隔离但平等:修订间差异

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=== 沃伦法院 ===
1953年,[[厄尔·沃伦]]成为第14任[[美国首席大法官]],其领导下的美国最高法院([[沃伦法院]])掀起了美国历史上一场划时代的[[自由主义]][[宪政]]革命(Constitutional Revolution),通过一系列里程碑式的判决,终结了美国的种族隔离制度以及“隔离但平等”原则。<ref>E.g., Virginia [[Racial Integrity Act]], Virginia Code § 20–58 and § 20–59</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Court's Decision - Separate Is Not Equal|url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/5-decision/courts-decision.html|website=americanhistory.si.edu|access-date=2019-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820181923/https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/5-decision/courts-decision.html|archive-date=2019-08-20|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Warren Court: Completion of a Constitutional Revolution|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/73968804.pdf|date=|last=|first=|website=William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003223936/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/73968804.pdf|archive-date=2019-10-03|access-date=|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483|date=|last=|first=|language=en|website=Oyez|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905074149/https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483|archive-date=2019-09-05|access-date=2019-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1964/515|date=|last=|first=|language=en|website=Oyez|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805163032/https://www.oyez.org/cases/1964/515|archive-date=2019-08-05|access-date=2019-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
1954年,沃伦法院在[[布朗诉托皮卡教育委员会案]](Brown v. Board of Education)中,以9:0一致裁决:由于“黑白隔离政策表示黑人低劣”,所以原告和提出诉讼而处境与此相似的其他人,由于受所述种族隔离之害,已被剥夺了[[美國憲法第十四修正案]]與[[平等保護條款]]所保障的权利。<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Documents Related to Brown v. Board of Education|url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v-board|accessdate=2019-09-25|date=2016-08-15|work=National Archives|language=en}}</ref>此案的裁决突破了普莱西案对“隔离但平等”原则的认可,取消了在教育领域的种族隔离。此后最高法院又通过一系列判决,实质上否认了“隔离但平等”原则的合法性,被最終終結了美國實行逾一世紀的種族隔離政策。