萨哈罗夫奖:修订间差异

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第2行:
{{distinguish2|美国物理学会的[[安德烈·萨哈洛夫奖]]}}
{{Infobox award
| name = 薩哈羅夫獎
| image = 1991 CPA 6322 crop.jpg
| imagesize = 150px
| alt =
| caption = 安德烈·薩哈羅夫的肖像,蘇聯郵票。
| presenter = {{flagicon|EU}} [[歐洲議會]]
| date = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location = [[史特拉斯堡]]
| country = {{FRA}}
| reward = 5萬[[歐元]]
| year = 1988年
| year2 = 20202023
| holder = [[玛莎·阿米尼之死|玛莎·阿米尼]]、[[女性、生命、自由|女性、生命、自由運動]]
| holder = [[2020年白俄羅斯示威|白俄罗斯反对派]]
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20141226183328/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/sakharov-prize-.html 官方网站]
}}
{{各地中文名
第21行:
| name = 萨哈罗夫奖
| t = 1
| cn = 萨哈罗夫思想自由奖
| tw = 沙卡洛夫思想自由獎
| hk = 沙哈諾夫思想自由獎
}}
[[File:Sakharov Prize 2009.jpg|thumb|2009年頒獎典禮,於議會的史特拉斯堡半圓形會議室]]
[[File:Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_à_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-21.jpg|thumb|為[[昂山素姬]]補發1990年獎項的頒獎典禮]]
[[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|right|thumb|[[納爾遜·曼德拉]]是薩哈羅夫獎的首位得主,和{{tsl|en|Anatoly Marchenko|安納托利·馬尔庆科}}共享。]]
'''薩哈羅夫思想自由獎'''({{lang-en|Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought}},简称'''萨哈罗夫奖'''),得[[俄羅斯]]著名物理學家、異議人士及1975年[[諾貝爾和平獎]]得主[[安德烈·德米特里耶维奇·萨哈罗夫|安德烈·薩哈羅夫]],1988年12月由[[歐洲議會]]設立,表揚奉獻己力捍衛[[人權]]及[[思想自由]]的個人和組織<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/23/newsid_2540000/2540121.stm | title = 1986: Sakharov comes in from the cold | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = 2010-10-21 | archive-date = 2010-12-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101226190108/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/23/newsid_2540000/2540121.stm | dead-url = no }}</ref>。歐盟外交事務委員會和發展委員會擬訂入圍名單後,十月宣布得主<ref name=official/>。自2010年起,得主可獲得5萬[[歐元]]的獎金<ref name=official>{{Cite web | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharov/default_en.htm | title = Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Speech | publisher = [[歐洲議會|European Parliament]] | accessdate = 2010-10-23 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090728185955/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharov/default_en.htm | archivedate = 2009-07-28 }}</ref>。
 
薩哈羅夫獎於每年約12月10日頒發,這天正是聯合國大會於1948年宣佈《[[世界人權宣言]]》正式生效的日子,也是慶祝因此而訂立的[[國際人權日]]之時。萨哈罗夫奖也被认为是捍卫人权领域中最具有荣誉的一项奖励。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/human-rights/russia-human-rights-20091217-79525382.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2009-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220024037/http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/human-rights/russia-human-rights-20091217-79525382.html |archive-date=2009-12-20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
第42行:
| rowspan=2| 1988年
| {{sortname|納爾遜|曼德拉}}[[File:Nobel prize medal.svg|18px|諾貝爾獎]]
| {{SAFZAF-1961}}
| 反[[南非種族隔離|種族隔離]]運動家,後為[[南非總統]]
| rowspan=2| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| {{tsl|en|Anatoly Marchenko|安納托利·馬尔庆科}}(追授)
| {{USSR}}
| 蘇聯異己人士、作家及人權運動家
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1989年
| {{sortname|亞歷山大|杜布切克}}
| {{CSK}}
| 斯洛伐克政治家,曾在[[布拉格之春]]期間試圖改革共產政權
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1990年
| {{sort|Aung San Suu Kyi|[[翁山蘇姬]]}}[[File:Nobel prize medal.svg|18px|諾貝爾獎]]
| {{MYAMMR-1988}}
| 在野黨政治家、前緬甸全國民主聯盟秘書長
| <ref name=rwb/>
第65行 ⟶ 第64行:
| 1991年
| {{tsl|en|Adem Demaçi|亞當·德馬希}}
| {{flag|KosovoYUG}}
| 政治家、長年政治犯
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
第77行 ⟶ 第76行:
| 1993年
| 《{{tsl|en|Oslobođenje|解放報 (波士尼亞)|解放報}}》
| {{Flag|BIH|1992|name=波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納}}
| {{BIH}}
| 大眾報章媒體,[[波士尼亞戰爭]]期間,位在[[塞拉耶佛]]的辦公大樓被毀後仍持續出版
| <ref name=rwb/>
第107行 ⟶ 第106行:
| 1998年
| {{sortname|易卜拉欣|魯戈瓦}}
| {{flag|KosovoFR Yugoslavia}}
| 阿爾巴尼亞裔政治家、科索沃首任總統
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
第124行 ⟶ 第123行:
|-
| rowspan=3| 2001年
| {{tsl|en|Nurit Peled-Elhanan|努特·皮勒佩莱德-卡沙威埃勒汉南}}
| {{ISR}}
| 和平運動家
| rowspan=3| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| {{tsl|en|Izzat Ghazzawi|艾薩特·加薩維}}
| {{PLE}}
| 作家,多次被以色列政府以「政治活動」為由逮捕
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| {{tsl|en|Dom Zacarias Kamwenho|唐·薩卡利亞斯·康文和}}
| {{ANG}}
| 大主教、和平運動者
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 2002年
第164行 ⟶ 第161行:
| {{CUB}}
| 反對黨運動,由入獄異己人士的親屬組成
| rowspan=3| <ref name=twothousandandfive>{{Cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4527018.stm | title = Cuba 'bars women from prize trip' | first = Stephen | last = Gibbs | date = 2005-12-14 | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = 2010-10-21 | archive-date = 2006-11-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061117095402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4527018.stm | dead-url = no }}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|Reporters Without Borders|[[無國界記者]]}}
| —
| 無政府組織,旨在擁護新聞自由;總部位在法國
| <ref name=twothousandandfive/>
|-
| {{sortname|豪瓦|易卜拉欣}}
| {{NIGNGA}}
| 人權律師
| <ref name=twothousandandfive/>
|-
| 2006年
| {{tsl|en|Alaksandar Milinkievič|亞歷山大·米林科爾維奇}}
| {{BLR}}
| 政治家,2006年總統選舉由[[白俄羅斯聯合民主力量]]提名為反對黨聯合候選人
第195行 ⟶ 第190行:
|-
| 2009年
| [[纪念 (非营利性组织)|紀念]][[File:Nobel prize medal.svg|18px|諾貝爾獎]]
| {{RUS}}
| 國際公民權利和歷史團體
第210行 ⟶ 第205行:
| {{EGY}}
| rowspan=5| 五位来自阿拉伯国家的争取自由和人权的代表
| rowspan=5| <ref name=recent>{{Cite web| url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/en/headlines/content/20111014FCS29297/1/html/Three-finalists-for-Sakharov-Prize-2011-honouring-human-rights-activists| title = Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought 2011| accessdate = 2011-10-27| publisher = [[European Parliament]]| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111023223729/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/en/headlines/content/20111014FCS29297/1/html/Three-finalists-for-Sakharov-Prize-2011-honouring-human-rights-activists| archivedate = 23 十月 2011-10-23}}</ref>
|-
| [[阿买得·撒努西]]
| {{Flag|LBY|1977}}
|-
| [[拉赞·扎伊多纳]]
| rowspan="2" | {{SYR}}
|-
| [[阿里·法扎特]]
| {{SYR}}
|-
| [[穆罕默德·布瓦吉吉]](追授)
第237行 ⟶ 第231行:
| {{PAK}}
| 女權運動家
| <ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20131009IPR21810/html/Malala-Yousafzai-winner-of-the-Sakharov-Prize-2013 |title=Malala Yousafzai - winner of the Sakharov Prize 2013] |access-date=2013-12-10 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924195224/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20131009IPR21810/html/Malala-Yousafzai-winner-of-the-Sakharov-Prize-2013 }}</ref>
|-
| 2014年
第266行 ⟶ 第260行:
|-
|2018年
|[[奥列格·森索先佐夫]]
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| 电影导演,是在俄罗斯和世界各地举行的释放政治犯的斗争的象征
|<ref>{{Cite news|title = Sakharov Prize 2018 goes to Oleg Sentsov |url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/eu-affairs/20181018STO16585/sakharov-prize-2018-goes-to-oleg-sentsov|work = [[European Parliament]]|accessdate = 25 October 2018-10-25|archivedate = 25 October 20182021-03-04|dfarchive-url = dmyhttps://web.archive.org/web/20210304224842/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/eu-allaffairs/20181018STO16585/sakharov-prize-2018-goes-to-oleg-sentsov}}</ref>
|-
| 2019年
| [[伊力哈木·土赫提]]
| {{flag|ChinaPRC}}
| 中国维吾尔族政治犯
|<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.voachinese.com/a/EU-Uyghur-award-20191024/5137474.html | title = 被监禁的维族学者土赫提获欧洲议会人权大奖 | publisher = 美国之音中文网 | date = 2019-10-24 | accessdate = 2019-10-24 | archive-date = 2019-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191024131951/https://www.voachinese.com/a/EU-Uyghur-award-20191024/5137474.html }}</ref>
|-
|2020年
|[[斯维特兰娜·格奥尔基耶娃·季哈诺夫斯卡娅]]
|[[2020年白俄羅斯示威|白俄罗斯反对派]]
|{{BLR}}
|[[协调委员会 (白俄罗斯)|白俄罗斯协调委员会]]领导者
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=领沙卡洛夫奖 白俄反对派领袖坚信反抗暴政必胜 – 法国国际广播电台 - RFI|url=https://www.rfi.fr/cn/领沙卡洛夫奖-白俄反对派领袖坚信反抗暴政必胜|accessdate=2020-12-16|date=2020-12-16|work=RFI - 法国国际广播电台|language=zh-Hans}}</ref>
|-
|2021年
|[[阿列克谢·阿纳托利耶维奇·纳瓦利内]]
| {{BIHRUS}}
|反對派政治家和反腐敗活動家
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/priorities/sakharov-2021/20211014IPR14915/alexei-navalny-awarded-the-european-parliament-s-2021-sakharov-prize|title=Alexei Navalny awarded the European Parliament's 2021 Sakharov Prize|website=europarl.europa.eu|date=20 October 2021|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=21 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021091245/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/priorities/sakharov-2021/20211014IPR14915/alexei-navalny-awarded-the-european-parliament-s-2021-sakharov-prize|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022年
|乌克兰人民
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| 在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭|俄羅斯入侵]]之下「保護民主、自由與[[法治]]的乌克兰人民<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-19 |title=Ukrainian people win European parliament's Sakharov prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/19/ukrainian-people-win-european-parliaments-sakharov-prize |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=the Guardian |archive-date=2022-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031115622/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/19/ukrainian-people-win-european-parliaments-sakharov-prize |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221017IPR43706/the-ukrainian-people-awarded-the-european-parliament-s-2022-sakharov-prize|title=The Ukrainian people awarded the European Parliament's 2022 Sakharov Prize|website=europarl.europa.eu|date=19 October 2022|access-date=19 October 2022|archive-date=2022-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208062759/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221017IPR43706/the-ukrainian-people-awarded-the-european-parliament-s-2022-sakharov-prize|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
|2023年
|[[玛莎·阿米尼之死|玛莎·阿米尼]](追授)<br/>[[女性、生命、自由|女性、生命、自由運動]]
|{{flag|Iran}}
| [[玛莎·阿米尼之死]]引發時常使用「[[女性、生命、自由]]」為口號的[[阿米尼示威|大規模示威]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="2023 press release">{{cite web |title=Jina Mahsa Amini and Iranian women protest movement win the 2023 Sakharov Prize {{!}} News {{!}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231013IPR07134/jina-mahsa-amini-and-iranian-women-protest-movement-win-the-2023-sakharov-prize |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |access-date=19 October 2023 |language=en |date=19 October 2023 |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019120259/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231013IPR07134/jina-mahsa-amini-and-iranian-women-protest-movement-win-the-2023-sakharov-prize |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024年
|[[玛丽亚·科里纳·马查多|瑪麗亞·科里納·馬查多]]
| rowspan="2" |{{VEN}}
| rowspan="2" |反對派政客
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|[[埃德蒙多·冈萨雷斯·乌鲁蒂亚|埃德蒙多·龔薩雷茲·烏魯蒂亞]]
|}
 
第288行 ⟶ 第308行:
 
== 外部連結 ==
* [httphttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliamentsakharovprize/public/staticDisplay.do?language=en&id=42 薩哈羅夫獎官方網站]
* {{Cite web |url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+IM-PRESS+20081126FCS43055+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN |title = 薩哈羅夫獎20年紀念:獎勵勇氣、自我犧牲 |date = 2008年12月1日 |accessdate = 2010-10-22 |publisher = [[歐洲議會]] |archive-date = 2017-11-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022036/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT+IM-PRESS+20081126FCS43055+0+DOC+XML+V0%2F%2FEN |dead-url = no }}
 
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{{薩哈羅夫獎獲得者}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:萨哈罗夫奖获得者| ]]
[[Category:人权奖项]]
[[Category:言論自由]]
[[Category:歐洲議會]]
[[Category:和平獎]]
[[Category:以人名命名的奖项]]
[[Category:1988年建立的奖项]]