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== 醫學 ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:15px;"
|+ 估計通過各種感染途徑（單次行為）<br />獲得HIV病毒風險機率(以美國為例)<ref name= "MMWR3 ">{{Cite journal | author=Smith DK | title=Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States | journalauthor= MMWRSmith DK| pages=1–20 | volume=54 | issue=RR02 | url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5402a1.htm#tab1 | date=2005|journal=MMWR|accessdate=2009-03-31 | author2issue= Grohskopf LA RR02| author3volume= Black RJ 54| display-authorspages= 3 1–20| author4=<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.> | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402105301/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5402a1.htm#tab1 | archivedate=2009-04-02 | deadurl=no |author3=Black RJ| author4=<Please dateadd first missing authors to populate metadata.>|display-authors= 20053|author2=Grohskopf LA}}</ref> ▼|- style="background:#efefef; "
▲|+ 估計通過各種感染途徑（單次行為）<br />獲得HIV病毒風險機率(以美國為例)<ref name=MMWR3>{{Cite journal | author=Smith DK | title=Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States | journal=MMWR | pages=1–20 | volume=54 | issue=RR02 | url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5402a1.htm#tab1 | accessdate=2009-03-31 | author2=Grohskopf LA | author3=Black RJ | display-authors=3 | author4=<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.> | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402105301/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5402a1.htm#tab1 | archivedate=2009-04-02 | deadurl=no | date=2005 }}</ref>
|- style="background:#efefef; "
! style="width: 100px" abbr="Route" | 感染途徑
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 輸血
| 90%<ref name="Donegan">{{Cite journal| author=Donegan E | title=Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive blood donations | journalurl=Annhttps://pubmed. Internncbi. Mednlm. nih.gov/2240875|last=Donegan|first=E.|last2=Stuart|first2=M.|date=1990-11-15|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|issue=10|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-733|volume=113|pages=733–739|issn=0003-4819|pmid=2240875|last3=Niland|first3=J. C.|last4=Sacks|first4=H. volumeS.|last5=113Azen|first5=S. P.|last6=Dietrich|first6=S. issueL.|last7=10Faucett|first7=C.|last8=Fletcher|first8=M. A.|last9=Kleinman|first9=S. H.}}</ref>
| pmid=2240875| author2=Stuart M| author3=Niland JC| display-authors=3| last4=Sacks| first4=HS| last5=Azen| first5=SP| last6=Dietrich| first6=SL| last7=Faucett| first7=C| last8=Fletcher| first8=MA| last9=Kleinman| first9=SH|date=1990}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 分娩<small>(傳給胎兒)</small>
| 25%<ref name="Coovadia">{{Cite journal| author=Coovadia H | title=Antiretroviral agents—how best to protect infants from HIV and save their mothers from AIDS |author=Coovadia H|date=2004|journal=N. Engl. J. Med. | pagesissue=289–292 3|doi=10.1056/NEJMe048128| volume=351 | issuepages=3 289–292| pmid=15247337 | doi=10.1056}}</NEJMe048128ref>
|date=2004}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 注射性毒品使用共用針頭
| 0.67%<ref name="Kaplan">{{Cite journal| author=Kaplan EH, Heimer R | title=HIV incidence among New Haven needle exchange participants: updated estimates from syringe tracking and testing data | journalurl=Jhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7552482|last=Kaplan|first=E. AcquirH.|last2=Heimer|first2=R.|date=1995-10-01|journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Defic.Deficiency Syndr.Syndromes Hum.and Retrovirol.Human |Retrovirology: pages=175–176Official |Publication volume=10of the International Retrovirology Association| issue=2 | pmiddoi=755248210.1097/00042560-199510020-00010|datevolume=199510|pages=175–176|issn=1077-9450|pmid=7552482}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 经皮针扎
| 0.30%<ref name="Bell">{{Cite journal| author=Bell DM | title=Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: an overview | journalurl=Amhttps://pubmed. Jncbi. Mednlm. nih.gov/9845490| pageslast=9–15 Bell| volumefirst=102D. M.| issuedate=5B 1997-05-19| pmidjournal=9845490The |American Journal of Medicine|issue=5B|doi=10.1016/S0002s0002-9343(97)89441-7|volume=102|pages=9–15|issn=0002-9343|pmid=9845490}}</ref>
|date=1997}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 肛交受方<sup>*</sup>
| 0.50%<ref name="ESG">{{Cite journal| author=European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV | title=Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples. |European journalStudy Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV|url=BMJhttps://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1392708| pagesdate=809–813 1992-03-28| volumejournal=304BMJ (Clinical research ed.)| issue=6830 | pmid=1392708 | doi=10.1136/bmj.304.6830.809 | volume=304|pages=809–813|issn=0959-8138|pmc=1881672|datepmid=19921392708}}</ref><ref name="Varghese">{{Cite journal| author=Varghese B, Maher JE, Peterman TA, Branson BM, Steketee RW | title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use | url=https://archivepubmed.orgncbi.nlm.nih.gov/details/sim_sexually-transmitted-diseases_2002-01_29_1/page/38 11773877| journallast=Sex Transm Dis Varghese| pagesfirst=38–43 Beens| volumelast2=29 Maher| issuefirst2=1Julie E.| pmiddate=11773877 2002-01|journal=Sexually Transmitted Diseases|issue=1|doi=10.1097/00007435-200201000-00007|datevolume=200229|pages=38–43|issn=0148-5717|pmid=11773877|last3=Peterman|first3=Thomas A.|last4=Branson|first4=Bernard M.|last5=Steketee|first5=Richard W.}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 肛交插入者<sup>*</sup>
|-
! style="text-align: left"| 陰莖陰道交媾女方<sup>*</sup>
| 0.10%<ref name=ESG /><ref name=Varghese /><ref name="Leynaert">{{Cite journal| author=Leynaert B, Downs AM, de Vincenzi I | title=Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity throughout the course of infection. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV | journalurl=Amhttps://pubmed. Jncbi. Epidemiolnlm. nih.gov/9663408| pageslast=88–96 Leynaert| volumefirst=148B.|last2=Downs|first2=A. M.|date=1998-07-01|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|issue=1 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009564|volume=148|pages=88–96|issn=0002-9262|pmid=9663408|datelast3=1998de Vincenzi|first3=I.}}</ref>
|-
|- style="background:#efefef; "
! colspan=5"2" style="border-right:0;" | <sup>*</sup> 假設未使用安全套 <br /> <sup>§</sup> 資料指的口交<br />是男性作出的
|}
=== 傳播途徑 ===
建立对HIV疗法的课题面临很多困难。每一种有效的药物都有副作用，通常是严重的或是致命的。常见的副作用包括严重的恶心、腹泻、肝臟的损毁和衰竭、黄疸、高血脂、糖尿病、脂肪組織移位、[[貧血]]、腎結石。致命的副作用包含[[史蒂芬斯-強森症候群]]、猛暴性[[肝炎]]、胰臟炎、乳酸血症。每一种疗法都要求经常性的血液检查以确定疗效和肝脏功能。
目前台灣單藥錠（Single-Tablet Regimens）抗愛滋病毒藥物組合：<ref>{{Cite journal|title=臺灣現有單藥錠(Single-Tablet Regimens) 抗愛滋病毒藥物組合的介紹|authors=許瑋婷、劉旺達、蔡宛臻、洪健清|url=http://www.aids-care.org.tw/db/Jour/1/20170901/3.pdf|journal=愛之關懷|issue=100|doi=|others=|year=2017|volume=|page=|pmid=|access-date=2018-11-28|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207141352/http://www.aids-care.org.tw/db/Jour/1/20170901/3.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*舒發錠/亞翠佩 (Atripla) = Tenofovir (惠立妥) + Emtricitabine (類似速汰滋) + Efavirenz (希寧)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://heartvalley.blogspot.com/2014/01/3-atripla.html|title=心之谷: 將於今年3月增列的第一線用藥--Atripla (舒發錠)|accessdate=2018-11-28|date=2014-01-21|last=羅一鈞|work=心之谷|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207141418/http://heartvalley.blogspot.com/2014/01/3-atripla.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
随着新的治疗办法不断被研发出来，并且由于HIV持续演化出对这些药物的抗性，对于存活时间的估计可能继续改变。如果没有抗逆转录疗法，患者通常在病情诊断为已发展成AIDS后1年死亡。大多数患者因为免疫系统的持续失效而死于[[机会性感染]]或者[[恶性肿瘤]]。临床疾病的发病率因为个体的不同而呈现巨大差异，已有研究表明其受许多因素的影响，例如宿主的易感染性和免疫功能，保健措施和交叉感染，以及特定病毒品种的影响。
== 相關條目 ==
* [[艾滋病重估运动]]
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