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第9行： \| chapter = A Human Rights Lens on U.S. History: Human Rights at Home and Human Rights Abroad \| volume = III \| page = 4 \| publisher = Praeger Publishers \| year = 2007 \| isbn = 0-275-98824-4}}</ref><ref>Brennan, William, J., ed. Schwartz, Bernard, The Burger Court: counter-revolution or confirmation?, Oxford University Press US, 1998, {{ISBN\|0-19-512259-3}}, page 10</ref>、[[州宪法]]、[[国际法]]、联邦州份法案保障的权利。除法律保障外，美国人权更受[[公民倡议]]和[[公民投票]]保障。[[美国联邦法院]]有权审理[[国际人权法]]，并视国际法为[[美国法律]]。<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3655/is_199807/ai_n8788427/pg_4/?tag=content;col1\|title=Human rights in the United States courts: The role of lawyers\|last=Schneebaum\|first=Steven M.\|date=Summer 1998\|publisher=Washington & Lee Law Review\|accessdate=June 10, 2009\|archive-date=2011-11-05\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105065022/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3655/is_199807/ai_n8788427/pg_4/?tag=content;col1\|dead-url=no}}</ref> 美国的人权状况备受争议，受到了国际方面的广泛关注<ref>{{cite web\|date=2020\|title=United States\|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/united-states\|publisher=Human Rights Watch\|access-date=2020-08-30\|archive-date=2021-04-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417032048/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/united-states\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|date=2011\|title=The top 100 offenders\|newspaper=The Guardian\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/Tables/4_col_tables/0,,258330,00.html\|accessdate=2020-08-30\|archive-date=2019-01-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117124551/https://www.theguardian.com/Tables/4_col_tables/0,,258330,00.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|date=November 25, 2008\|title=Global Human Rights Index\|url=http://www.greenparty.org.uk/assets/files/reports/ReportHRI_-4-2.pdf\|publisher=Green Party of UK\|page=25\|access-date=2020-08-30\|archive-date=2019-08-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821224815/https://www.greenparty.org.uk/assets/files/reports/ReportHRI_-4-2.pdf\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Alston2">{{cite web\|last=Alston\|first=Philp\|authorlink=Philip Alston\|date=December 15, 2017\|title=Statement on Visit to the USA, by Professor Philip Alston, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights\|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22533&LangID=E\|access-date=December 20, 2017\|website=\|publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights\|OHCHR]]\|archive-date=2019-10-05\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005194945/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22533&LangID=E\|dead-url=no}}</ref>。雖然人權在美国受法律保障及公眾認同，但[[死刑]]、族群政策、[[持枪权]]、[[警察暴力]]等威胁仍存在。PBS newsHour報導稱，美国有人因無法支付罰款而入獄；<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/return-debtors-prison/\|title=Return of the debtors' prison? Many jailed for inability to pay fines\|website=PBS NewsHour\|access-date=2020-08-30\|archive-date=2017-09-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914135641/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/return-debtors-prison/\|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[聯合國人權委員會]]等人權機構稱，美國對窮人進行嚴酷的政策壓迫；<ref>[http://www.nlchp.org/U.N._Human_Rights_Committee_Calls_U.S._Criminalization_of_Homelessness_Cruel,_Inhuman,_and_Degrading.pdf U.N. Human Rights Committee Calls U.S. Criminalization of Homelessness "Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824224248/https://www.nlchp.org/U.N._Human_Rights_Committee_Calls_U.S._Criminalization_of_Homelessness_Cruel,_Inhuman,_and_Degrading.pdf \|date=August 24, 2017 }}. ''[[The National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty]],'' March 27, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite book\|editor1-last= Haymes\|editor1-first= Stephen\|editor2-last= Vidal de Haymes\|editor2-first= Maria\|editor3-last= Miller\|editor3-first= Reuben\|title= The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States\|url= http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415673440\|location= London\|publisher= [[Routledge]]\|date= 2015\|isbn= 978-0415673440\|page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=qnHfBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA346#v=onepage&q&f=false 346]\|access-date= 2020-08-30\|archive-date= 2015-06-17\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150617164555/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415673440/\|dead-url= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=\|first=\|date=June 4, 2018\|title="Contempt for the poor in US drives cruel policies," says UN expert\|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23172&LangID=E\|work=OHCHR\|location=\|access-date=July 28, 2018\|archive-date=2019-09-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917141810/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23172&LangID=E\|dead-url=no}}</ref> 隱私國際的調研中稱，美國政府進行的大規模監控項目侵犯公民的隱私權。<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/surveillance-monitor-2007-international-country-rankings\|title=\|author=\|date=\|work=\|publisher=\|accessdate=\|language=\|format=\|archive-date=2016-01-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108235258/https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/surveillance-monitor-2007-international-country-rankings\|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2006年[[德国之声]]在评论2005年美国发布的《[[国别人权报告]]》时认为，尽管[[美国媒体]]享受充分的自由使得美国政府的行为受到监督，但是这个监督机制并不能完全杜绝践踏人权的现象：由于[[关塔那摩湾拘押中心]]虐囚事件、[[美國中央情報局]][[東歐]][[黑監獄]]、美國中央情報局以非法手段[[逮捕]]和押送[[恐怖活動]][[犯罪嫌疑人]]的種種作為，美国在人权问题上的公信力正在不断下降<ref>[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1928791,00.html 评论：美国人权法官威望大打折扣] {{Wayback\|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1928791,00.html \|date=20061124154805 }} 德国之声 2006-03-09</ref>。第85行： </dl>]] 欧盟、[[罗马天主教会]]和一些其他组织呼吁在全球范围内[[死刑存廢問題\|废止死刑]]<ref>[http://ue.eu.int/uedocs/cmsUpload/HR_9199.98ZH.pdf 参见欧盟的人权政策] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050819233153/http://ue.eu.int/uedocs/cmsUpload/HR_9199.98ZH.pdf \|date=2005-08-19 }}</ref>。截至{{CURRENTYEAR}}年为止，[[发达国家]]或地区中只有美国、[[日本]]、[[新加坡]]及[[臺灣]]执行死刑。一些美国人认为死刑违反了[[美國憲法第八修正案\|宪法第八修正案]]中的“不得施加残酷和非常的惩罚”条款。在弗曼诉佐治亚州案<ref>[http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/jiaoliu/jl0401/death.html Furman v Georgia] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909045051/http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/jiaoliu/jl0401/death.html \|date=2006-09-09 }}（{{Ussc\|408\|238\|1972}}）</ref>中当时的死刑法规被裁定为过于随意和武断，违反了这条修正案。直到各州重新制定法规之后，在格雷格诉佐治亚州案<ref>Gregg v. Georgia（{{Ussc\|428\|153\|1976}}）</ref>中，新的死刑法规才得到肯定。截至{{CURRENTYEAR}}年為止，美国有32个州及聯邦政府、軍隊允许執行死刑。2002年，在[[休斯敦纪事报]]对得克萨斯州的一次调查中，死刑的支持率达到将近70%。 1990至2005年间，[[大赦国际]]记录了19例被处决的少年犯。2005年3月，美国最高法院在Roper v. Simmons案<ref name="Roper v. Simmons">Roper v. Simmons {{ussc\|000\|03-633\|2005}}。美国最高法院裁定不再处决犯罪时年龄在18岁以下的少年犯。</ref>中判决处决少年犯违宪。

美國人權：修订间差异