全|国家安全]]构成威胁，因为在Google地球上可以浏览到军事设施，这些情报有可能会被[[恐怖分子]]利用。2006年，摩洛哥的电信公司{{Translink|en|Maroc Telecom|4=摩洛哥电信}}屏蔽了Google地球。<ref name="Morocco censorship">{{Cite web|title=Morocco censorship?|url=http://www.ogleearth.com/2006/08/morocco_censors.html|accessdate=2011-08-06|date=2006-08-24|publisher=Ogleearth.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603091720/http://www.ogleearth.com/2006/08/morocco_censors.html|archive-date=2009-06-03|dead-url=no}}</ref>由于[[美国出口管制条例|美国政府的出口限制]]，2007年，Google地球停止向[[伊朗]]<ref name="iranban">[https://productforums.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!category-topic/earth/problems-and-errors/EBYhLh_amzI "Why is Google Earth being blocked in Iran?"] {{Wayback|url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!category-topic/earth/problems-and-errors/EBYhLh_amzI |date=20200407170500 }} Google Earth Help forums June 17, 2009</ref>和[[苏丹]]<ref name="sudanban">[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article21501 "Google Earth ban in Sudan is due to US export restrictions"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article21501 |date=20200411053211 }} Sudan Tribune, April 22, 2007</ref>提供服务。
在学术领域，对Google地球的关注度日益增高。《数字地球国际期刊》上有多篇文章将Google地球与其他专业的、官方的平台相比较。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Virtual globes for UAV-based data integration: Sputnik GIS and Google Earth™ applications|last=Arza-García|first=Marcos|last2=Gil-Docampo|first2=Mariluz|date=2019-05-04|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|issue=5|doi=10.1080/17538947.2018.1470205|volume=12|pages=583–593|bibcode=2019IJDE...12..583A|issn=1753-8947|last3=Ortiz-Sanz|first3=Juan|last4=Martínez-Rodríguez|first4=Santiago}}</ref> Google地球被认为是一种“地球观测媒体”，它提高了民众对气候变化的认识，也使民众意识到人类有能力[[地理工程学|改造地球]]。 <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Google Warming|last=Gurevitch|first=Leon|journal=Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies|doi=10.1177/1354856513516266|year=2014|volume=20|pages=85–107}}</ref>在教育领域，研究发现，Google地球的交互式界面可以培养学生的空间思维能力，提高学生的兴趣，对地理教学工作有着促进作用。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Google Earth as a (Not Just) Geography Education Tool|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221340701678032|last=Patterson|first=Todd C.|date=2007-11|journal=Journal of Geography|issue=4|doi=10.1080/00221340701678032|volume=106|pages=145–152|language=en|issn=0022-1341}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Evaluating Google Earth in the classroom|author=Matthew P. Cuviello|url=https://www.westpoint.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/centers_research/center_for_teching_excellence/PDFs/mtp_project_papers/Cuviello_10.pdf|journal=Recuperado el 8|issue=|doi=|others=|year=2010|volume=|page=|pmid=|access-date=2020-05-09|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022175737/https://www.westpoint.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/centers_research/center_for_teching_excellence/PDFs/mtp_project_papers/Cuviello_10.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>《[[国家地理 (杂志)|国家地理]]》网站也与Google地球合作，推出了许多教育资源。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teaching With Google Earth|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/google-earth/|accessdate=2020-05-09|author=|date=|last=Society|first=National Geographic|format=|work=|publisher=|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508201618/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/google-earth/|archive-date=2020-05-08|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== 争议 ===
==== 国家安全问题 ====
{{Wikinews|英國情報官員擔心伊拉克武裝份子利用Google Earth的衛星地圖進行攻擊}}Google地球含有向公众公开的高清晰卫星图像，包括英国和美国在内的诸多国家的军事基地被曝光<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=10大Google Map神秘景物 神秘的51區、離奇巨型圖騰（附連結）|url=https://www.hk01.com/開罐/127914/10大google-map神秘景物-神秘的51區-離奇巨型圖騰-附連結|accessdate=2020-04-11|date=2017-11-21|last=高街花子|work=香港01|language=zh-HK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411103443/https://www.hk01.com/%E9%96%8B%E7%BD%90/127914/10%E5%A4%A7google-map%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E6%99%AF%E7%89%A9-%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E7%9A%8451%E5%8D%80-%E9%9B%A2%E5%A5%87%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%9C%96%E9%A8%B0-%E9%99%84%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=谷歌地球42神秘发现[组图]|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqzx/2010-05/18/content_9865224_10.htm|accessdate=2020-04-11|work=www.chinadaily.com.cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224060745/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqzx/2010-05/18/content_9865224_10.htm|archive-date=2019-12-24|dead-url=no}}</ref>，这对许多国家的国家安全造成了威胁。美国的许多军事设施在Google地球中被打上了[[馬賽克_(影像處理)|马赛克]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Artist Finds Government Censorship In Google Earth|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1673299/an-artist-finds-government-censorship-in-google-earth|accessdate=2020-04-20|author=Sammy Medina|date=2013-08-27|format=|work=Fast Company|publisher=|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613102743/https://www.fastcompany.com/1673299/an-artist-finds-government-censorship-in-google-earth|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[印度]]前[[印度总统|总统]][[阿卜杜尔·卡拉姆]]表示对印度敏感地区高分辨率照片的关注<ref name="IndianPresCrit2">{{cite web|title=Kalam Concerned Over Google Earth|url=http://www.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=68712&cat_id=582|accessdate=2007-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102060548/http://www.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=68712&cat_id=582|archivedate=2007-01-02|deadurl=yes}}</ref>，Google后来表示同意审查印度敏感地区。[[印度空间研究组织]]发表声明称，Google地球构成了对印度安全的威胁，并寻求与Google公司对话。<ref>{{cite web|title="Google Earth Poses Security Threat to India, ISRO Chief seeks Dialogue"|url=http://www.techshout.com/internet/2006/10/google-earth-poses-security-threat-to-india-isro-chief-seeks-dialogue/|accessdate=2007-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212190927/http://www.techshout.com/internet/2006/10/google-earth-poses-security-threat-to-india-isro-chief-seeks-dialogue/|archive-date=2017-02-12|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[韩国]]政府对该软件提供的[[总统府]]和军事设施的图像表示关注，称[[朝鲜民主主义人民共和国|朝鲜]]政府可能加以利用。<ref name="SouthKoreaGovCrit2">{{cite web|title="Google Earth images compromise secret installations in S. Korea"|url=http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/TEMP/ea_skorea_09_06.html|accessdate=2007-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701162623/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/TEMP/ea_skorea_09_06.html|archivedate=2007-07-01|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
中国政府也曾认为Google地球存在泄密问题。<ref>{{cite web|title=中国严查谷歌地球泄密 推“影像中国”反制_科技频道_新华网|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2008-05/29/content_8275436.htm|publisher=|access-date=2008-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105183439/http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2008-05/29/content_8275436.htm|archive-date=2008-11-05|dead-url=no}}</ref>Google公司对此解释称，Google地球使用的是任何公司都可以购买的商业卫星图片，而且，除非有特殊缘由，使用的图片一般为数月到数年之前的历史图片，并非非实时观测图片。<ref>
2019年2月13日，Google在[[臺北市|台北]]、[[新北市|新北]]、[[桃園市|桃园]]和[[臺中市|台中]]推出了3D城市地图。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3637321|title=Google Maps launches 3D view of Taipei today|publisher=Taiwan News|date=2019-02-13|accessdate=2019-02-25|location=Taipei|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045941/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3637321|archive-date=2019-02-26|dead-url=no}}</ref>随后发现台湾导弹基地等国防设施被3D城市地图曝光。[[中華民國國防部]]部长[[嚴德發|颜德发]]15日表示，已組织一專案小組，与Google方面协调處理。<ref>{{Cite web|title=3D谷歌地图 曝光台湾爱国者飞弹基地|url=https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20190215-932118|accessdate=2020-04-10|date=2019-02-15|work=早报|language=zh-Hans|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411014622/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20190215-932118|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=谷歌3D地图曝光台湾军事基地 弹种型号都可辨认|url=https://mil.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKi6iz|accessdate=2020-04-10|work=mil.huanqiu.com|archive-date=2022-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307192020/https://mil.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKi6iz|dead-url=no}}</ref>2月23日，Google确认将从台湾删除其所有3D图像。 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/ast/201902230019.aspx|title=3D images of Taiwan to be pulled from Google Maps|publisher=Focus Taiwan|date=2019-02-23|accessdate=2019-02-25|location=Taipei|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225074319/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/ast/201902230019.aspx|archive-date=2019-02-25|dead-url=no}}</ref>但后面又恢复了3D图像。
恐怖分子也曾借助Google地球实施恐怖活动。[[2008年孟买连环恐怖袭击]]事件参与攻击的唯一一名幸存枪手承认，他们在事件前曾使用Google地球了解被攻击建筑物附近的情况。<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mumbai attacks: Indian suit against Google Earth over image use by terrorists|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/3691723/Mumbai-attacks-Indian-suit-against-Google-Earth-over-image-use-by-terrorists.html|date=2008-12-09|accessdate=2020-04-14|issn=0307-1235|language=en-GB|first=Rahul|last=Bedi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211122758/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/3691723/Mumbai-attacks-Indian-suit-against-Google-Earth-over-image-use-by-terrorists.html|archive-date=2009-02-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
====软件问题====
2009年，安裝Google地球的新版本時，會自動下載Google提供的[[Google Updater|軟件升級程序]]。如果后台没有运行此更新程序，Google地球将无法运行。《[[连线]]》杂志认为，未经用户同意的自动更新会给用户的计算机安全带来风险，而且使用付费网络自动下载更新会带来不必要的流量消耗。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Why Google's Software Update Tool Is Evil|author=Scott Gilbertson|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/02/why-googles-sof/|date=2009-02-13|journal=Wired|issue=|doi=|others=|year=|volume=|page=|issn=1059-1028|pmid=|access-date=2020-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812180550/https://www.wired.com/2009/02/why-googles-sof/|archive-date=2019-08-12|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Google地球使用的[[演算法]]將眾多衛星圖片以計算拼接方式形成大圖，有時造成影像錯位和扭曲效果。如2019年7月初，網上有傳聞通过Google衛星圖指出[[三峽大壩]]發生變形並有可能潰壩。其後三峽集團澄清，表示大壩運行正常，指出Google衛星圖並非由衛星直接拍攝，而是基於一系列演算法處理形成，因此在顯示某些場景時會出現偏差。<ref>{{Cite web|title=三峽大壩變形？ 三峽集團：運行正常 Google衛星圖有偏差|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/347769/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9%E8%AE%8A%E5%BD%A2-%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98-%E9%81%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8-google%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%96%E6%9C%89%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE|accessdate=2019-07-05|author=彭琤琳|date=2019-07-03|publisher=香港01有限公司|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705130124/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/347769/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9%E8%AE%8A%E5%BD%A2-%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98-%E9%81%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8-google%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%96%E6%9C%89%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE|archive-date=2019-07-05|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=參照標題（必填）網傳三峽大壩變形將潰堤 中國航太發衛星照片澄清|url=https://udn.com/news/story/7331/3911128|accessdate=2019-07-05|author=李仲維|date=2019-07-05|publisher=聯合報|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705045108/https://udn.com/news/story/7331/3911128|archive-date=2019-07-05|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==== 其他問題 ====
Google地球的地标有时被部分网友用作政治工具，例如有来自[[中国大陆]]的網友在台灣[[玉山]]山頂插上[[中華人民共和國國旗|五星紅旗]]。<ref>{{cite web|title=玉山頂插五星旗？Google地球遭惡搞|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/241147|accessdate=|author=|date=2008-09-08|format=|publisher=|language=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420150239/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/241147|archivedate=2016-04-20
也有人认为Google地球会导致[[種族歧視|种族歧视]]。在2009年，Google增加了18世纪和19世纪日本旧木刻版地图的图层。这些地图标出了[[部落民]]居住的地区，这些部落民曾饱受种姓歧视。今天，他们的后裔仍然面临歧视，许多日本人担心Google地球的标注会使得这个地区遭受种姓歧视者的攻击。<ref>{{Cite news|author=|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6337499.ece|title=Google Earth maps out discrimination against burakumin caste in Japan|publisher=Timesonline.co.uk|date=2009-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927080209/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6337499.ece|archivedate=2009-09-27|accessdate=2018-01-10|dead-url=no}}</ref>
由于Google地球收集了大量高清卫星及街景图片，引发了民众对隐私问题的担忧。美国部分公民对Google提出了集体诉讼。<ref>{{Cite web|title=传谷歌将了结街景隐私问题诉讼 或赔偿1300万美元 - Google Maps 地图 / Earth|url=http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/tech/870161.htm|accessdate=2020-04-11|last=cnBeta|work=cnBeta.COM|language=zh-CN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411014344/https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/tech/870161.htm|archive-date=2020-04-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>为保护隐私，Google街景中的人脸和车牌都进行了模糊处理。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google now zaps faces, license plates on Map Street View|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-now-zaps-faces-license-plates-on-map-street-view/|accessdate=2020-05-09|last=Mills|first=Elinor|work=CNET|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104022952/http://www.cnet.com/news/google-now-zaps-faces-license-plates-on-map-street-view/|archive-date=2016-01-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>此外，Google地球的原开发公司Keyhole曾与[[美國國家地理空間情報局|国家地理空间情报局]]展开过合作，[[美国中央情报局]]也曾为Keyhole提供过大量的资金。在Google收购Keyhole以后，Google也与美国情报与国家安全部门展开过大量的合作。<ref name=":8" />
网友们也在Google地球发现了很多奇怪的地点，如伊拉克血湖、美国[[亚利桑那州]][[戴维斯-蒙森空军基地#飞机墓地|飞机坟场]]和地面上的一些大型神秘图案。这些发现大多数为军事基地或艺术家的艺术作品。<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />2006年，一位用户在中国偏远地区发现了一个大型沙盘模型。该模型是[[喀喇昆仑山脉|喀喇昆仑]]山脉的缩小1/500后版本。<ref name="SMHChinaModel">{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/web/chinese-xfile-excites-spotters/2006/07/20/1153166503699.html|title=Chinese X-file excites spotters|accessdate=2007-01-25|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2006-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127231705/http://www.smh.com.au/news/web/chinese-xfile-excites-spotters/2006/07/20/1153166503699.html|archive-date=2007-01-27|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="IndianExpressChinaModel">{{Cite web|title=From sky, see how China builds model of Indian border 2400 km away|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/9972.html|accessdate=2007-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123084226/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/9972.html|archivedate=2007-01-23|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 参见 ==
第283行 ⟶ 第317行：
== 外部連結 ==
* [https://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN_ALL/earth/about/ Google地球官网]{{Wayback|url=https://www.google.com/earth/ |date=20180301041653 }}
*[https://earth.google.com/web/ Google地球网页版]{{Wayback|url=https://earth.google.com/web/ |date=20210203145955 }}
*[https://www.google.com/earth/studio/ Google Earth Studio]{{Wayback|url=https://www.google.com/earth/studio/ |date=20210125213200 }}
*[https://earthengine.google.com/ Google Earth Engine]{{Wayback|url=https://earthengine.google.com/ |date=20210125213226 }}
*[https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/ Google Earth Outreach]{{Wayback|url=https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/ |date=20140104084556 }}
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[[Category:使用Qt的軟體]]
[[Category:2001年软件]]
[[Category:2004年併購]]
{{Good article}}
[[Category:被防火長城封鎖的網站]]
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