German submarine U-338
| History | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name | U-338 |
| Ordered | 21 November 1940 |
| Builder | Nordseewerke, Emden |
| Yard number | 210 |
| Laid down | 4 April 1941 |
| Launched | 20 April 1942 |
| Commissioned | 25 June 1942 |
| Nickname(s) | Wildesel ("Wild Donkey") |
| Fate | Sunk, 20 September 1943[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Type VIIC submarine |
| Displacement | list error: <br /> list (help) 769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged |
| Length | list error: <br /> list (help) 67.1 m (220 ft 2 in) o/a 50.5 m (165 ft 8 in) pressure hull |
| Beam | list error: <br /> list (help) 6.2 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull |
| Draft | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 2 × supercharged Germaniawerft 6-cylinder 4-stroke F46 diesel engines, totalling 2,800–3,200 bhp (2,100–2,400 kW). Max rpm: 470-490 2 × electric motors, totalling 750 shp (560 kW) and max rpm: 296. |
| Speed | list error: <br /> list (help) 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged |
| Range | list error: <br /> list (help) 15,170 km (8,190 nmi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 150 km (81 nmi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | list error: <br /> list (help) 230 m (750 ft) Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft) |
| Complement | 44–52 officers and ratings |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) 5 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 × G7e torpedoes or 26 TMA mines 1 × 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) Various AA guns |
| Service record[2][3] | |
| Part of: |
list error: <br /> list (help) 8th U-boat Flotilla (25 June 1942–28 February 1943) 7th U-boat Flotilla (1 March–20 September 1943) |
| Commanders: |
list error: <br /> list (help) Kptlt. Manfred Kinzel (25 June 1942–20 September 1943) |
| Operations: |
list error: <br /> list (help) 1st patrol: 23 February–24 March 1943 2nd patrol: 15–21 June 1943 3rd patrol: 25 August–20 September 1943 |
| Victories: |
list error: <br /> list (help) Four commercial ships sunk (21,927 GRT GRT uses unsupported parameter (help)) one commercial ship damaged (7,134 GRT) one Halifax aircraft shot down |
German submarine U-338 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 4 April 1941 at the Nordseewerke yard at Emden, launched on 20 April 1942, and commissioned on 25 June 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Manfred Kinzel.[2]
Service history
U-338 was nicknamed Wildesel ("Wild Donkey") after an incident on the day of its launch, when the U-boat broke free from its moorings and struck a small tug boat, sinking it.[2] After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla at Danzig, U-338 was transferred to the 7th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 March 1943.[2]
1st patrol
U-338 sailed from Kiel on 23 February 1943 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Manfred Kinzel, and out into the north Atlantic where she joined the wolfpack 'Stürmer' on 11 March for an attack on Convoy SC 122.[4] On 17 March at 03:05, U-338 fired two torpedoes at the convoy southeast of Cape Farewell, Greenland and hit and sank two British merchant ships; the 4,898 ton Kingsbury,[5] and the 5,072 ton King Gruffydd.[6] After a minute, two more torpedoes were fired, one of which struck the 7,886 ton Dutch merchantman Alderamin, which later sank.[7] A single torpedo was then fired from the stern tube aimed at the Alderamin, but it missed and struck the 7,134 ton British merchant ship Fort Cedar Lake. The ship, badly damaged, fell behind the convoy and was sunk by U-665 around noon.[8] U-338 attacked the convoy again at 14:52 with another salvo of torpedoes, one of which hit the 4,071 ton Panama-registered American ship Granville, which broke in two amidships and sank within 15 minutes.[9]
On 22 March 1943, U-338 was in the Bay of Biscay, heading for its new home port of Saint-Nazaire in France, when it was attacked by a British Halifax bomber from No. 502 Squadron RAF. Anti-aircraft fire from the submarine hit the starboard outer engine and fuselage of the aircraft, causing its bombs to fall wide and cause only slight damage to the U-boat. The aircraft was seen to crash into the sea some distance away, killing all but one of the eight-man crew, who was picked up by U-338 and taken prisoner.[2] Two days later, on 24 March, the U-boat arrived at St. Nazaire.[3]
2nd patrol
U-338 sailed from St. Nazaire on 15 June 1943, but the patrol was cut short when she was attacked on the 17th by a B-17 Flying Fortress from No. 206 Squadron RAF. The U-boat was damaged, the Obersteuermann ("Navigator") killed, and three men were wounded. The U-boat returned to port on 21 June.[10]
3rd patrol
U-338 sailed from St. Nazaire again on 25 August 1943 into the mid-Atlantic, joining the wolf pack 'Leuthen' on 15 September.[11] The U-boat was lost on 20 September during an attack on Convoy ON 202. After being spotted by a B-24 Liberator patrol aircraft, the Canadian corvette HMCS Drumheller approached at speed firing her 4-inch gun. The U-boat dived, and was located by Drumheller's ASDIC (sonar). As the corvette prepared to attack with depth charges she observed a large underwater explosion. No further contact with U-338 was made, and it is assumed that she was destroyed as a result of damage caused by Drumheller's shell fire.[12]
Raiding history
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 March 1943 | Alderamin |  Netherlands |
7,886 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1943 | Fort Cedar Lake |  United Kingdom |
7,134 | Damaged |
| 17 March 1943 | Granville |  Panama |
4,071 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1943 | King Gruffydd | United Kingdom |
5,072 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1943 | Kingsbury | United Kingdom |
4,898 | Sunk |
See also
References
- Notes
- ^ Kemp, Paul: U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars, 1999, Arms & Armour, ISBN 1-85409-515-3, p. 146.
- ^ a b c d e "The Type VIIC U-boat U-338". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ a b "War Patrols by German U-boat U-338". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Patrol of U-boat U-338 from 23 Feb 1943 to 24 Mar 1943". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Kingsbury". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "King Gruffydd". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Alderamin". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Fort Cedar Lake". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Granville". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Patrol of U-boat U-338 from 15 Jun 1943 to 21 Jun 1943". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Patrol of U-boat U-338 from 25 Aug 1943 to 20 Sep 1943". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 : U-338". u-boot-archiv.de. Retrieved 1 June 2010. Template:De icon
External links
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