美國人權：修订间差异

美国的人权状况备受争议，受到了国际方面的广泛关注和批评<ref>{{cite web|date=2020|title=United States|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/united-states|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2011|title=The top 100 offenders|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/Tables/4_col_tables/0,,258330,00.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=November 25, 2008|title=Global Human Rights Index|url=http://www.greenparty.org.uk/assets/files/reports/ReportHRI_-4-2.pdf|publisher=Green Party of UK|page=25}}</ref><ref name="Alston2">{{cite web|last=Alston|first=Philp|authorlink=Philip Alston|date=December 15, 2017|title=Statement on Visit to the USA, by Professor Philip Alston, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22533&LangID=E|access-date=December 20, 2017|website=|publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|OHCHR]]}}</ref>。雖然[[人權]]在[[美国]]受法律保障及公眾認同，但[[死刑]]、族群政策、[[持枪权]]、[[警察暴力]]等威胁仍存在。PBS newsHour報導稱，美国有人因無法支付罰款而入獄；<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/return-debtors-prison/|title=Return of the debtors' prison? Many jailed for inability to pay fines|website=PBS NewsHour}}</ref>聯合國人權委員會等人權機構稱，美國對窮人進行嚴酷的政策壓迫；<ref>[http://www.nlchp.org/U.N._Human_Rights_Committee_Calls_U.S._Criminalization_of_Homelessness_Cruel,_Inhuman,_and_Degrading.pdf U.N. Human Rights Committee Calls U.S. Criminalization of Homelessness "Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824224248/https://www.nlchp.org/U.N._Human_Rights_Committee_Calls_U.S._Criminalization_of_Homelessness_Cruel,_Inhuman,_and_Degrading.pdf |date=August 24, 2017 }}. ''[[The National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty]],'' March 27, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last= Haymes|editor1-first=Stephen |editor2-last= Vidal de Haymes|editor2-first= Maria|editor3-last= Miller|editor3-first= Reuben|title= The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States |url= http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415673440|location=London |publisher= [[Routledge]]|date=2015|isbn= 978-0415673440|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qnHfBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA346#v=onepage&q&f=false 346]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=June 4, 2018|title="Contempt for the poor in US drives cruel policies," says UN expert|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23172&LangID=E|work=OHCHR|location= |access-date=July 28, 2018 }}</ref> 隱私國際的調研中稱，美國政府進行的大規模監控項目侵犯公民的隱私權。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/surveillance-monitor-2007-international-country-rankings|title=|author=|date=|work=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref>

 

 

但儘管人權狀況時被批評，加上各項指標落後于一些[[已開發國家]]，美國仍被認為是侵害人權狀況不嚴重的國家之一。以人權的重要指標之一的「性別權力測度值（GEM）」為例，根據[[聯合國開發計畫署]]（UNDP）標準所製成的「管理及經理人女性比率」人權狀況顯示，該國於相關正面評價上排名第4，在該指標的最後總排名中，美國亦為第11。<ref>[http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_gen_emp-people-gender-empowerment Gender empowerment (most recent) by country]</ref>就美国的公民自由和政治权利而言，美国在人类自由类别中也名列前茅，获得86分（满分为100分）<ref name="CIRI">{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsdata.com/|title=CIRI Human Rights Data Project|last=|first=|date=|website=|accessdate=2019-10-27}}</ref> 。美国具有较高程度的新闻自由，在2017年新闻自由报告中美国的新闻自由级别为“自由”，并在199个国家中排在第33位（与斯洛文尼亚并列）<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=April 2017|title=FREEDOMOF THE PRESS 2017|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/FOTP_2017_booklet_FINAL_April28_1.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329120318/https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/FOTP_2017_booklet_FINAL_April28_1.pdf|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=9 July 2020|website=Freedom House}}</ref>。