2019冠狀病毒病美國疫情:修订间差异

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[[File:Timeline of weekly confirmed COVID-19 deaths in the United States.svg|thumb|335px|每周COVID-19病例死亡人数]]
'''[[2019冠状病毒病疫情]]'''-{zh-hans:爆发;zh-hant:爆發}-后,2020年1月21日,'''[[美国]]'''宣布出现第一例[[2019冠状病毒病]]。3月10日確診個案破千,自3月17日開始全美50個州均有確診個案。3月19日確診個案過萬,[[美国疾病控制与预防中心]](CDC)每周一至周五中午更新截至昨天晚4点的官方统计数据。隨後3月27日當天超越中國與義大利公开的数字,成為疫情最嚴重的國家<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-in-us.html |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the U.S. |access-date=2020-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222072600/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-in-us.html |archive-date=2020-02-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=美国新冠病毒感染超82000例已成全球最多|publisher=光明网|url=https://m.gmw.cn/toutiao/2020-03/27/content_123291486.htm|accessdate=2020-03-27|author=|date=|format=|language=|archive-date=2021-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922032057/https://m.gmw.cn/toutiao/2020-03/27/content_123291486.htm}}</ref>。4月27日,美國境內確診病例達到100萬,死亡人数达到5.5萬人。所有海外領地均有確診個案。5月底,死亡人數已逼近10萬,《[[纽约时报|紐時]]》以逝世者為題製作了頭版頭條報導「{{le|美國死亡人數近10萬,損失無以計數|U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss}}」<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/24/us/us-coronavirus-deaths-100000.html|title=U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss|date=2020-05-24|publisher=[[纽约时报]]|accessdate=2021-01-18|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124153752/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/24/us/us-coronavirus-deaths-100000.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2021年2月21日,美國境內確診病例逼近2900万,死亡人数突破50万<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-reaches-500-000-deaths-coronavirus-n1257992|title=U.S. reaches 500,000 deaths from the coronavirus|date=2021-02-21|publisher=[[全国广播公司|NBC]]|accessdate=2021-02-24|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405042038/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-reaches-500-000-deaths-coronavirus-n1257992|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2022年1月,[[嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型Omicron變異株|Omicron變種病毒]]出现后,美国住院人数和病例数创历史新高,单日报告的新感染人数达150万。<ref>{{cite web|last=Rattner|first=Nate|date=2022-01-11|title=U.S. sets fresh records for Covid hospitalizations and cases with 1.5 million new infections|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/11/omicron-variant-us-sets-fresh-records-for-covid-hospitalizations-and-cases-with-1point5-million-new-infections.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=CNBC|archive-date=2022-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112043033/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/11/omicron-variant-us-sets-fresh-records-for-covid-hospitalizations-and-cases-with-1point5-million-new-infections.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[2019冠状病毒病]]成为近年来继[[心脏病]]和[[癌症]]之后美国民众的第三大死因<ref>{{Cite web |title=新冠连续两年位列美国人第三大死因-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/world/2022-04/24/c_1128591872.htm |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=www.news.cn |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206135302/http://www.news.cn/world/2022-04/24/c_1128591872.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
 
美国包括疾病控制与预防中心在内的公共卫生部门正敦促各级地方政府、企业和学校制定计划<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-26|access-date=2020-02-27|title=Health authorities expect COVID-19 community spread on US soil|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/covid-19-authorities-expect-community-spread-us-soil-12470978|archive-date=2021-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501025234/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/covid-19-authorities-expect-community-spread-us-soil-12470978}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web| url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/guidance-business-response.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fsummer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fguidance-business-response.html| title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)| date=2020-02-11| access-date=2020-03-01| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301220133/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/guidance-business-response.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fsummer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fguidance-business-response.html| archive-date=2020-03-01| dead-url=no}}</ref>。为避免疾病进一步传播,疾病控制与预防中心建议民众经常用肥皂[[洗手]],并冲洗至少30秒,或使用酒精含量不低于60%的洗手液清洗,避免用手接触眼、鼻和嘴部,打喷嚏和咳嗽时遮住口鼻,生病后在家休息,避免与生病患者近距离接触,对经常触碰的物品进行消毒和清洁。<ref name="CDC COVID-19 Prevention">{{cite web |last1=CDC |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention & Treatment |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html |website=CDC |accessdate=2020-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html |archive-date=2020-02-26 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
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|{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Oregon|2019冠状病毒病俄勒冈州疫情|俄勒冈州}}||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Ohio|2019冠状病毒病俄亥俄州疫情|俄亥俄州}}||[[2019冠状病毒病田纳西州疫情|田纳西州]]||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Pennsylvania|2019冠状病毒病宾夕法尼亚州疫情|宾夕法尼亚州}}
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|{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Utah|2019冠状病毒病犹他州疫情|犹他州}}||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Oklahoma|2019冠状病毒病克拉马州疫情|克拉马州}}||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Texas|2019冠状病毒病德克萨斯州疫情|德克萨斯州}}||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Rhode Island|2019冠状病毒病罗德岛州疫情|罗德岛州}}
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|[[2019冠状病毒病华盛顿州疫情|华盛顿州]]||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in South Dakota|2019冠状病毒病南达科他州疫情|南达科他州}}||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Virginia|2019冠状病毒病弗吉尼亚州疫情|弗吉尼亚州}}||{{tsl|en|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Vermont|2019冠状病毒病佛蒙特州疫情|佛蒙特州}}
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=== 美國疫情死亡人數與戰爭比較 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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! 美國死亡人數 !! 事件 !! 年份 !! 備註
 
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| 1,121,089<ref name="CDC_case_numbers">{{cite news|title=Cases in U.S.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html|accessdate=2020-04-23|agency=[[美国疾病控制与预防中心]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302155159/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html|archive-date=2020-03-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>|| [[2019冠状病毒病疫情]] || 2020年1月21日— 清零|| [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|2020年]]3.36億人口
 
|-
| 約675,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=1918 Pandemic|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html|publisher=[[美国疾病控制与预防中心]]|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2020-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327152154/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html}}</ref>|| [[1918年流感大流行#全球|1918年流感大流行]]|| 1918年—1920年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|1920年]]1.06億人口
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| 618,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html|date=2012-04-02|publisher=[[纽约时报]]|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224091203/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html}}</ref>|| [[南北战争]]|| 1861年—1865年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|1860年]]3,140萬人口:<ref>[https://www.ebaomonthly.com/ebao/readebao.php?a=20050715 南北戰爭的戰場─Gettysburg] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ebaomonthly.com/ebao/readebao.php?a=20050715 |date=20220412105255 }}翼報,2015年7月</ref><br>北方人口2,200萬人,<br>南方人口900多萬人;
约35万死于传染病<ref name=":3" />
|-
| 405,000<ref name=":1" />|| [[第二次世界大战各国伤亡统计#美國|第二次世界大战]] || 1939年—1945年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|1940年]]1.32億人口
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|116,516<ref>{{Cite web|title=America’s Wars|url=https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf|date=2021-05|publisher=[[美国退伍军人事务部]]|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2017-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720082158/https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf}}</ref>
| [[第一次世界大战各国伤亡统计|第一次世界大战]] || 1914年—1918年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|1910年]]9,200萬人口
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| 58,000<ref name=":1" />|| [[越南战争#伤亡统计|越南战争]]|| 1955年—1975年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|1950年]]1.51億人口—<br>1970年2.03億人口
|-
| 约51,646<ref>{{Cite web|title=Final estimated flu disease burden, by age group — United States, 2017-2018 flu season|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/2017-2018.htm|publisher=[[美国疾病控制与预防中心]]|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201062442/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/2017-2018.htm}}</ref>|| [[2017-2018年美國流感季]]|| 2017年—2018年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|2010年]]3.09億人口
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| 36,000<ref name=":1" />|| [[朝鲜战争#伤亡情况|朝鲜战争]] || 1950年—1953年 || [[美国人口史#历史人口与未来人口估算|1950年]]1.51億人口
|-
|}
2021年1月20日,自美國發現首宗感染個案的一年之內,美國死於2019冠狀病毒病的人數比美國死於二戰期間的士兵還要多,死亡速度也遠高於二戰時士兵的死亡速度<ref>{{cite news |author1=George Petras |author2=Mitchell Thorson |author3=Jorge L. Ortiz |title=Americans dying faster of COVID-19 than our soldiers did in WWII |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/2021/01/19/covid-19-deaths-americans-dying-faster-than-our-soldiers-did-wwii/6602717002/ |accessdate=2021-10-02 |work=[[今日美國]] |date=2021-01-20 |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129113730/https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/2021/01/19/covid-19-deaths-americans-dying-faster-than-our-soldiers-did-wwii/6602717002/ }}</ref>。2021年8月14日,美國死於2019冠狀病毒病的人數突破62萬人,超過了美國內戰時死亡人數<ref name=":3">{{cite news |author1=RACHEL LANCE |title=U.S. COVID-19 Deaths Top Civil War's Toll |url=https://time.com/6089052/covid-deaths-civil-war/ |accessdate=2021-10-02 |work=[[時代雜誌]] |date=2021-08-14 |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309043807/https://time.com/6089052/covid-deaths-civil-war/ }}</ref>。
 
=== 族裔与死亡率 ===
2020年12月醫學網站MedRxiv發佈了關於3月1日至5月31日期間,紐約市的公立醫院新冠病例的研究報告,其中華裔則在死亡率上遠高於其他族裔,高達35.7%,是白色人種死亡率的1.5倍<ref>{{cite news |author1=金春香 |title=華裔新冠死亡率高達35%!紐約疫情分析出爐 亞洲人受影響最大 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20201226/1885109.htm |accessdate=2021-05-03 |work=[[ETtoday新聞雲]] |date=2020-12-24 |language=zh-Hant |archive-date=2021-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505175211/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20201226/1885109.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。亚裔美国人健康研究中心5月11日公佈的研究顯示,加州亞裔感染新冠死亡比例高於其人口比例,加州亞裔佔人口的15%以上,佔所有感染個案的11.4%,但佔所有死亡個案的16.7%。其中[[舊金山]]死亡個案亞裔占據53%。此外,有八個州同樣出現死亡個案比例高於人口比例的情況<ref>{{cite journal |author1=SUNITA SOHRABJI |title=Asian Americans Have Disproportionately High Mortality Rate From Covid-19 In California |journal=Asian Journal News |date=2020-05-16 |url=https://www.asianjournal.com/usa/dateline-usa/asian-americans-have-disproportionately-high-mortality-rate-from-covid-19-in-california/ |accessdate=2021-05-03 |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505095051/https://www.asianjournal.com/usa/dateline-usa/asian-americans-have-disproportionately-high-mortality-rate-from-covid-19-in-california/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。10月舊金山亞裔死亡比例下降到38%,仍然高於當地人口比例<ref>{{cite news |author1=叶凡 |title=加州亚裔新冠死亡率高 背后有哪些原因? |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/5633914.html |accessdate=2021-05-03 |work=[[美国之音]] |date=2020-10-24 |language=zh}}</ref>。
 
《[[纽约时报]]》指出,[[非裔美国人|非裔]]的死亡率比[[美國白人|白人]]高出约2倍,[[拉丁裔美国人|拉丁裔]]的死亡率比白人高出2.3倍,[[美國原住民|原住民]]的死亡率比白人高出2.4倍<ref>{{Cite web|title=Entering uncharted territory, the U.S. counts 500,000 Covid-related deaths.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/22/us/us-covid-deaths-half-a-million.html|date=2021-02-22发布,2021-10-01更新|publisher=[[纽约时报]]|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309043814/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/22/us/us-covid-deaths-half-a-million.html}}</ref>。根据[[美联社]]2021年6月提供的数据,各族裔逝者占所有逝者的比例为:非裔15%、拉丁裔19%、白人61%、亚裔4%。<ref>{{Cite web|title=As US COVID-19 death toll nears 600,000, racial gaps persist|url=https://apnews.com/article/baltimore-california-coronavirus-pandemic-race-and-ethnicity-health-341950a902affc651dc268dba6d83264|date=2021-06-14|publisher=[[美联社]]|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2022-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326182742/https://apnews.com/article/baltimore-california-coronavirus-pandemic-race-and-ethnicity-health-341950a902affc651dc268dba6d83264}}</ref>
 
== 相关争议 ==