旅行者腹瀉：修订间差异

'''旅行者腹瀉'''（{{lang|en|traveler's diarrhea，簡稱TD}}）是一種腸胃道感染疾病。旅行者[[腹瀉]]的定義是指在旅途之中，持續排出未成形[[糞便]]的狀態<ref name=Gid2016>{{cite journal|last1=Giddings|first1=SL|last2=Stevens|first2=AM|last3=Leung|first3=DT|title=Traveler's Diarrhea |journal= The Medical clinics of North America|date=March 2016| volume= 100| issue= 2| pages= 317–30 |pmid= 26900116| doi= 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.08.017}}</ref><ref name=AFP2015/><ref name=AFP2015>{{cite journal| last1= Leder| first1= K|title=Advising travellers about management of travellers' diarrhoea.|journal=Australian family physician |date= 2015| volume=44 |issue= 1–2|pages=34–37|pmid=25688957|url=http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/januaryfebruary/advising-travellers-about-management-of-travellers%E2%80%99-diarrhoea/}}</ref>。常常伴隨著腹部痙攣性的疼痛、噁心、發燒、脹氣<ref name=AFP2015/>。偶而伴隨著[[痢疾|血痢]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Feldman|first1=Mark|title=Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management| date= 2015| publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences| isbn= 9781455749898| page= 1924| edition= 10th| url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=4CMJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1924}}</ref>。大多數的旅行者在毋需任何治療下，四天內可痊癒。大約只有10%左右的人症狀持續一周<ref name=AFP2015/>。

超過半數以上的旅行者腹瀉均是由[[細菌]]引起<ref name=AFP2015/>。{{tsl|en|Enterotoxigenic_Escherichia_coli|致病性大腸桿菌|致病性大腸桿菌(ETEC)}}|（ETEC）是最常見的病原，但在[[東南亞]]是以{{tsl|en|Campylobacter|曲狀桿菌|曲狀桿菌}}為主<ref name=Gid2016/><ref name=AFP2015/>。有百分之十到百分之二十的案例是因為[[諾羅病毒]]。像[[鞭毛蟲]]一樣的[[原生動物]]會導致較長的病程<ref name=AFP2015/>。旅行者腹瀉主要會在旅行開始的前兩周、主要影響年輕人。且來自[[已開發國家]]的患者較多<ref name=Gid2016/>。

[[发展中国家]]<ref name=AFP2015/>的旅客受旅行者腹瀉的影響比例約為20-50% ；在前往亞洲（日本除外）、中東、非洲、墨西哥與中南美洲等國度的旅者中常見<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea|date=April 26, 2013|title=Travelers' Diarrhea|work=cdc.gov}}</ref>。旅行者腹瀉與後來的 [[大腸激躁症]] 和 [[格林－巴利综合征]]有關。<ref name=Gid2016/><ref name=AFP2015/>旅行者腹瀉在英文世界的通俗名稱很多，例如「[[蒙特祖馬二世|蒙特祖馬]]的復仇」（{{lang|en|Montezuma's revenge}}）」和「[[德里]]肚」（{{lang|en|Delhi belly}}）」<ref name="webm_Trav">{{cite web | title = Traveler's Diarrhea-Topic Overview | work = WebMD | date = 2013-03-27 | accessdate = 2015-07-02 | url = http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/travelers-diarrhea-topic-overview | quote = Traveler's diarrhea is sometimes called by its more colorful names: Montezuma's revenge, Delhi belly, and Turkey trots. }}</ref>。